Merge pull request #1592 from a7i/chart-image

[release v0.32.0] bump chart and images
Merge pull request #1593 from a7i/license-2025
2026-01-25 20:59:28 +01:00 · 2025-01-03 00:26:13 +01:00 · 2025-01-02 22:54:15 +01:00 · 2025-01-02 13:36:59 -05:00 · 2025-01-02 13:31:18 -05:00 · 2024-12-30 06:48:13 +01:00
2195 changed files with 146439 additions and 50491 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/manifests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/manifests.yaml
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ jobs:
  deploy:
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        k8s-version: ["v1.31.0"]
-        descheduler-version: ["v0.30.0"]
+        k8s-version: ["v1.32.0"]
+        descheduler-version: ["v0.32.0"]
        descheduler-api: ["v1alpha2"]
        manifest: ["deployment"]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Checkout Repo
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Create kind cluster
-        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.10.0
+        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.12.0
        with:
          node_image: kindest/node:${{ matrix.k8s-version }}
          kubectl_version: ${{ matrix.k8s-version }}
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ on:
    branches:
      - release-*

+permissions:
+  contents: write # allow actions to update gh-pages branch
+
 jobs:
  release:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 run:
-  timeout: 2m
+  timeout: 5m

 linters:
  disable-all: true
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-FROM golang:1.22.5
+FROM golang:1.23.3

 WORKDIR /go/src/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler
 COPY . .
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ARCHS = amd64 arm arm64

 LDFLAGS=-ldflags "-X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.version=${VERSION} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.buildDate=${BUILD} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.gitbranch=${BRANCH} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.gitsha1=${SHA1}"

-GOLANGCI_VERSION := v1.60.3
+GOLANGCI_VERSION := v1.62.2
 HAS_GOLANGCI := $(shell ls _output/bin/golangci-lint 2> /dev/null)

 GOFUMPT_VERSION := v0.7.0
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ lint:
 ifndef HAS_GOLANGCI
 	curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b ./_output/bin ${GOLANGCI_VERSION}
 endif
-	./_output/bin/golangci-lint run
+	./_output/bin/golangci-lint run -v

 fmt:
 ifndef HAS_GOFUMPT
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ that version's release branch, as listed below:

 |Descheduler Version|Docs link|
 |---|---|
+|v0.32.x|[`release-1.32`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.32/README.md)|
 |v0.31.x|[`release-1.31`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.31/README.md)|
 |v0.30.x|[`release-1.30`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.30/README.md)|
 |v0.29.x|[`release-1.29`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.29/README.md)|
-|v0.28.x|[`release-1.28`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.28/README.md)|

 The
 [`master`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/master/README.md)
@@ -93,17 +93,17 @@ See the [resources | Kustomize](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/ku

 Run As A Job
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/job?ref=v0.31.0' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/job?ref=release-1.32' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```

 Run As A CronJob
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/cronjob?ref=v0.31.0' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/cronjob?ref=release-1.32' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```

 Run As A Deployment
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/deployment?ref=v0.31.0' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/deployment?ref=release-1.32' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```

 ## User Guide
@@ -124,23 +124,26 @@ These are top level keys in the Descheduler Policy that you can use to configure
 | `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each node (summed through all strategies) |
 | `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each namespace (summed through all strategies) |
 | `maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted per rescheduling cycle (summed through all strategies) |
+| `metricsCollector` |`object`| `nil` | configures collection of metrics for actual resource utilization |
+| `metricsCollector.enabled` |`bool`| `false` | enables kubernetes [metrics server](https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/) collection |

 ### Evictor Plugin configuration (Default Evictor)

 The Default Evictor Plugin is used by default for filtering pods before processing them in an strategy plugin, or for applying a PreEvictionFilter of pods before eviction. You can also create your own Evictor Plugin or use the Default one provided by Descheduler.  Other uses for the Evictor plugin can be to sort, filter, validate or group pods by different criteria, and that's why this is handled by a plugin and not configured in the top level config.

-| Name |type| Default Value | Description |
-|------|----|---------------|-------------|
-| `nodeSelector` |`string`| `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed |
-| `evictLocalStoragePods` |`bool`| `false` | allows eviction of pods with local storage |
+| Name                      |type| Default Value | Description                                                                                                                 |
+|---------------------------|----|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `nodeSelector`            |`string`| `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed                                                                                      |
+| `evictLocalStoragePods`   |`bool`| `false` | allows eviction of pods with local storage                                                                                  |
 | `evictSystemCriticalPods` |`bool`| `false` | [Warning: Will evict Kubernetes system pods] allows eviction of pods with any priority, including system pods like kube-dns |
-| `ignorePvcPods` |`bool`| `false` | set whether PVC pods should be evicted or ignored |
-| `evictFailedBarePods` |`bool`| `false` | allow eviction of pods without owner references and in failed phase |
-|`labelSelector`|`metav1.LabelSelector`||(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`priorityThreshold`|`priorityThreshold`||(see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|`bool`|`false`|(see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-|`minReplicas`|`uint`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods where owner (e.g. `ReplicaSet`) replicas is below this threshold |
-|`minPodAge`|`metav1.Duration`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods with a creation time within this threshold |
+| `ignorePvcPods`           |`bool`| `false` | set whether PVC pods should be evicted or ignored                                                                           |
+| `evictFailedBarePods`     |`bool`| `false` | allow eviction of pods without owner references and in failed phase                                                         |
+| `labelSelector`           |`metav1.LabelSelector`|| (see [label filtering](#label-filtering))                                                                                   |
+| `priorityThreshold`       |`priorityThreshold`|| (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))                                                                             |
+| `nodeFit`                 |`bool`|`false`| (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))                                                                             |
+| `minReplicas`             |`uint`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods where owner (e.g. `ReplicaSet`) replicas is below this threshold                                    |
+| `minPodAge`               |`metav1.Duration`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods with a creation time within this threshold                                                          |
+| `ignorePodsWithoutPDB`    |`bool`|`false`| set whether pods without PodDisruptionBudget should be evicted or ignored                                                   |

 ### Example policy

@@ -157,6 +160,8 @@ nodeSelector: "node=node1" # you don't need to set this, if not set all will be
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
+metricsCollector:
+  enabled: true # you don't need to set this, metrics are not collected if not set
 profiles:
  - name: ProfileName
    pluginConfig:
@@ -276,11 +281,13 @@ If that parameter is set to `true`, the thresholds are considered as percentage
 `thresholds` will be deducted from the mean among all nodes and `targetThresholds` will be added to the mean.
 A resource consumption above (resp. below) this window is considered as overutilization (resp. underutilization).

-**NOTE:** Node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
+**NOTE:** By default node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
 This approach is chosen in order to maintain consistency with the kube-scheduler, which follows the same
 design for scheduling pods onto nodes. This means that resource usage as reported by Kubelet (or commands
 like `kubectl top`) may differ from the calculated consumption, due to these components reporting
-actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO for the project.
+actual usage metrics. Metrics-based descheduling can be enabled by setting `metricsUtilization.metricsServer` field.
+In order to have the plugin consume the metrics the metric collector needs to be configured as well.
+See `metricsCollector` field at [Top Level configuration](#top-level-configuration) for available options.

 **Parameters:**

@@ -291,6 +298,9 @@ actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO
 |`targetThresholds`|map(string:int)|
 |`numberOfNodes`|int|
 |`evictableNamespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
+|`metricsUtilization`|object|
+|`metricsUtilization.metricsServer`|bool|
+

 **Example:**

@@ -310,6 +320,8 @@ profiles:
          "cpu" : 50
          "memory": 50
          "pods": 50
+        metricsUtilization:
+          metricsServer: true
    plugins:
      balance:
        enabled:
@@ -858,7 +870,7 @@ does not exist, descheduler won't create it and will throw an error.

 ### Label filtering

-The following strategies can configure a [standard kubernetes labelSelector](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.31/#labelselector-v1-meta)
+The following strategies can configure a [standard kubernetes labelSelector](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.32/#labelselector-v1-meta)
 to filter pods by their labels:

 * `PodLifeTime`
@@ -997,6 +1009,11 @@ packages that it is compiled with.

 | Descheduler | Supported Kubernetes Version |
 |-------------|------------------------------|
+| v0.32       | v1.32                        |
+| v0.31       | v1.31                        |
+| v0.30       | v1.30                        |
+| v0.29       | v1.29                        |
+| v0.28       | v1.28                        |
 | v0.27       | v1.27                        |
 | v0.26       | v1.26                        |
 | v0.25       | v1.25                        |
--- a/charts/descheduler/Chart.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/Chart.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 apiVersion: v1
 name: descheduler
-version: 0.30.1
-appVersion: 0.30.1
+version: 0.32.0
+appVersion: 0.32.0
 description: Descheduler for Kubernetes is used to rebalance clusters by evicting pods that can potentially be scheduled on better nodes. In the current implementation, descheduler does not schedule replacement of evicted pods but relies on the default scheduler for that.
 keywords:
 - kubernetes
--- a/charts/descheduler/README.md
+++ b/charts/descheduler/README.md
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ The following table lists the configurable parameters of the _descheduler_ chart
 | `replicas`                          | The replica count for Deployment                                                                                      | `1`                                       |
 | `leaderElection`                    | The options for high availability when running replicated components                                                  | _see values.yaml_                         |
 | `cmdOptions`                        | The options to pass to the _descheduler_ command                                                                      | _see values.yaml_                         |
-| `deschedulerPolicy.strategies`      | The _descheduler_ strategies to apply                                                                                 | _see values.yaml_                         |
 | `priorityClassName`                 | The name of the priority class to add to pods                                                                         | `system-cluster-critical`                 |
 | `rbac.create`                       | If `true`, create & use RBAC resources                                                                                | `true`                                    |
 | `resources`                         | Descheduler container CPU and memory requests/limits                                                                  | _see values.yaml_                         |
--- a/charts/descheduler/templates/cronjob.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/templates/cronjob.yaml
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ spec:
  {{- if .Values.startingDeadlineSeconds }}
  startingDeadlineSeconds: {{ .Values.startingDeadlineSeconds }}
  {{- end }}
-  {{- if .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit }}
+  {{- if ne .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit nil }}
  successfulJobsHistoryLimit: {{ .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit }}
  {{- end }}
-  {{- if .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit }}
+  {{- if ne .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit nil }}
  failedJobsHistoryLimit: {{ .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit }}
  {{- end }}
  {{- if .Values.timeZone }}
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ spec:
                {{- end }}
              livenessProbe:
                {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 16 }}
+              ports:
+                {{- toYaml .Values.ports | nindent 16 }}
              resources:
                {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 16 }}
              {{- if .Values.securityContext }}
--- a/charts/descheduler/templates/deployment.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/templates/deployment.yaml
@@ -61,8 +61,7 @@ spec:
            {{- end }}
            {{- include "descheduler.leaderElection" . | nindent 12 }}
          ports:
-            - containerPort: 10258
-              protocol: TCP
+            {{- toYaml .Values.ports | nindent 12 }}
          livenessProbe:
            {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 12 }}
          resources:
--- a/charts/descheduler/values.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/values.yaml
@@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ resources:
  requests:
    cpu: 500m
    memory: 256Mi
-  # limits:
-  #   cpu: 100m
-  #   memory: 128Mi
+  limits:
+    cpu: 500m
+    memory: 256Mi
+
+ports:
+  - containerPort: 10258
+    protocol: TCP

 securityContext:
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
--- a/cmd/descheduler/app/options/options.go
+++ b/cmd/descheduler/app/options/options.go
@@ -18,17 +18,28 @@ limitations under the License.
 package options

 import (
+	"strings"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	apiserver "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server"
 	apiserveroptions "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/options"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+
+	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	cliflag "k8s.io/component-base/cli/flag"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
 	componentbaseoptions "k8s.io/component-base/config/options"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1"
 	deschedulerscheme "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/scheme"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 )

@@ -40,11 +51,17 @@ const (
 type DeschedulerServer struct {
 	componentconfig.DeschedulerConfiguration

-	Client         clientset.Interface
-	EventClient    clientset.Interface
-	SecureServing  *apiserveroptions.SecureServingOptionsWithLoopback
-	DisableMetrics bool
-	EnableHTTP2    bool
+	Client            clientset.Interface
+	EventClient       clientset.Interface
+	MetricsClient     metricsclient.Interface
+	SecureServing     *apiserveroptions.SecureServingOptionsWithLoopback
+	SecureServingInfo *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
+	DisableMetrics    bool
+	EnableHTTP2       bool
+	// FeatureGates enabled by the user
+	FeatureGates map[string]bool
+	// DefaultFeatureGates for internal accessing so unit tests can enable/disable specific features
+	DefaultFeatureGates featuregate.FeatureGate
 }

 // NewDeschedulerServer creates a new DeschedulerServer with default parameters
@@ -102,8 +119,31 @@ func (rs *DeschedulerServer) AddFlags(fs *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	fs.Float64Var(&rs.Tracing.SampleRate, "otel-sample-rate", 1.0, "Sample rate to collect the Traces")
 	fs.BoolVar(&rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError, "otel-fallback-no-op-on-error", false, "Fallback to NoOp Tracer in case of error")
 	fs.BoolVar(&rs.EnableHTTP2, "enable-http2", false, "If http/2 should be enabled for the metrics and health check")
+	fs.Var(cliflag.NewMapStringBool(&rs.FeatureGates), "feature-gates", "A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features. "+
+		"Options are:\n"+strings.Join(features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate.KnownFeatures(), "\n"))

 	componentbaseoptions.BindLeaderElectionFlags(&rs.LeaderElection, fs)

 	rs.SecureServing.AddFlags(fs)
 }
+
+func (rs *DeschedulerServer) Apply() error {
+	err := features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate.SetFromMap(rs.FeatureGates)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate
+
+	// loopbackClientConfig is a config for a privileged loopback connection
+	var loopbackClientConfig *restclient.Config
+	var secureServing *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
+	if err := rs.SecureServing.ApplyTo(&secureServing, &loopbackClientConfig); err != nil {
+		klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply secure server configuration")
+		return err
+	}
+
+	secureServing.DisableHTTP2 = !rs.EnableHTTP2
+	rs.SecureServingInfo = secureServing
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/descheduler/app/server.go
+++ b/cmd/descheduler/app/server.go
@@ -23,19 +23,16 @@ import (
 	"os/signal"
 	"syscall"

-	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/healthz"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"

-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
-	apiserver "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/healthz"
 	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/mux"
-	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/component-base/logs"
 	logsapi "k8s.io/component-base/logs/api/v1"
@@ -67,40 +64,16 @@ func NewDeschedulerCommand(out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
 			return nil
 		},
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			// loopbackClientConfig is a config for a privileged loopback connection
-			var loopbackClientConfig *restclient.Config
-			var secureServing *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
-			if err := s.SecureServing.ApplyTo(&secureServing, &loopbackClientConfig); err != nil {
-				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply secure server configuration")
+			if err = s.Apply(); err != nil {
+				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply")
 				return err
 			}

-			secureServing.DisableHTTP2 = !s.EnableHTTP2
-
-			ctx, done := signal.NotifyContext(cmd.Context(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-
-			pathRecorderMux := mux.NewPathRecorderMux("descheduler")
-			if !s.DisableMetrics {
-				pathRecorderMux.Handle("/metrics", legacyregistry.HandlerWithReset())
-			}
-
-			healthz.InstallHandler(pathRecorderMux, healthz.NamedCheck("Descheduler", healthz.PingHealthz.Check))
-
-			stoppedCh, _, err := secureServing.Serve(pathRecorderMux, 0, ctx.Done())
-			if err != nil {
-				klog.Fatalf("failed to start secure server: %v", err)
+			if err = Run(cmd.Context(), s); err != nil {
+				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to run descheduler server")
 				return err
 			}

-			if err = Run(ctx, s); err != nil {
-				klog.ErrorS(err, "descheduler server")
-				return err
-			}
-
-			done()
-			// wait for metrics server to close
-			<-stoppedCh
-
 			return nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -114,8 +87,23 @@ func NewDeschedulerCommand(out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
 	return cmd
 }

-func Run(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
-	err := tracing.NewTracerProvider(ctx, rs.Tracing.CollectorEndpoint, rs.Tracing.TransportCert, rs.Tracing.ServiceName, rs.Tracing.ServiceNamespace, rs.Tracing.SampleRate, rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError)
+func Run(rootCtx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
+	ctx, done := signal.NotifyContext(rootCtx, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+
+	pathRecorderMux := mux.NewPathRecorderMux("descheduler")
+	if !rs.DisableMetrics {
+		pathRecorderMux.Handle("/metrics", legacyregistry.HandlerWithReset())
+	}
+
+	healthz.InstallHandler(pathRecorderMux, healthz.NamedCheck("Descheduler", healthz.PingHealthz.Check))
+
+	stoppedCh, _, err := rs.SecureServingInfo.Serve(pathRecorderMux, 0, ctx.Done())
+	if err != nil {
+		klog.Fatalf("failed to start secure server: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = tracing.NewTracerProvider(ctx, rs.Tracing.CollectorEndpoint, rs.Tracing.TransportCert, rs.Tracing.ServiceName, rs.Tracing.ServiceNamespace, rs.Tracing.SampleRate, rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError)
 	if err != nil {
 		klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to create tracer provider")
 	}
@@ -124,5 +112,14 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
 	// increase the fake watch channel so the dry-run mode can be run
 	// over a cluster with thousands of pods
 	watch.DefaultChanSize = 100000
-	return descheduler.Run(ctx, rs)
+	err = descheduler.Run(ctx, rs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	done()
+	// wait for metrics server to close
+	<-stoppedCh
+
+	return nil
 }
--- a/docs/cli/descheduler.md
+++ b/docs/cli/descheduler.md
@@ -23,13 +23,17 @@ descheduler [flags]
      --disable-metrics                          Disables metrics. The metrics are by default served through https://localhost:10258/metrics. Secure address, resp. port can be changed through --bind-address, resp. --secure-port flags.
      --dry-run                                  Execute descheduler in dry run mode.
      --enable-http2                             If http/2 should be enabled for the metrics and health check
+      --feature-gates mapStringBool              A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features. Options are:
+                                                 AllAlpha=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)
+                                                 AllBeta=true|false (BETA - default=false)
+                                                 EvictionsInBackground=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)
  -h, --help                                     help for descheduler
      --http2-max-streams-per-connection int     The limit that the server gives to clients for the maximum number of streams in an HTTP/2 connection. Zero means to use golang's default.
      --kubeconfig string                        File with kube configuration. Deprecated, use client-connection-kubeconfig instead.
      --leader-elect                             Start a leader election client and gain leadership before executing the main loop. Enable this when running replicated components for high availability.
      --leader-elect-lease-duration duration     The duration that non-leader candidates will wait after observing a leadership renewal until attempting to acquire leadership of a led but unrenewed leader slot. This is effectively the maximum duration that a leader can be stopped before it is replaced by another candidate. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 2m17s)
      --leader-elect-renew-deadline duration     The interval between attempts by the acting master to renew a leadership slot before it stops leading. This must be less than the lease duration. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 1m47s)
-      --leader-elect-resource-lock string        The type of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. Supported options are 'leases', 'endpointsleases' and 'configmapsleases'. (default "leases")
+      --leader-elect-resource-lock string        The type of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. Supported options are 'leases'. (default "leases")
      --leader-elect-resource-name string        The name of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. (default "descheduler")
      --leader-elect-resource-namespace string   The namespace of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. (default "kube-system")
      --leader-elect-retry-period duration       The duration the clients should wait between attempting acquisition and renewal of a leadership. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 26s)
--- a/docs/contributor-guide.md
+++ b/docs/contributor-guide.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ## Required Tools

 - [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
- [Go 1.16+](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.23+](https://golang.org/dl/)
 - [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/install/)
 - [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl)
 - [kind v0.10.0+](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/)
--- a/docs/user-guide.md
+++ b/docs/user-guide.md
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@ Starting with descheduler release v0.10.0 container images are available in the

 Descheduler Version | Container Image                                 | Architectures           |
 ------------------- |-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|
+v0.32.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.31.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.31.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.30.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.30.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.29.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.29.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.28.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.28.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.28.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.28.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |

 Note that multi-arch container images cannot be pulled by [kind](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io) from a registry. Therefore
 starting with descheduler release v0.20.0 use the below process to download the official descheduler
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module sigs.k8s.io/descheduler

-go 1.22.5
+go 1.23.3

 require (
 	github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4
@@ -13,20 +13,25 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
-	k8s.io/api v0.31.0
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.31.0
-	k8s.io/apiserver v0.31.0
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.31.0
-	k8s.io/code-generator v0.31.0
-	k8s.io/component-base v0.31.0
-	k8s.io/component-helpers v0.31.0
+	k8s.io/api v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/apiserver v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/code-generator v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/component-base v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/component-helpers v0.32.0
 	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1
-	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20240711033017-18e509b52bc8
+	k8s.io/metrics v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241210054802-24370beab758
+	kubevirt.io/api v1.3.0
+	kubevirt.io/client-go v1.3.0
+	kubevirt.io/containerized-data-importer-api v1.60.1 // indirect; drops dependency on o/api
 	sigs.k8s.io/mdtoc v1.1.0
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
 )

 require (
+	cel.dev/expr v0.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
@@ -43,23 +48,27 @@ require (
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/zapr v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.6 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.22.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20210514010506-3b9f47219fe7 // indirect
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1 // indirect
+	github.com/google/btree v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.8 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 // indirect
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
@@ -68,49 +77,51 @@ require (
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/openshift/custom-resource-status v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.14 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.14 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.14 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.16 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.16 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.16 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.53.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230515195305-f3d0a9c9a5cc // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.3.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240123012728-ef4313101c80 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240701130421-f6361c86f094 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240701130421-f6361c86f094 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240719175910-8a7402abbf56 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.25.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.19.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.26.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240826202546-f6391c0de4c7 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240826202546-f6391c0de4c7 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	k8s.io/gengo/v2 v2.0.0-20240228010128-51d4e06bde70 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kms v0.31.0 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20240228011516-70dd3763d340 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.30.3 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
+	k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver v0.30.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/gengo/v2 v2.0.0-20240911193312-2b36238f13e9 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kms v0.32.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.30.0 // indirect
+	kubevirt.io/controller-lifecycle-operator-sdk/api v0.0.0-20220329064328-f3cc58c6ed90 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.31.0 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241010143419-9aa6b5e7a4b3 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.2 // indirect
 )

-replace go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc => go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.47.0
+replace k8s.io/kube-openapi => k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20240430033511-f0e62f92d13f
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-cloud.google.com/go v0.112.0 h1:tpFCD7hpHFlQ8yPwT3x+QeXqc2T6+n6T+hmABHfDUSM=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.23.3 h1:6sVlXXBmbd7jNX0Ipq0trII3e4n1/MsADLK6a+aiVlk=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 h1:Tz+eQXMEqDIKRsmY3cHTL6FVaynIjX2QxYC4trgAKZc=
-cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0/go.mod h1:zFmK7XCadkQkj6TtorcaGlCW1hT1fIilQDwofLpJ20k=
+cel.dev/expr v0.18.0 h1:CJ6drgk+Hf96lkLikr4rFf19WrU0BOWEihyZnI2TAzo=
+cel.dev/expr v0.18.0/go.mod h1:MrpN08Q+lEBs+bGYdLxxHkZoUSsCp0nSKTs0nTymJgw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v0.0.0-20170623195520-56545f4a5d46/go.mod h1:3wb06e3pkSAbeQ52E9H9iFoQsEEwGN64994WTCIhntQ=
 github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v1.1.1 h1:ZUDjpQae29j0ryrS0u/B8HZfJBtBQHjqw2rQ2cqUQ3I=
 github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v1.1.1/go.mod h1:n/CVRwUEOgIxrgPvAQhUUr9oeUtvrhMomdKFjzJNB0c=
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.1.1/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 h1:lxCg3LAv+EUK6t1i0y1V6/SLeUi0eKEKdhQAlS8TVTI=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0/go.mod h1:pfChB/xh/Unjila75QW7+VU4TSnWnnk9UTnmpPaOR2g=
 github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20190424111038-f61b66f89f4a h1:idn718Q4B6AGu/h5Sxe66HYVdqdGu2l9Iebqhi/AEoA=
@@ -16,12 +18,20 @@ github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0 h1:1PFHFE6yCCTv8C1TeyNNarDzntLi7wMI5i/pzqYIsAM
 github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0/go.mod h1:IbckMUScFkM3pff0VJDNKRiT6TG/YpiHIM2yvyW5YoQ=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
+github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20230802225258-3cf4e6d46a89/go.mod h1:GKljq0VrfU4D5yc+2qA6OVr8pmO/MBbPEWqWQ/oqGEs=
+github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.9.2/go.mod h1:LkSXJKONWTCHAfQasKFUZI+mxqS4tZqhmtGzzhLsnLs=
+github.com/chromedp/sysutil v1.0.0/go.mod h1:kgWmDdq8fTzXYcKIBqIYvRRTnYb9aNS9moAV0xufSww=
+github.com/chzyer/logex v1.1.10/go.mod h1:+Ywpsq7O8HXn0nuIou7OrIPyXbp3wmkHB+jjWRnGsAI=
+github.com/chzyer/logex v1.2.1/go.mod h1:JLbx6lG2kDbNRFnfkgvh4eRJRPX1QCoOIWomwysCBrQ=
+github.com/chzyer/readline v0.0.0-20180603132655-2972be24d48e/go.mod h1:nSuG5e5PlCu98SY8svDHJxuZscDgtXS6KTTbou5AhLI=
+github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1/go.mod h1:Eh+b79XXUwfKfcPLepksvw2tcLE/Ct21YObkaSkeBlk=
+github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMnBNeIyt5eFwwo7qiLfzFZmjNmxjkiQlU=
+github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0/go.mod h1:2JlltgoNkt4TW/z9V/IzDdFaMTM2JPIi26O1pF38GC8=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4 h1:ta993UF76GwbvJcIo3Y68y/M3WxlpEHPWIGDkJYwzJI=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
-github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240423153145-555b57ec207b h1:ga8SEFjZ60pxLcmhnThWgvH2wg8376yUJmPhEH4H3kw=
-github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240423153145-555b57ec207b/go.mod h1:W+zGtBO5Y1IgJhy4+A9GOqVhqLpfZi+vwmdNXUehLA8=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 h1:yi21YpKnrx1gt5R+la8n5WgS0kCrsPp33dmEyHReZr4=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1/go.mod h1:irMmmIw/7yzSRPWryHsK7EYSg09caPQL03VsM8rvUec=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8iXXhfZs=
@@ -33,61 +43,121 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSs
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/docopt/docopt-go v0.0.0-20180111231733-ee0de3bc6815/go.mod h1:WwZ+bS3ebgob9U8Nd0kOddGdZWjyMGR8Wziv+TBNwSE=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
+github.com/elazarl/goproxy v0.0.0-20180725130230-947c36da3153/go.mod h1:/Zj4wYkgs4iZTTu3o/KG3Itv/qCCa8VVMlb3i9OVuzc=
+github.com/emicklei/go-restful v2.9.5+incompatible/go.mod h1:otzb+WCGbkyDHkqmQmT5YD2WR4BBwUdeQoFo8l/7tVs=
+github.com/emicklei/go-restful v2.15.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:otzb+WCGbkyDHkqmQmT5YD2WR4BBwUdeQoFo8l/7tVs=
+github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.8.0/go.mod h1:6n3XBCmQQb25CM2LCACGz8ukIrRry+4bhvbpWn3mrbc=
 github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 h1:rAQeMHw1c7zTmncogyy8VvRZwtkmkZ4FxERmMY4rD+g=
 github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0/go.mod h1:6n3XBCmQQb25CM2LCACGz8ukIrRry+4bhvbpWn3mrbc=
-github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4 h1:gVPz/FMfvh57HdSJQyvBtF00j8JU4zdyUgIUNhlgg0A=
-github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4/go.mod h1:qys6tmnRsYrQqIhm2bvKZH4Blx/1gTIZ2UKVY1M+Yew=
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 k8s.io/gengo/v2 v2.0.0-20240228010128-51d4e06bde70/go.mod h1:VH3AT8AaQOqiGjMF9p0/IM1Dj+82ZwjfxUP1IxaHE+8=
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+k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.120.1/go.mod h1:3Jpz1GvMt720eyJH1ckRHK1EDfpxISzJ7I9OYgaDtPE=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1 h1:n9Xl7H1Xvksem4KFG4PYbdQCQxqc/tTUyrgXaOhHSzk=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1/go.mod h1:3Jpz1GvMt720eyJH1ckRHK1EDfpxISzJ7I9OYgaDtPE=
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-k8s.io/kms v0.31.0/go.mod h1:OZKwl1fan3n3N5FFxnW5C4V3ygrah/3YXeJWS3O6+94=
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-k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20240228011516-70dd3763d340/go.mod h1:yD4MZYeKMBwQKVht279WycxKyM84kkAx2DPrTXaeb98=
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-k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20240711033017-18e509b52bc8/go.mod h1:OLgZIPagt7ERELqWJFomSt595RzquPNLL48iOWgYOg0=
-sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.30.3 h1:2770sDpzrjjsAtVhSeUFseziht227YAWYHLGNM8QPwY=
-sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.30.3/go.mod h1:Ve9uj1L+deCXFrPOk1LpFXqTg7LCFzFso6PA48q/XZw=
-sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd h1:EDPBXCAspyGV4jQlpZSudPeMmr1bNJefnuqLsRAsHZo=
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+k8s.io/metrics v0.32.0 h1:70qJ3ZS/9DrtH0UA0NVBI6gW2ip2GAn9e7NtoKERpns=
+k8s.io/metrics v0.32.0/go.mod h1:skdg9pDjVjCPIQqmc5rBzDL4noY64ORhKu9KCPv1+QI=
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+k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241210054802-24370beab758/go.mod h1:OLgZIPagt7ERELqWJFomSt595RzquPNLL48iOWgYOg0=
+kubevirt.io/api v1.3.0 h1:9sGElMmnRU50pGED+MPPD2OwQl4S5lvjCUjm+t0mI90=
+kubevirt.io/api v1.3.0/go.mod h1:e6LkElYZZm8NcP2gKlFVHZS9pgNhIARHIjSBSfeiP1s=
+kubevirt.io/client-go v1.3.0 h1:/HKn4exzwsctEVTwVtEFaeT9D2v4TgWr2SmxITVEZ/4=
+kubevirt.io/client-go v1.3.0/go.mod h1:qmcJZvUjbmggY1pp7irO3zesBJj7wwGIWAdnYEoh3yc=
+kubevirt.io/containerized-data-importer-api v1.60.1 h1:chmxuINvA7TPmIe8LpShCoKPxoegcKjkG9tYboFBs/U=
+kubevirt.io/containerized-data-importer-api v1.60.1/go.mod h1:8mwrkZIdy8j/LmCyKt2wFXbiMavLUIqDaegaIF67CZs=
+kubevirt.io/controller-lifecycle-operator-sdk/api v0.0.0-20220329064328-f3cc58c6ed90 h1:QMrd0nKP0BGbnxTqakhDZAUhGKxPiPiN5gSDqKUmGGc=
+kubevirt.io/controller-lifecycle-operator-sdk/api v0.0.0-20220329064328-f3cc58c6ed90/go.mod h1:018lASpFYBsYN6XwmA2TIrPCx6e0gviTd/ZNtSitKgc=
+sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.31.0 h1:CPT0ExVicCzcpeN4baWEV2ko2Z/AsiZgEdwgcfwLgMo=
+sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.31.0/go.mod h1:Ve9uj1L+deCXFrPOk1LpFXqTg7LCFzFso6PA48q/XZw=
+sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20211020170558-c049b76a60c6/go.mod h1:p4QtZmO4uMYipTQNzagwnNoseA6OxSUutVw05NhYDRs=
 sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd/go.mod h1:B8JuhiUyNFVKdsE8h686QcCxMaH6HrOAZj4vswFpcB0=
+sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241010143419-9aa6b5e7a4b3 h1:/Rv+M11QRah1itp8VhT6HoVx1Ray9eB4DBr+K+/sCJ8=
+sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241010143419-9aa6b5e7a4b3/go.mod h1:18nIHnGi6636UCz6m8i4DhaJ65T6EruyzmoQqI2BVDo=
 sigs.k8s.io/mdtoc v1.1.0 h1:q3YtqYzmC2e0hgLXRIOm7/QLuPux1CX3ZHCwlbABxZo=
 sigs.k8s.io/mdtoc v1.1.0/go.mod h1:QZLVEdHH2iNIR4uHAZyvFRtjloHgVItk8lo/mzCtq3w=
-sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.1 h1:150L+0vs/8DA78h1u02ooW1/fFq/Lwr+sGiqlzvrtq4=
-sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.1/go.mod h1:N8hJocpFajUSSeSJ9bOZ77VzejKZaXsTtZo4/u7Io08=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.2.1/go.mod h1:j/nl6xW8vLS49O8YvXW1ocPhZawJtm+Yrr7PPRQ0Vg4=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.2.3/go.mod h1:qjx8mGObPmV2aSZepjQjbmb2ihdVs8cGKBraizNC69E=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.2 h1:MdmvkGuXi/8io6ixD5wud3vOLwc1rj0aNqRlpuvjmwA=
+sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.2/go.mod h1:N8f93tFZh9U6vpxwRArLiikrE5/2tiu1w1AGfACIGE4=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.2.0/go.mod h1:yfXDCHCao9+ENCvLSE62v9VSji2MKu5jeNfTrofGhJc=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0/go.mod h1:GeOyir5tyXNByN85N/dRIT9es5UQNerPYEKK56eTBm8=
 sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 h1:Mk1wCc2gy/F0THH0TAp1QYyJNzRm2KCLy3o5ASXVI5E=
 sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:Ejl7/uTz7PSA4eKMyQCUTnhZYNmLIl+5c2lQPGR2BPY=
--- a/hack/lib/go.sh
+++ b/hack/lib/go.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 go::verify_version() {
  GO_VERSION=($(go version))

-  if [[ -z $(echo "${GO_VERSION[2]}" | grep -E 'go1.20|go1.21|go1.22') ]]; then
+  if [[ -z $(echo "${GO_VERSION[2]}" | grep -E 'go1.21|go1.22|go1.23') ]]; then
    echo "Unknown go version '${GO_VERSION[2]}', skipping gofmt."
    exit 1
  fi
--- a/hack/verify-vendor.sh
+++ b/hack/verify-vendor.sh
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pushd "${DESCHEDULER_ROOT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
    ret=1
  fi

-  if ! _out="$(diff -Naupr -x "BUILD" -x "AUTHORS*" -x "CONTRIBUTORS*" vendor "${_deschedulertmp}/vendor")"; then
+  if ! _out="$(diff -Naupr -x "BUILD" -x "AUTHORS*" -x "CONTRIBUTORS*" -x "README*" vendor "${_deschedulertmp}/vendor")"; then
    echo "Your vendored results are different:" >&2
    echo "${_out}" >&2
    echo "Vendor Verify failed." >&2
--- a/kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml
@@ -22,13 +22,19 @@ rules:
 - apiGroups: ["scheduling.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["priorityclasses"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
+- apiGroups: ["policy"]
+  resources: ["poddisruptionbudgets"]
+  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["leases"]
-  verbs: ["create"]
+  verbs: ["create", "update"]
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["leases"]
  resourceNames: ["descheduler"]
  verbs: ["get", "patch", "delete"]
+- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
+  resources: ["nodes", "pods"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list"]
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
--- a/kubernetes/cronjob/cronjob.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/cronjob/cronjob.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ spec:
          priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
          containers:
          - name: descheduler
-            image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.1
+            image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.0
            volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /policy-dir
              name: policy-volume
--- a/kubernetes/deployment/deployment.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/deployment/deployment.yaml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ spec:
      serviceAccountName: descheduler-sa
      containers:
        - name: descheduler
-          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.1
+          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          command:
            - "/bin/descheduler"
--- a/kubernetes/job/job.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/job/job.yaml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      containers:
        - name: descheduler
-          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.1
+          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.0
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /policy-dir
            name: policy-volume
--- a/pkg/api/types.go
+++ b/pkg/api/types.go
@@ -41,6 +41,13 @@ type DeschedulerPolicy struct {

 	// MaxNoOfPodsToTotal restricts maximum of pods to be evicted total.
 	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal *uint
+
+	// EvictionFailureEventNotification should be set to true to enable eviction failure event notification.
+	// Default is false.
+	EvictionFailureEventNotification *bool
+
+	// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
+	MetricsCollector MetricsCollector
 }

 // Namespaces carries a list of included/excluded namespaces
@@ -84,3 +91,10 @@ type PluginSet struct {
 	Enabled  []string
 	Disabled []string
 }
+
+// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
+type MetricsCollector struct {
+	// Enabled metrics collection from kubernetes metrics.
+	// Later, the collection can be extended to other providers.
+	Enabled bool
+}
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/types.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/types.go
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ type DeschedulerPolicy struct {

 	// MaxNoOfPodsToTotal restricts maximum of pods to be evicted total.
 	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal *uint `json:"maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal,omitempty"`
+
+	// EvictionFailureEventNotification should be set to true to enable eviction failure event notification.
+	// Default is false.
+	EvictionFailureEventNotification *bool
+
+	// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics for actual resource utilization
+	MetricsCollector MetricsCollector `json:"metricsCollector,omitempty"`
 }

 type DeschedulerProfile struct {
@@ -66,3 +73,10 @@ type PluginSet struct {
 	Enabled  []string `json:"enabled"`
 	Disabled []string `json:"disabled"`
 }
+
+// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
+type MetricsCollector struct {
+	// Enabled metrics collection from kubernetes metrics.
+	// Later, the collection can be extended to other providers.
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+}
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.conversion.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.conversion.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -46,6 +46,16 @@ func RegisterConversions(s *runtime.Scheme) error {
 	}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*MetricsCollector)(nil), (*api.MetricsCollector)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(a.(*MetricsCollector), b.(*api.MetricsCollector), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.MetricsCollector)(nil), (*MetricsCollector)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(a.(*api.MetricsCollector), b.(*MetricsCollector), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.PluginConfig)(nil), (*PluginConfig)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
 		return Convert_api_PluginConfig_To_v1alpha2_PluginConfig(a.(*api.PluginConfig), b.(*PluginConfig), scope)
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -105,6 +115,10 @@ func autoConvert_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy_To_api_DeschedulerPolicy(in *Desched
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal))
+	out.EvictionFailureEventNotification = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(in.EvictionFailureEventNotification))
+	if err := Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(&in.MetricsCollector, &out.MetricsCollector, s); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -124,6 +138,10 @@ func autoConvert_api_DeschedulerPolicy_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy(in *api.Des
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal))
+	out.EvictionFailureEventNotification = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(in.EvictionFailureEventNotification))
+	if err := Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(&in.MetricsCollector, &out.MetricsCollector, s); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -175,6 +193,26 @@ func Convert_api_DeschedulerProfile_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerProfile(in *api.Desch
 	return autoConvert_api_DeschedulerProfile_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerProfile(in, out, s)
 }

+func autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in *MetricsCollector, out *api.MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Enabled = in.Enabled
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in *MetricsCollector, out *api.MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in *api.MetricsCollector, out *MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Enabled = in.Enabled
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in *api.MetricsCollector, out *MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in, out, s)
+}
+
 func autoConvert_v1alpha2_PluginConfig_To_api_PluginConfig(in *PluginConfig, out *api.PluginConfig, s conversion.Scope) error {
 	out.Name = in.Name
 	if err := runtime.Convert_runtime_RawExtension_To_runtime_Object(&in.Args, &out.Args, s); err != nil {
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 		*out = new(uint)
 		**out = **in
 	}
+	if in.EvictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
+		in, out := &in.EvictionFailureEventNotification, &out.EvictionFailureEventNotification
+		*out = new(bool)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	out.MetricsCollector = in.MetricsCollector
 	return
 }

@@ -101,6 +107,22 @@ func (in *DeschedulerProfile) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerProfile {
 	return out
 }

+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsCollector) {
+	*out = *in
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsCollector.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopy() *MetricsCollector {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(MetricsCollector)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *PluginConfig) DeepCopyInto(out *PluginConfig) {
 	*out = *in
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/api/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/api/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 		*out = new(uint)
 		**out = **in
 	}
+	if in.EvictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
+		in, out := &in.EvictionFailureEventNotification, &out.EvictionFailureEventNotification
+		*out = new(bool)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	out.MetricsCollector = in.MetricsCollector
 	return
 }

@@ -101,6 +107,22 @@ func (in *DeschedulerProfile) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerProfile {
 	return out
 }

+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsCollector) {
+	*out = *in
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsCollector.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopy() *MetricsCollector {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(MetricsCollector)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *Namespaces) DeepCopyInto(out *Namespaces) {
 	*out = *in
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.conversion.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.conversion.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/descheduler/client/client.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/client/client.go
@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ package client
 import (
 	"fmt"

-	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
-
 	// Ensure to load all auth plugins.
+	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	_ "k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
+	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
 )

-func CreateClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+func createConfig(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (*rest.Config, error) {
 	var cfg *rest.Config
 	if len(clientConnection.Kubeconfig) != 0 {
 		master, err := GetMasterFromKubeconfig(clientConnection.Kubeconfig)
@@ -56,9 +56,28 @@ func CreateClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfigura
 		cfg = rest.AddUserAgent(cfg, userAgt)
 	}

+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func CreateClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+	cfg, err := createConfig(clientConnection, userAgt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create config: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	return clientset.NewForConfig(cfg)
 }

+func CreateMetricsClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (metricsclient.Interface, error) {
+	cfg, err := createConfig(clientConnection, userAgt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create the metrics clientset to access the metrics.k8s.io API
+	return metricsclient.NewForConfig(cfg)
+}
+
 func GetMasterFromKubeconfig(filename string) (string, error) {
 	config, err := clientcmd.LoadFromFile(filename)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/pkg/descheduler/descheduler.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/descheduler.go
@@ -25,41 +25,41 @@ import (

 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	schedulingv1 "k8s.io/api/scheduling/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+	utilversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/version"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/discovery"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
+	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"

-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	utilversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/version"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
-	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
-	listersv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
-	schedulingv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/scheduling/v1"
-	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
-
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
-	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
-	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/version"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
+	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
 	frameworkprofile "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/profile"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/version"
 )

 type eprunner func(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status
@@ -71,54 +71,122 @@ type profileRunner struct {

 type descheduler struct {
 	rs                     *options.DeschedulerServer
-	podLister              listersv1.PodLister
-	nodeLister             listersv1.NodeLister
-	namespaceLister        listersv1.NamespaceLister
-	priorityClassLister    schedulingv1.PriorityClassLister
+	ir                     *informerResources
 	getPodsAssignedToNode  podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
 	sharedInformerFactory  informers.SharedInformerFactory
 	deschedulerPolicy      *api.DeschedulerPolicy
 	eventRecorder          events.EventRecorder
 	podEvictor             *evictions.PodEvictor
 	podEvictionReactionFnc func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error)
+	metricsCollector       *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
 }

-func newDescheduler(rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string, eventRecorder events.EventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) (*descheduler, error) {
+type informerResources struct {
+	sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory
+	resourceToInformer    map[schema.GroupVersionResource]informers.GenericInformer
+}
+
+func newInformerResources(sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) *informerResources {
+	return &informerResources{
+		sharedInformerFactory: sharedInformerFactory,
+		resourceToInformer:    make(map[schema.GroupVersionResource]informers.GenericInformer),
+	}
+}
+
+func (ir *informerResources) Uses(resources ...schema.GroupVersionResource) error {
+	for _, resource := range resources {
+		informer, err := ir.sharedInformerFactory.ForResource(resource)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		ir.resourceToInformer[resource] = informer
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CopyTo Copy informer subscriptions to the new factory and objects to the fake client so that the backing caches are populated for when listers are used.
+func (ir *informerResources) CopyTo(fakeClient *fakeclientset.Clientset, newFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) error {
+	for resource, informer := range ir.resourceToInformer {
+		_, err := newFactory.ForResource(resource)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error getting resource %s: %w", resource, err)
+		}
+
+		objects, err := informer.Lister().List(labels.Everything())
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error listing %s: %w", informer, err)
+		}
+
+		for _, object := range objects {
+			fakeClient.Tracker().Add(object)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newDescheduler(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string, eventRecorder events.EventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory,
+) (*descheduler, error) {
 	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
-	podLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Lister()
-	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
-	namespaceLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Namespaces().Lister()
-	priorityClassLister := sharedInformerFactory.Scheduling().V1().PriorityClasses().Lister()
+
+	ir := newInformerResources(sharedInformerFactory)
+	ir.Uses(v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("pods"),
+		v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("nodes"),
+		// Future work could be to let each plugin declare what type of resources it needs; that way dry runs would stay
+		// consistent with the real runs without having to keep the list here in sync.
+		v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("namespaces"),                 // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+		schedulingv1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("priorityclasses"),  // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+		policyv1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("poddisruptionbudgets"), // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+
+	) // Used by the defaultevictor plugin

 	getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
 	}

-	podEvictor := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
-		nil,
+	podEvictor, err := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
+		ctx,
+		rs.Client,
 		eventRecorder,
+		podInformer,
+		rs.DefaultFeatureGates,
 		evictions.NewOptions().
 			WithPolicyGroupVersion(evictionPolicyGroupVersion).
 			WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode).
 			WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNamespace(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace).
 			WithMaxPodsToEvictTotal(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal).
+			WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(deschedulerPolicy.EvictionFailureEventNotification).
 			WithDryRun(rs.DryRun).
 			WithMetricsEnabled(!rs.DisableMetrics),
 	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var metricsCollector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
+	if deschedulerPolicy.MetricsCollector.Enabled {
+		nodeSelector := labels.Everything()
+		if deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector != nil {
+			sel, err := labels.Parse(*deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			nodeSelector = sel
+		}
+		metricsCollector = metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister(), rs.MetricsClient, nodeSelector)
+	}

 	return &descheduler{
 		rs:                     rs,
-		podLister:              podLister,
-		nodeLister:             nodeLister,
-		namespaceLister:        namespaceLister,
-		priorityClassLister:    priorityClassLister,
+		ir:                     ir,
 		getPodsAssignedToNode:  getPodsAssignedToNode,
 		sharedInformerFactory:  sharedInformerFactory,
 		deschedulerPolicy:      deschedulerPolicy,
 		eventRecorder:          eventRecorder,
 		podEvictor:             podEvictor,
 		podEvictionReactionFnc: podEvictionReactionFnc,
+		metricsCollector:       metricsCollector,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -146,13 +214,14 @@ func (d *descheduler) runDeschedulerLoop(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 		fakeClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset()
 		// simulate a pod eviction by deleting a pod
 		fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods", d.podEvictionReactionFnc(fakeClient))
-		err := cachedClient(d.rs.Client, fakeClient, d.podLister, d.nodeLister, d.namespaceLister, d.priorityClassLister)
+		fakeSharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+
+		err := d.ir.CopyTo(fakeClient, fakeSharedInformerFactory)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// create a new instance of the shared informer factor from the cached client
-		fakeSharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
 		// register the pod informer, otherwise it will not get running
 		d.getPodsAssignedToNode, err = podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(fakeSharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer())
 		if err != nil {
@@ -176,7 +245,7 @@ func (d *descheduler) runDeschedulerLoop(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)

 	d.runProfiles(ctx, client, nodes)

-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of evicted pods", "totalEvicted", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted())
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of evictions/requests", "totalEvicted", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(), "evictionRequests", d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests())

 	return nil
 }
@@ -197,6 +266,7 @@ func (d *descheduler) runProfiles(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interfac
 			frameworkprofile.WithSharedInformerFactory(d.sharedInformerFactory),
 			frameworkprofile.WithPodEvictor(d.podEvictor),
 			frameworkprofile.WithGetPodsAssignedToNodeFnc(d.getPodsAssignedToNode),
+			frameworkprofile.WithMetricsCollector(d.metricsCollector),
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to create a profile", "profile", profile.Name)
@@ -261,6 +331,14 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
 		return err
 	}

+	if deschedulerPolicy.MetricsCollector.Enabled {
+		metricsClient, err := client.CreateMetricsClient(clientConnection, "descheduler")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rs.MetricsClient = metricsClient
+	}
+
 	runFn := func() error {
 		return RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion)
 	}
@@ -336,62 +414,6 @@ func podEvictionReactionFnc(fakeClient *fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action cor
 	}
 }

-func cachedClient(
-	realClient clientset.Interface,
-	fakeClient *fakeclientset.Clientset,
-	podLister listersv1.PodLister,
-	nodeLister listersv1.NodeLister,
-	namespaceLister listersv1.NamespaceLister,
-	priorityClassLister schedulingv1.PriorityClassLister,
-) error {
-	klog.V(3).Infof("Pulling resources for the cached client from the cluster")
-	pods, err := podLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to list pods: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range pods {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.CoreV1().Pods(item.Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to copy pod: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := nodeLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to list nodes: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range nodes {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.CoreV1().Nodes().Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to copy node: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	namespaces, err := namespaceLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to list namespaces: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range namespaces {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to copy namespace: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	priorityClasses, err := priorityClassLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to list priorityclasses: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range priorityClasses {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.SchedulingV1().PriorityClasses().Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to copy priorityclass: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string) error {
 	var span trace.Span
 	ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "RunDeschedulerStrategies")
@@ -413,7 +435,7 @@ func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer
 	eventBroadcaster, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, eventClient)
 	defer eventBroadcaster.Shutdown()

-	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion, eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
+	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(ctx, rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion, eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
 	if err != nil {
 		span.AddEvent("Failed to create new descheduler", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 		return err
@@ -423,12 +445,28 @@ func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer

 	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
 	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+	descheduler.podEvictor.WaitForEventHandlersSync(ctx)
+
+	if deschedulerPolicy.MetricsCollector.Enabled {
+		go func() {
+			klog.V(2).Infof("Starting metrics collector")
+			descheduler.metricsCollector.Run(ctx)
+			klog.V(2).Infof("Stopped metrics collector")
+		}()
+		klog.V(2).Infof("Waiting for metrics collector to sync")
+		if err := wait.PollWithContext(ctx, time.Second, time.Minute, func(context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
+			return descheduler.metricsCollector.HasSynced(), nil
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for metrics collector to sync: %v", err)
+		}
+	}

 	wait.NonSlidingUntil(func() {
 		// A next context is created here intentionally to avoid nesting the spans via context.
 		sCtx, sSpan := tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "NonSlidingUntil")
 		defer sSpan.End()
-		nodes, err := nodeutil.ReadyNodes(sCtx, rs.Client, descheduler.nodeLister, nodeSelector)
+
+		nodes, err := nodeutil.ReadyNodes(sCtx, rs.Client, descheduler.sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister(), nodeSelector)
 		if err != nil {
 			sSpan.AddEvent("Failed to detect ready nodes", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 			klog.Error(err)
--- a/pkg/descheduler/descheduler_test.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/descheduler_test.go
@@ -2,25 +2,38 @@ package descheduler

 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
 	apiversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/version"
 	fakediscovery "k8s.io/client-go/discovery/fake"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
@@ -28,11 +41,34 @@ import (
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

+var (
+	podEvictionError     = errors.New("PodEvictionError")
+	tooManyRequestsError = &apierrors.StatusError{
+		ErrStatus: metav1.Status{
+			Status:  metav1.StatusFailure,
+			Code:    http.StatusTooManyRequests,
+			Reason:  metav1.StatusReasonTooManyRequests,
+			Message: "admission webhook \"virt-launcher-eviction-interceptor.kubevirt.io\" denied the request: Eviction triggered evacuation of VMI",
+		},
+	}
+	nodesgvr = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+	podsgvr  = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "pods"}
+)
+
+func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	return featureGates
+}
+
 func initPluginRegistry() {
 	pluginregistry.PluginRegistry = pluginregistry.NewRegistry()
 	pluginregistry.Register(removeduplicates.PluginName, removeduplicates.New, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicates{}, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{}, removeduplicates.ValidateRemoveDuplicatesArgs, removeduplicates.SetDefaults_RemoveDuplicatesArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
 	pluginregistry.Register(defaultevictor.PluginName, defaultevictor.New, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictor{}, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{}, defaultevictor.ValidateDefaultEvictorArgs, defaultevictor.SetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
 	pluginregistry.Register(removepodsviolatingnodetaints.PluginName, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.New, &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints{}, &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs{}, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.ValidateRemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.SetDefaults_RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
+	pluginregistry.Register(nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName, nodeutilization.NewLowNodeUtilization, &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilization{}, &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{}, nodeutilization.ValidateLowNodeUtilizationArgs, nodeutilization.SetDefaults_LowNodeUtilizationArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
 }

 func removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy() *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
@@ -99,7 +135,45 @@ func removeDuplicatesPolicy() *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
 	}
 }

-func initDescheduler(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, internalDeschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, objects ...runtime.Object) (*options.DeschedulerServer, *descheduler, *fakeclientset.Clientset) {
+func lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(thresholds, targetThresholds api.ResourceThresholds, metricsEnabled bool) *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &api.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []api.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []api.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
+						Args: &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
+							Thresholds:       thresholds,
+							TargetThresholds: targetThresholds,
+							MetricsUtilization: nodeutilization.MetricsUtilization{
+								MetricsServer: metricsEnabled,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: api.Plugins{
+					Filter: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Balance: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func initDescheduler(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, featureGates featuregate.FeatureGate, internalDeschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, metricsClient metricsclient.Interface, objects ...runtime.Object) (*options.DeschedulerServer, *descheduler, *fakeclientset.Clientset) {
 	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(objects...)
 	eventClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(objects...)

@@ -109,11 +183,13 @@ func initDescheduler(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, internalDeschedulerPolic
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = featureGates
+	rs.MetricsClient = metricsClient

 	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactoryWithOptions(rs.Client, 0, informers.WithTransform(trimManagedFields))
 	eventBroadcaster, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, client)

-	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(rs, internalDeschedulerPolicy, "v1", eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
+	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(ctx, rs, internalDeschedulerPolicy, "v1", eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
 	if err != nil {
 		eventBroadcaster.Shutdown()
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create a descheduler instance: %v", err)
@@ -144,6 +220,7 @@ func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

 	pods, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -167,7 +244,7 @@ func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))

 	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy(), "v1"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to run descheduler strategies: %v", err)
@@ -206,6 +283,7 @@ func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

 	pods, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -217,7 +295,7 @@ func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))

 	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, removeDuplicatesPolicy(), "v1"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to run descheduler strategies: %v", err)
@@ -245,6 +323,7 @@ func TestRootCancel(t *testing.T) {
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
 	rs.DeschedulingInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	defer close(errChan)

@@ -280,6 +359,7 @@ func TestRootCancelWithNoInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
 	rs.DeschedulingInterval = 0
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	defer close(errChan)

@@ -358,7 +438,7 @@ func TestValidateVersionCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(evictedPods *[]string) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+func podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(evictedPods *[]string, isEvictionsInBackground func(podName string) bool, evictionErr error) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
 	return func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
 		if action.GetSubresource() == "eviction" {
 			createAct, matched := action.(core.CreateActionImpl)
@@ -366,7 +446,14 @@ func podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(evictedPods *[]string) func(action core.Actio
 				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert action to core.CreateActionImpl")
 			}
 			if eviction, matched := createAct.Object.(*policy.Eviction); matched {
+				if isEvictionsInBackground != nil && isEvictionsInBackground(eviction.GetName()) {
+					return true, nil, tooManyRequestsError
+				}
+				if evictionErr != nil {
+					return true, nil, evictionErr
+				}
 				*evictedPods = append(*evictedPods, eviction.GetName())
+				return true, nil, nil
 			}
 		}
 		return false, nil, nil // fallback to the default reactor
@@ -402,15 +489,15 @@ func TestPodEvictorReset(t *testing.T) {

 	internalDeschedulerPolicy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
 	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	rs, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, internalDeschedulerPolicy, node1, node2, p1, p2)
+	rs, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, initFeatureGates(), internalDeschedulerPolicy, nil, node1, node2, p1, p2)
 	defer cancel()

 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))

 	var fakeEvictedPods []string
 	descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods)
+		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, nil)
 	}

 	// a single pod eviction expected
@@ -453,6 +540,138 @@ func TestPodEvictorReset(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func checkTotals(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, descheduler *descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted uint) {
+	if total := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); total != totalEvictionRequests {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total eviction requests, got %v instead", totalEvictionRequests, total)
+	}
+	if total := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); total != totalEvicted {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total evictions, got %v instead", totalEvicted, total)
+	}
+	t.Logf("Total evictions: %v, total eviction requests: %v, total evictions and eviction requests: %v", totalEvicted, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted+totalEvictionRequests)
+}
+
+func runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node, descheduler *descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted uint) {
+	err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	checkTotals(t, ctx, descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted)
+}
+
+func TestEvictionRequestsCache(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, taintNodeNoSchedule)
+	node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.Namespace = "dev"
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+		pod.Status.Phase = v1.PodRunning
+	}
+	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		updatePod(pod)
+		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
+			evictions.EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
+		}
+	}
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p5 := test.BuildTestPod("p5", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+
+	internalDeschedulerPolicy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
+	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, featureGates, internalDeschedulerPolicy, nil, node1, node2, p1, p2, p3, p4)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var fakeEvictedPods []string
+	descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, podEvictionError)
+	}
+
+	var evictedPods []string
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, func(name string) bool { return name == "p1" || name == "p2" }, nil))
+
+	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
+	// No evicted pod is actually deleted on purpose so the test can run the descheduling cycle repeatedly
+	// without recreating the pods.
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background got initiated")
+	p2.Annotations[evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey] = ""
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Another eviction in background got initiated")
+	p1.Annotations[evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey] = ""
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p1, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background completed")
+	if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), p1.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: A new pod without eviction in background added")
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p5.Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), p5, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions increased after running a descheduling cycle")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 3)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background canceled => eviction in progress annotation removed")
+	delete(p2.Annotations, evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey)
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
+	checkTotals(t, ctx, descheduler, 0, 3)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Re-run the descheduling cycle to re-request eviction in background")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 3)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background completed with a pod in completed state")
+	p2.Status.Phase = v1.PodSucceeded
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 0, 3)
+}
+
 func TestDeschedulingLimits(t *testing.T) {
 	initPluginRegistry()

@@ -496,6 +715,13 @@ func TestDeschedulingLimits(t *testing.T) {
 		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
 	}

+	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		updatePod(pod)
+		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
+			evictions.EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
+		}
+	}
+
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx := context.Background()
@@ -503,39 +729,137 @@ func TestDeschedulingLimits(t *testing.T) {
 			node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
 			nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
 			ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, tc.policy, node1, node2)
+			featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+			featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+				features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+			})
+			_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, featureGates, tc.policy, nil, node1, node2)
 			defer cancel()

+			var fakeEvictedPods []string
+			descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+				return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, podEvictionError)
+			}
+
+			var evictedPods []string
+			client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, func(name string) bool { return name == "p1" || name == "p2" }, nil))
+
+			rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
 			pods := []*v1.Pod{
-				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p5", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
 			}

-			for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
-				idx := j
-				if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), pods[idx], metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
-				}
-				defer func() {
-					if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), pods[idx].Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
-						t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
+			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+				rand.Shuffle(len(pods), func(i, j int) { pods[i], pods[j] = pods[j], pods[i] })
+				func() {
+					for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
+						idx := j
+						if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), pods[idx], metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+							t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
+						}
+						defer func() {
+							if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), pods[idx].Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+								t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
+							}
+						}()
 					}
+					time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+					klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
+					err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+					}
+					totalERs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()
+					totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+					if totalERs+totalEs > tc.limit {
+						t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions and eviction requests in total, got %v instead", tc.limit, totalERs+totalEs)
+					}
+					t.Logf("Total evictions and eviction requests: %v (er=%v, e=%v)", totalERs+totalEs, totalERs, totalEs)
 				}()
 			}
-			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-			err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
-			}
-			totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
-			if totalEs > tc.limit {
-				t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions in total, got %v instead", tc.limit, totalEs)
-			}
-			t.Logf("Total evictions: %v", totalEs)
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestLoadAwareDescheduling(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, taintNodeNoSchedule)
+	node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p5 := test.BuildTestPod("p5", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+
+	nodemetricses := []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+		test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 2400, 3000),
+		test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 400, 0),
+	}
+
+	podmetricses := []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 400, 0),
+	}
+
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	for _, nodemetrics := range nodemetricses {
+		metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, nodemetrics, "")
+	}
+	for _, podmetrics := range podmetricses {
+		metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(podsgvr, podmetrics, podmetrics.Namespace)
+	}
+
+	policy := lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(
+		api.ResourceThresholds{
+			v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
+			v1.ResourcePods: 30,
+		},
+		api.ResourceThresholds{
+			v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
+			v1.ResourcePods: 50,
+		},
+		true, // enabled metrics utilization
+	)
+	policy.MetricsCollector.Enabled = true
+
+	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	_, descheduler, _ := initDescheduler(
+		t,
+		ctxCancel,
+		initFeatureGates(),
+		policy,
+		metricsClientset,
+		node1, node2, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// This needs to be run since the metrics collector is started
+	// after newDescheduler in RunDeschedulerStrategies.
+	descheduler.metricsCollector.Collect(ctx)
+
+	err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+	if totalEs != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions in total, got %v instead", 2, totalEs)
+	}
+	t.Logf("Total evictions: %v", totalEs)
+}
--- a/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions.go
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ package evictions
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"time"

 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
@@ -27,15 +29,176 @@ import (
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"

+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
 	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 )

+var (
+	assumedEvictionRequestTimeoutSeconds uint          = 10 * 60 // 10 minutes
+	evictionRequestsCacheResyncPeriod    time.Duration = 10 * time.Minute
+	// syncedPollPeriod controls how often you look at the status of your sync funcs
+	syncedPollPeriod = 100 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+type evictionRequestItem struct {
+	podName, podNamespace, podNodeName string
+	evictionAssumed                    bool
+	assumedTimestamp                   metav1.Time
+}
+
+type evictionRequestsCache struct {
+	mu                           sync.RWMutex
+	requests                     map[string]evictionRequestItem
+	requestsPerNode              map[string]uint
+	requestsPerNamespace         map[string]uint
+	requestsTotal                uint
+	assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds uint
+}
+
+func newEvictionRequestsCache(assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds uint) *evictionRequestsCache {
+	return &evictionRequestsCache{
+		requests:                     make(map[string]evictionRequestItem),
+		requestsPerNode:              make(map[string]uint),
+		requestsPerNamespace:         make(map[string]uint),
+		assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds: assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds,
+	}
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) run(ctx context.Context) {
+	wait.UntilWithContext(ctx, erc.cleanCache, evictionRequestsCacheResyncPeriod)
+}
+
+// cleanCache removes all assumed entries that has not been confirmed
+// for more than a specified timeout
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) cleanCache(ctx context.Context) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	klog.V(4).Infof("Cleaning cache of assumed eviction requests in background")
+	for uid, item := range erc.requests {
+		if item.evictionAssumed {
+			requestAgeSeconds := uint(metav1.Now().Sub(item.assumedTimestamp.Local()).Seconds())
+			if requestAgeSeconds > erc.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds {
+				klog.V(4).InfoS("Assumed eviction request in background timed out, deleting", "timeout", erc.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds, "podNamespace", item.podNamespace, "podName", item.podName)
+				erc.deleteItem(uid)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsPerNode(nodeName string) uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return erc.requestsPerNode[nodeName]
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns string) uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return erc.requestsPerNamespace[ns]
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsTotal() uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return erc.requestsTotal
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) TotalEvictionRequests() uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return uint(len(erc.requests))
+}
+
+// getPodKey returns the string key of a pod.
+func getPodKey(pod *v1.Pod) string {
+	uid := string(pod.UID)
+	// Every pod is expected to have the UID set.
+	// When the descheduling framework is used for simulation
+	// user created workload may forget to set the UID.
+	if len(uid) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot get cache key for %v/%v pod with empty UID", pod.Namespace, pod.Name))
+	}
+	return uid
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) addPod(pod *v1.Pod) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
+		return
+	}
+	erc.requests[uid] = evictionRequestItem{podNamespace: pod.Namespace, podName: pod.Name, podNodeName: pod.Spec.NodeName}
+	erc.requestsPerNode[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
+	erc.requestsPerNamespace[pod.Namespace]++
+	erc.requestsTotal++
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) assumePod(pod *v1.Pod) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
+		return
+	}
+	erc.requests[uid] = evictionRequestItem{
+		podNamespace:     pod.Namespace,
+		podName:          pod.Name,
+		podNodeName:      pod.Spec.NodeName,
+		evictionAssumed:  true,
+		assumedTimestamp: metav1.NewTime(time.Now()),
+	}
+	erc.requestsPerNode[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
+	erc.requestsPerNamespace[pod.Namespace]++
+	erc.requestsTotal++
+}
+
+// no locking, expected to be invoked from protected methods only
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) deleteItem(uid string) {
+	erc.requestsPerNode[erc.requests[uid].podNodeName]--
+	if erc.requestsPerNode[erc.requests[uid].podNodeName] == 0 {
+		delete(erc.requestsPerNode, erc.requests[uid].podNodeName)
+	}
+	erc.requestsPerNamespace[erc.requests[uid].podNamespace]--
+	if erc.requestsPerNamespace[erc.requests[uid].podNamespace] == 0 {
+		delete(erc.requestsPerNamespace, erc.requests[uid].podNamespace)
+	}
+	erc.requestsTotal--
+	delete(erc.requests, uid)
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) deletePod(pod *v1.Pod) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
+		erc.deleteItem(uid)
+	}
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) hasPod(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	_, exists := erc.requests[uid]
+	return exists
+}
+
+var (
+	EvictionRequestAnnotationKey    = "descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/request-evict-only"
+	EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey = "descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/eviction-in-progress"
+	EvictionInBackgroundErrorText   = "Eviction triggered evacuation"
+)
+
 // nodePodEvictedCount keeps count of pods evicted on node
 type (
 	nodePodEvictedCount    map[string]uint
@@ -43,54 +206,184 @@ type (
 )

 type PodEvictor struct {
-	mu                         sync.Mutex
-	client                     clientset.Interface
-	policyGroupVersion         string
-	dryRun                     bool
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNode      *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictTotal        *uint
-	nodePodCount               nodePodEvictedCount
-	namespacePodCount          namespacePodEvictCount
-	totalPodCount              uint
-	metricsEnabled             bool
-	eventRecorder              events.EventRecorder
+	mu                               sync.RWMutex
+	client                           clientset.Interface
+	policyGroupVersion               string
+	dryRun                           bool
+	evictionFailureEventNotification bool
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
+	nodePodCount                     nodePodEvictedCount
+	namespacePodCount                namespacePodEvictCount
+	totalPodCount                    uint
+	metricsEnabled                   bool
+	eventRecorder                    events.EventRecorder
+	erCache                          *evictionRequestsCache
+	featureGates                     featuregate.FeatureGate
+
+	// registeredHandlers contains the registrations of all handlers. It's used to check if all handlers have finished syncing before the scheduling cycles start.
+	registeredHandlers []cache.ResourceEventHandlerRegistration
 }

 func NewPodEvictor(
+	ctx context.Context,
 	client clientset.Interface,
 	eventRecorder events.EventRecorder,
+	podInformer cache.SharedIndexInformer,
+	featureGates featuregate.FeatureGate,
 	options *Options,
-) *PodEvictor {
+) (*PodEvictor, error) {
 	if options == nil {
 		options = NewOptions()
 	}

-	return &PodEvictor{
-		client:                     client,
-		eventRecorder:              eventRecorder,
-		policyGroupVersion:         options.policyGroupVersion,
-		dryRun:                     options.dryRun,
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      options.maxPodsToEvictPerNode,
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: options.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace,
-		maxPodsToEvictTotal:        options.maxPodsToEvictTotal,
-		metricsEnabled:             options.metricsEnabled,
-		nodePodCount:               make(nodePodEvictedCount),
-		namespacePodCount:          make(namespacePodEvictCount),
+	podEvictor := &PodEvictor{
+		client:                           client,
+		eventRecorder:                    eventRecorder,
+		policyGroupVersion:               options.policyGroupVersion,
+		dryRun:                           options.dryRun,
+		evictionFailureEventNotification: options.evictionFailureEventNotification,
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            options.maxPodsToEvictPerNode,
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       options.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace,
+		maxPodsToEvictTotal:              options.maxPodsToEvictTotal,
+		metricsEnabled:                   options.metricsEnabled,
+		nodePodCount:                     make(nodePodEvictedCount),
+		namespacePodCount:                make(namespacePodEvictCount),
+		featureGates:                     featureGates,
 	}
+
+	if featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		erCache := newEvictionRequestsCache(assumedEvictionRequestTimeoutSeconds)
+
+		handlerRegistration, err := podInformer.AddEventHandler(
+			cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
+				AddFunc: func(obj interface{}) {
+					pod, ok := obj.(*v1.Pod)
+					if !ok {
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", obj)
+						return
+					}
+					if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
+						if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; exists {
+							// Ignore completed/suceeeded or failed pods
+							if pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodSucceeded && pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodFailed {
+								klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background detected. Adding pod to the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+								erCache.addPod(pod)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				},
+				UpdateFunc: func(oldObj, newObj interface{}) {
+					oldPod, ok := oldObj.(*v1.Pod)
+					if !ok {
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert oldObj to *v1.Pod", "oldObj", oldObj)
+						return
+					}
+					newPod, ok := newObj.(*v1.Pod)
+					if !ok {
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert newObj to *v1.Pod", "newObj", newObj)
+						return
+					}
+					// Ignore pod's that are not subject to an eviction in background
+					if _, exists := newPod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; !exists {
+						if erCache.hasPod(newPod) {
+							klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background lost annotation. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+						}
+						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
+						return
+					}
+					// Remove completed/suceeeded or failed pods from the cache
+					if newPod.Status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded || newPod.Status.Phase == v1.PodFailed {
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background completed. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
+						return
+					}
+					// Ignore any pod that does not have eviction in progress
+					if _, exists := newPod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; !exists {
+						// In case EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey annotation is not present/removed
+						// it's unclear whether the eviction was restarted or terminated.
+						// If the eviction gets restarted the pod needs to be removed from the cache
+						// to allow re-triggering the eviction.
+						if _, exists := oldPod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; !exists {
+							return
+						}
+						// the annotation was removed -> remove the pod from the cache to allow to
+						// request for eviction again. In case the eviction got restarted requesting
+						// the eviction again is expected to be a no-op. In case the eviction
+						// got terminated with no-retry, requesting a new eviction is a normal
+						// operation.
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background canceled (annotation removed). Removing pod from the cache.", "annotation", EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey, "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
+						return
+					}
+					// Pick up the eviction in progress
+					if !erCache.hasPod(newPod) {
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background detected. Updating the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+					}
+					erCache.addPod(newPod)
+				},
+				DeleteFunc: func(obj interface{}) {
+					var pod *v1.Pod
+					switch t := obj.(type) {
+					case *v1.Pod:
+						pod = t
+					case cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown:
+						var ok bool
+						pod, ok = t.Obj.(*v1.Pod)
+						if !ok {
+							klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", t.Obj)
+							return
+						}
+					default:
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", t)
+						return
+					}
+					if erCache.hasPod(pod) {
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background deleted/evicted. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+					}
+					erCache.deletePod(pod)
+				},
+			},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to register event handler for pod evictor: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		podEvictor.registeredHandlers = append(podEvictor.registeredHandlers, handlerRegistration)
+
+		go erCache.run(ctx)
+
+		podEvictor.erCache = erCache
+	}
+
+	return podEvictor, nil
+}
+
+// WaitForEventHandlersSync waits for EventHandlers to sync.
+// It returns true if it was successful, false if the controller should shut down
+func (pe *PodEvictor) WaitForEventHandlersSync(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return wait.PollUntilContextCancel(ctx, syncedPollPeriod, true, func(ctx context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
+		for _, handler := range pe.registeredHandlers {
+			if !handler.HasSynced() {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	})
 }

 // NodeEvicted gives a number of pods evicted for node
 func (pe *PodEvictor) NodeEvicted(node *v1.Node) uint {
-	pe.mu.Lock()
-	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
 	return pe.nodePodCount[node.Name]
 }

 // TotalEvicted gives a number of pods evicted through all nodes
 func (pe *PodEvictor) TotalEvicted() uint {
-	pe.mu.Lock()
-	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
 	return pe.totalPodCount
 }

@@ -108,6 +401,46 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) SetClient(client clientset.Interface) {
 	pe.client = client
 }

+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsTotal() uint {
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsTotal()
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsPerNode(node string) uint {
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsPerNode(node)
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns string) uint {
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns)
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictionRequests(node *v1.Node) uint {
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	return pe.evictionRequestsTotal()
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) TotalEvictionRequests() uint {
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.TotalEvictionRequests()
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
 // EvictOptions provides a handle for passing additional info to EvictPod
 type EvictOptions struct {
 	// Reason allows for passing details about the specific eviction for logging.
@@ -121,45 +454,70 @@ type EvictOptions struct {
 // EvictPod evicts a pod while exercising eviction limits.
 // Returns true when the pod is evicted on the server side.
 func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptions) error {
+	if len(pod.UID) == 0 {
+		klog.InfoS("Ignoring pod eviction due to missing UID", "pod", pod)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Pod %v is missing UID", klog.KObj(pod))
+	}
+
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		// eviction in background requested
+		if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
+			if pe.erCache.hasPod(pod) {
+				klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background already requested (ignoring)", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	pe.mu.Lock()
 	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
+
 	var span trace.Span
 	ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "EvictPod", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("podName", pod.Name), attribute.String("podNamespace", pod.Namespace), attribute.String("reason", opts.Reason), attribute.String("operation", tracing.EvictOperation)))
 	defer span.End()

-	if pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal != nil && pe.totalPodCount+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal {
+	if pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal != nil && pe.totalPodCount+pe.evictionRequestsTotal()+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal {
 		err := NewEvictionTotalLimitError()
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
 			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
 		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal)
+		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: total eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal)
+		}
 		return err
 	}

 	if pod.Spec.NodeName != "" {
-		if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode != nil && pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode {
+		if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode != nil && pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]+pe.evictionRequestsPerNode(pod.Spec.NodeName)+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode {
 			err := NewEvictionNodeLimitError(pod.Spec.NodeName)
 			if pe.metricsEnabled {
 				metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 			}
 			span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 			klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode, "node", pod.Spec.NodeName)
+			if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+				pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: node eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode)
+			}
 			return err
 		}
 	}

-	if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace != nil && pe.namespacePodCount[pod.Namespace]+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace {
+	if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace != nil && pe.namespacePodCount[pod.Namespace]+pe.evictionRequestsPerNamespace(pod.Namespace)+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace {
 		err := NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError(pod.Namespace)
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
 			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
 		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
-		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace, "namespace", pod.Namespace)
+		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace, "namespace", pod.Namespace, "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: namespace eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace)
+		}
 		return err
 	}

-	err := evictPod(ctx, pe.client, pod, pe.policyGroupVersion)
+	ignore, err := pe.evictPod(ctx, pod)
 	if err != nil {
 		// err is used only for logging purposes
 		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
@@ -167,9 +525,16 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptio
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
 			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": "error", "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
+		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: %v", pod.Spec.NodeName, err.Error())
+		}
 		return err
 	}

+	if ignore {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	if pod.Spec.NodeName != "" {
 		pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
 	}
@@ -191,17 +556,18 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptio
 				reason = "NotSet"
 			}
 		}
-		pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeNormal, reason, "Descheduled", "pod evicted from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler", pod.Spec.NodeName)
+		pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeNormal, reason, "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler", pod.Spec.NodeName)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

-func evictPod(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, pod *v1.Pod, policyGroupVersion string) error {
+// return (ignore, err)
+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod) (bool, error) {
 	deleteOptions := &metav1.DeleteOptions{}
 	// GracePeriodSeconds ?
 	eviction := &policy.Eviction{
 		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
-			APIVersion: policyGroupVersion,
+			APIVersion: pe.policyGroupVersion,
 			Kind:       eutils.EvictionKind,
 		},
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
@@ -210,13 +576,36 @@ func evictPod(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, pod *v1.Pod, poli
 		},
 		DeleteOptions: deleteOptions,
 	}
-	err := client.PolicyV1().Evictions(eviction.Namespace).Evict(ctx, eviction)
+	err := pe.client.PolicyV1().Evictions(eviction.Namespace).Evict(ctx, eviction)
+	if err == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		// eviction in background requested
+		if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
+			// Simulating https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/pull/11532/files#diff-059cc1fc09e8b469143348cc3aa80b40de987670e008fa18a6fe010061f973c9R77
+			if apierrors.IsTooManyRequests(err) && strings.Contains(err.Error(), EvictionInBackgroundErrorText) {
+				// Ignore eviction of any pod that's failed or completed.
+				// It can happen an eviction in background ends up with the pod stuck in the completed state.
+				// Normally, any request eviction is expected to end with the pod deletion.
+				// However, some custom eviction policies may end up with completed pods around.
+				// Which leads to all the completed pods to be considered still as unfinished evictions in background.
+				if pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded || pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodFailed {
+					klog.V(3).InfoS("Ignoring eviction of a completed/failed pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+					return true, nil
+				}
+				klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background assumed", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+				pe.erCache.assumePod(pod)
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}

 	if apierrors.IsTooManyRequests(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error when evicting pod (ignoring) %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("error when evicting pod (ignoring) %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
 	}
 	if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pod not found when evicting %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("pod not found when evicting %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
 	}
-	return err
+	return false, err
 }
--- a/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions_test.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions_test.go
@@ -18,57 +18,107 @@ package evictions

 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

+const (
+	notFoundText    = "pod not found when evicting \"%s\": pods \"%s\" not found"
+	tooManyRequests = "error when evicting pod (ignoring) \"%s\": Too many requests: too many requests"
+)
+
+func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	return featureGates
+}
+
 func TestEvictPod(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
 	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("node1", 1000, 2000, 9, nil)
 	pod1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 0, "node1", nil)
 	tests := []struct {
 		description string
 		node        *v1.Node
-		pod         *v1.Pod
-		pods        []v1.Pod
-		want        error
+		evictedPod  *v1.Pod
+		pods        []runtime.Object
+		wantErr     error
 	}{
 		{
 			description: "test pod eviction - pod present",
 			node:        node1,
-			pod:         pod1,
-			pods:        []v1.Pod{*pod1},
-			want:        nil,
+			evictedPod:  pod1,
+			pods:        []runtime.Object{pod1},
 		},
 		{
-			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent",
+			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent (not found error)",
 			node:        node1,
-			pod:         pod1,
-			pods:        []v1.Pod{*test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), *test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
-			want:        nil,
+			evictedPod:  pod1,
+			pods:        []runtime.Object{test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
+			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf(notFoundText, pod1.Name, pod1.Name),
+		},
+		{
+			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent (too many requests error)",
+			node:        node1,
+			evictedPod:  pod1,
+			pods:        []runtime.Object{test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
+			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf(tooManyRequests, pod1.Name),
 		},
 	}

 	for _, test := range tests {
-		fakeClient := &fake.Clientset{}
-		fakeClient.Fake.AddReactor("list", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-			return true, &v1.PodList{Items: test.pods}, nil
+		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+			fakeClient := fake.NewClientset(test.pods...)
+			fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods/eviction", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+				return true, nil, test.wantErr
+			})
+			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+			eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
+			podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
+				ctx,
+				fakeClient,
+				eventRecorder,
+				sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
+				initFeatureGates(),
+				NewOptions(),
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_, got := podEvictor.evictPod(ctx, test.evictedPod)
+			if got != test.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("Test error for Desc: %s. Expected %v pod eviction to be %v, got %v", test.description, test.evictedPod.Name, test.wantErr, got)
+			}
 		})
-		got := evictPod(ctx, fakeClient, test.pod, "v1")
-		if got != test.want {
-			t.Errorf("Test error for Desc: %s. Expected %v pod eviction to be %v, got %v", test.description, test.pod.Name, test.want, got)
-		}
 	}
 }

@@ -118,50 +168,317 @@ func TestPodTypes(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestNewPodEvictor(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
 	pod1 := test.BuildTestPod("pod", 400, 0, "node", nil)
-
-	fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(pod1)
-
-	eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
-
-	podEvictor := NewPodEvictor(
-		fakeClient,
-		eventRecorder,
-		NewOptions().WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(utilptr.To[uint](1)),
-	)
-
-	stubNode := &v1.Node{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node"}}
-
-	// 0 evictions expected
-	if evictions := podEvictor.NodeEvicted(stubNode); evictions != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected 0 node evictions, got %q instead", evictions)
+	type podEvictorTest struct {
+		description                      string
+		pod                              *v1.Pod
+		dryRun                           bool
+		evictionFailureEventNotification *bool
+		maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
+		expectedNodeEvictions            uint
+		expectedTotalEvictions           uint
+		expectedError                    error
+		// expectedEvent is a slice of strings representing expected events.
+		// Each string in the slice should follow the format: "EventType Reason Message".
+		// - "Warning Failed processing failed"
+		events []string
 	}
-	// 0 evictions expected
-	if evictions := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); evictions != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected 0 total evictions, got %q instead", evictions)
+	tests := []podEvictorTest{
+		{
+			description:                      "one eviction expected with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           1,
+			expectedError:                    nil,
+			events:                           []string{"Normal NotSet pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on total with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    NewEvictionTotalLimitError(),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: total eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on node with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    NewEvictionNodeLimitError("node"),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: node eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on node with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError("default"),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: namespace eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction error with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    fmt.Errorf("eviction error"),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: eviction error"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction with dryRun with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			dryRun:                           true,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           1,
+			expectedError:                    nil,
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "one eviction expected without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     1,
+			expectedError:              nil,
+			events:                     []string{"Normal NotSet pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on total without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              NewEvictionTotalLimitError(),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on node without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              NewEvictionNodeLimitError("node"),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on node without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError("default"),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction error without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              fmt.Errorf("eviction error"),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction without dryRun with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			dryRun:                     true,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     1,
+			expectedError:              nil,
+		},
 	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(pod1)
+			fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods/eviction", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+				return true, nil, test.expectedError
+			})

-	if err := podEvictor.EvictPod(context.TODO(), pod1, EvictOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Expected a pod eviction, got an eviction error instead: %v", err)
-	}
+			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())

-	// 1 node eviction expected
-	if evictions := podEvictor.NodeEvicted(stubNode); evictions != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected 1 node eviction, got %q instead", evictions)
-	}
-	// 1 total eviction expected
-	if evictions := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); evictions != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected 1 total evictions, got %q instead", evictions)
-	}
+			eventRecorder := events.NewFakeRecorder(100)

-	err := podEvictor.EvictPod(context.TODO(), pod1, EvictOptions{})
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Errorf("Expected a pod eviction error, got nil instead")
-	}
-	switch err.(type) {
-	case *EvictionNodeLimitError:
-		// all good
-	default:
-		t.Errorf("Expected a pod eviction EvictionNodeLimitError error, got a different error instead: %v", err)
+			podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
+				ctx,
+				fakeClient,
+				eventRecorder,
+				sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
+				initFeatureGates(),
+				NewOptions().
+					WithDryRun(test.dryRun).
+					WithMaxPodsToEvictTotal(test.maxPodsToEvictTotal).
+					WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(test.maxPodsToEvictPerNode).
+					WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(test.evictionFailureEventNotification).
+					WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNamespace(test.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace),
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			stubNode := &v1.Node{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node"}}
+
+			if actualErr := podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, test.pod, EvictOptions{}); actualErr != nil && actualErr.Error() != test.expectedError.Error() {
+				t.Errorf("Expected error: %v, got: %v", test.expectedError, actualErr)
+			}
+
+			if evictions := podEvictor.NodeEvicted(stubNode); evictions != test.expectedNodeEvictions {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d node evictions, got %d instead", test.expectedNodeEvictions, evictions)
+			}
+
+			if evictions := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); evictions != test.expectedTotalEvictions {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d total evictions, got %d instead", test.expectedTotalEvictions, evictions)
+			}
+
+			// Assert that the events are correct.
+			assertEqualEvents(t, test.events, eventRecorder.Events)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvictionRequestsCacheCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.Namespace = "dev"
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+	}
+	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		updatePod(pod)
+		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
+			EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
+		}
+	}
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+
+	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(node1, p1, p2, p3, p4)
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(client, 0)
+	_, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, client)
+
+	podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
+		ctx,
+		client,
+		eventRecorder,
+		sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
+		initFeatureGates(),
+		nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+		if action.GetSubresource() == "eviction" {
+			createAct, matched := action.(core.CreateActionImpl)
+			if !matched {
+				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert action to core.CreateActionImpl")
+			}
+			if eviction, matched := createAct.Object.(*policy.Eviction); matched {
+				podName := eviction.GetName()
+				if podName == "p1" || podName == "p2" {
+					return true, nil, &apierrors.StatusError{
+						ErrStatus: metav1.Status{
+							Reason:  metav1.StatusReasonTooManyRequests,
+							Message: "Eviction triggered evacuation",
+						},
+					}
+				}
+				return true, nil, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return false, nil, nil
+	})
+
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p1, EvictOptions{})
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p2, EvictOptions{})
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p3, EvictOptions{})
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p4, EvictOptions{})
+
+	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
+	if total := podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); total != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total eviction requests, got %v instead", 2, total)
+	}
+	if total := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); total != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total evictions, got %v instead", 2, total)
+	}
+
+	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background assumed. Wait for few seconds and check the assumed requests timed out")
+	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+	klog.Infof("Checking the assumed requests timed out and were deleted")
+	// Set the timeout to 1s so the cleaning can be tested
+	podEvictor.erCache.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds = 1
+	podEvictor.erCache.cleanCache(ctx)
+	if totalERs := podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); totalERs > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 0 eviction requests, got %v instead", totalERs)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertEqualEvents(t *testing.T, expected []string, actual <-chan string) {
+	t.Logf("Assert for events: %v", expected)
+	c := time.After(wait.ForeverTestTimeout)
+	for _, e := range expected {
+		select {
+		case a := <-actual:
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(a, e) {
+				t.Errorf("Expected event %q, got %q instead", e, a)
+			}
+		case <-c:
+			t.Errorf("Expected event %q, got nothing", e)
+			// continue iterating to print all expected events
+		}
+	}
+	for {
+		select {
+		case a := <-actual:
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected event: %q", a)
+		default:
+			return // No more events, as expected.
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/pkg/descheduler/evictions/options.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/evictions/options.go
@@ -5,12 +5,13 @@ import (
 )

 type Options struct {
-	policyGroupVersion         string
-	dryRun                     bool
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNode      *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictTotal        *uint
-	metricsEnabled             bool
+	policyGroupVersion               string
+	dryRun                           bool
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
+	evictionFailureEventNotification bool
+	metricsEnabled                   bool
 }

 // NewOptions returns an Options with default values.
@@ -49,3 +50,10 @@ func (o *Options) WithMetricsEnabled(metricsEnabled bool) *Options {
 	o.metricsEnabled = metricsEnabled
 	return o
 }
+
+func (o *Options) WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(evictionFailureEventNotification *bool) *Options {
+	if evictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
+		o.evictionFailureEventNotification = *evictionFailureEventNotification
+	}
+	return o
+}
--- a/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package metricscollector
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	listercorev1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+)
+
+const (
+	beta float64 = 0.9
+)
+
+type MetricsCollector struct {
+	nodeLister       listercorev1.NodeLister
+	metricsClientset metricsclient.Interface
+	nodeSelector     labels.Selector
+
+	nodes map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+	// hasSynced signals at least one sync succeeded
+	hasSynced bool
+}
+
+func NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister listercorev1.NodeLister, metricsClientset metricsclient.Interface, nodeSelector labels.Selector) *MetricsCollector {
+	return &MetricsCollector{
+		nodeLister:       nodeLister,
+		metricsClientset: metricsClientset,
+		nodeSelector:     nodeSelector,
+		nodes:            make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity),
+	}
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) Run(ctx context.Context) {
+	wait.NonSlidingUntil(func() {
+		mc.Collect(ctx)
+	}, 5*time.Second, ctx.Done())
+}
+
+// During experiments rounding to int error causes weightedAverage to never
+// reach value even when weightedAverage is repeated many times in a row.
+// The difference between the limit and computed average stops within 5 units.
+// Nevertheless, the value is expected to change in time. So the weighted
+// average nevers gets a chance to converge. Which makes the computed
+// error negligible.
+// The speed of convergence depends on how often the metrics collector
+// syncs with the current value. Currently, the interval is set to 5s.
+func weightedAverage(prevValue, value int64) int64 {
+	return int64(math.Round(beta*float64(prevValue) + (1-beta)*float64(value)))
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) AllNodesUsage() (map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
+	mc.mu.RLock()
+	defer mc.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	allNodesUsage := make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
+	for nodeName := range mc.nodes {
+		allNodesUsage[nodeName] = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+			v1.ResourceCPU:    utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[nodeName][v1.ResourceCPU].DeepCopy()),
+			v1.ResourceMemory: utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[nodeName][v1.ResourceMemory].DeepCopy()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return allNodesUsage, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) NodeUsage(node *v1.Node) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
+	mc.mu.RLock()
+	defer mc.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if _, exists := mc.nodes[node.Name]; !exists {
+		klog.V(4).InfoS("unable to find node in the collected metrics", "node", klog.KObj(node))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find node %q in the collected metrics", node.Name)
+	}
+	return map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+		v1.ResourceCPU:    utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].DeepCopy()),
+		v1.ResourceMemory: utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].DeepCopy()),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) HasSynced() bool {
+	return mc.hasSynced
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) MetricsClient() metricsclient.Interface {
+	return mc.metricsClientset
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) Collect(ctx context.Context) error {
+	mc.mu.Lock()
+	defer mc.mu.Unlock()
+	nodes, err := mc.nodeLister.List(mc.nodeSelector)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to list nodes: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		metrics, err := mc.metricsClientset.MetricsV1beta1().NodeMetricses().Get(ctx, node.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.ErrorS(err, "Error fetching metrics", "node", node.Name)
+			// No entry -> duplicate the previous value -> do nothing as beta*PV + (1-beta)*PV = PV
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if _, exists := mc.nodes[node.Name]; !exists {
+			mc.nodes[node.Name] = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:    utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](metrics.Usage.Cpu().DeepCopy()),
+				v1.ResourceMemory: utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](metrics.Usage.Memory().DeepCopy()),
+			}
+		} else {
+			// get MilliValue to reduce loss of precision
+			mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].SetMilli(
+				weightedAverage(mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), metrics.Usage.Cpu().MilliValue()),
+			)
+			mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].Set(
+				weightedAverage(mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].Value(), metrics.Usage.Memory().Value()),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	mc.hasSynced = true
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector_test.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package metricscollector
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
+)
+
+func checkCpuNodeUsage(t *testing.T, usage map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, millicpu int64) {
+	t.Logf("current node cpu usage: %v\n", usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
+	if usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() != millicpu {
+		t.Fatalf("cpu node usage expected to be %v, got %v instead", millicpu, usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetricsCollector(t *testing.T) {
+	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+
+	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n3 := test.BuildTestNode("n3", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	n1metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 400, 1714978816)
+	n2metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 1400, 1714978816)
+	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)
+
+	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3)
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n1metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n3metrics, "")
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
+	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	t.Logf("Set initial node cpu usage to 1400")
+	collector := NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ := collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1400)
+	allnodesUsage, _ := collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1400)
+
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to 500")
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(500, resource.DecimalSI)
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1310)
+	allnodesUsage, _ = collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1310)
+
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to 900")
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(900, resource.DecimalSI)
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1269)
+	allnodesUsage, _ = collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1269)
+}
+
+func TestMetricsCollectorConvergence(t *testing.T) {
+	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+
+	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n3 := test.BuildTestNode("n3", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	n1metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 400, 1714978816)
+	n2metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 1400, 1714978816)
+	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)
+
+	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3)
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n1metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n3metrics, "")
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
+	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	t.Logf("Set initial node cpu usage to 1400")
+	collector := NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ := collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1400)
+	allnodesUsage, _ := collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1400)
+
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu/memory usage to 900/1614978816 and wait until it converges to it")
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(900, resource.DecimalSI)
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceMemory] = *resource.NewQuantity(1614978816, resource.BinarySI)
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	converged := false
+	for i := 0; i < 300; i++ {
+		collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+		nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+		if math.Abs(float64(900-nodesUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())) < 6 && math.Abs(float64(1614978816-nodesUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value())) < 6 {
+			t.Logf("Node cpu/memory usage converged to 900+-5/1614978816+-5")
+			converged = true
+			break
+		}
+		t.Logf("The current node usage: cpu=%v, memory=%v", nodesUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), nodesUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value())
+	}
+	if !converged {
+		t.Fatalf("The node usage did not converged to 900+-1")
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/descheduler/node/node.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/node/node.go
@@ -218,7 +218,12 @@ func fitsRequest(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, nod
 		resourceNames = append(resourceNames, name)
 	}

-	availableResources, err := nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer, node, resourceNames)
+	availableResources, err := nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer, node, resourceNames,
+		func(pod *v1.Pod) (v1.ResourceList, error) {
+			req, _ := utils.PodRequestsAndLimits(pod)
+			return req, nil
+		},
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -239,12 +244,15 @@ func fitsRequest(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, nod
 }

 // nodeAvailableResources returns resources mapped to the quanitity available on the node.
-func nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, node *v1.Node, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
+func nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, node *v1.Node, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName, podUtilization podutil.PodUtilizationFnc) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
 	podsOnNode, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, nodeIndexer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	nodeUtilization := NodeUtilization(podsOnNode, resourceNames)
+	nodeUtilization, err := NodeUtilization(podsOnNode, resourceNames, podUtilization)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	remainingResources := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
 		v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Cpu().MilliValue()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), resource.DecimalSI),
 		v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Memory().Value()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceMemory].Value(), resource.BinarySI),
@@ -265,31 +273,34 @@ func nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, node
 }

 // NodeUtilization returns the resources requested by the given pods. Only resources supplied in the resourceNames parameter are calculated.
-func NodeUtilization(pods []*v1.Pod, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName) map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity {
-	totalReqs := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+func NodeUtilization(pods []*v1.Pod, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName, podUtilization podutil.PodUtilizationFnc) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
+	totalUtilization := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
 		v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI),
 		v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.BinarySI),
 		v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(int64(len(pods)), resource.DecimalSI),
 	}
 	for _, name := range resourceNames {
 		if !IsBasicResource(name) {
-			totalReqs[name] = resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
+			totalUtilization[name] = resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
 		}
 	}

 	for _, pod := range pods {
-		req, _ := utils.PodRequestsAndLimits(pod)
+		podUtil, err := podUtilization(pod)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		for _, name := range resourceNames {
-			quantity, ok := req[name]
+			quantity, ok := podUtil[name]
 			if ok && name != v1.ResourcePods {
 				// As Quantity.Add says: Add adds the provided y quantity to the current value. If the current value is zero,
 				// the format of the quantity will be updated to the format of y.
-				totalReqs[name].Add(quantity)
+				totalUtilization[name].Add(quantity)
 			}
 		}
 	}

-	return totalReqs
+	return totalUtilization, nil
 }

 // IsBasicResource checks if resource is basic native.
--- a/pkg/descheduler/pod/pods.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/pod/pods.go
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ type FilterFunc func(*v1.Pod) bool
 // as input and returns the pods that assigned to the node.
 type GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc func(string, FilterFunc) ([]*v1.Pod, error)

+// PodUtilizationFnc is a function for getting pod's utilization. E.g. requested resources of utilization from metrics.
+type PodUtilizationFnc func(pod *v1.Pod) (v1.ResourceList, error)
+
 // WrapFilterFuncs wraps a set of FilterFunc in one.
 func WrapFilterFuncs(filters ...FilterFunc) FilterFunc {
 	return func(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
--- a/pkg/descheduler/policyconfig.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/policyconfig.go
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ func setDefaultEvictor(profile api.DeschedulerProfile, client clientset.Interfac
 			EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
 			IgnorePvcPods:           false,
 			EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
+			IgnorePodsWithoutPDB:    false,
 		},
 	}

--- a/pkg/features/features.go
+++ b/pkg/features/features.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package features
+
+import (
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Every feature gate should add method here following this template:
+	//
+	// // owner: @username
+	// // kep: kep link
+	// // alpha: v1.X
+	// MyFeature featuregate.Feature = "MyFeature"
+	//
+	// Feature gates should be listed in alphabetical, case-sensitive
+	// (upper before any lower case character) order. This reduces the risk
+	// of code conflicts because changes are more likely to be scattered
+	// across the file.
+
+	// owner: @ingvagabund
+	// kep: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/issues/1397
+	// alpha: v1.31
+	//
+	// Enable evictions in background so users can create their own eviction policies
+	// as an alternative to immediate evictions.
+	EvictionsInBackground featuregate.Feature = "EvictionsInBackground"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	runtime.Must(DefaultMutableFeatureGate.Add(defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates))
+}
+
+// defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates consists of all known descheduler-specific feature keys.
+// To add a new feature, define a key for it above and add it here. The features will be
+// available throughout descheduler binary.
+//
+// Entries are separated from each other with blank lines to avoid sweeping gofmt changes
+// when adding or removing one entry.
+var defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates = map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+	EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+}
+
+// DefaultMutableFeatureGate is a mutable version of DefaultFeatureGate.
+// Only top-level commands/options setup and the k8s.io/component-base/featuregate/testing package should make use of this.
+// Tests that need to modify feature gates for the duration of their test should use:
+//
+//	defer featuregatetesting.SetFeatureGateDuringTest(t, utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate, features.<FeatureName>, <value>)()
+var DefaultMutableFeatureGate featuregate.MutableFeatureGate = featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
--- a/pkg/framework/fake/fake.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/fake/fake.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 )
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ type HandleImpl struct {
 	SharedInformerFactoryImpl     informers.SharedInformerFactory
 	EvictorFilterImpl             frameworktypes.EvictorPlugin
 	PodEvictorImpl                *evictions.PodEvictor
+	MetricsCollectorImpl          *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
 }

 var _ frameworktypes.Handle = &HandleImpl{}
@@ -26,6 +28,10 @@ func (hi *HandleImpl) ClientSet() clientset.Interface {
 	return hi.ClientsetImpl
 }

+func (hi *HandleImpl) MetricsCollector() *metricscollector.MetricsCollector {
+	return hi.MetricsCollectorImpl
+}
+
 func (hi *HandleImpl) GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc() podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc {
 	return hi.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/fake/plugin/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/fake/plugin/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor.go
@@ -195,6 +195,20 @@ func New(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (frameworktypes.Plug
 			return nil
 		})
 	}
+
+	if defaultEvictorArgs.IgnorePodsWithoutPDB {
+		ev.constraints = append(ev.constraints, func(pod *v1.Pod) error {
+			hasPdb, err := utils.IsPodCoveredByPDB(pod, handle.SharedInformerFactory().Policy().V1().PodDisruptionBudgets().Lister())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to check if pod is covered by PodDisruptionBudget: %w", err)
+			}
+			if !hasPdb {
+				return fmt.Errorf("no PodDisruptionBudget found for pod")
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+
 	return ev, nil
 }

--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor_test.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/uuid"
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ type testCase struct {
 	description             string
 	pods                    []*v1.Pod
 	nodes                   []*v1.Node
+	pdbs                    []*policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget
 	evictFailedBarePods     bool
 	evictLocalStoragePods   bool
 	evictSystemCriticalPods bool
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ type testCase struct {
 	minReplicas             uint
 	minPodAge               *metav1.Duration
 	result                  bool
+	ignorePodsWithoutPDB    bool
 }

 func TestDefaultEvictorPreEvictionFilter(t *testing.T) {
@@ -739,6 +742,33 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 			},
 			result: true,
+		}, {
+			description: "ignorePodsWithoutPDB, pod with no PDBs, no eviction",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					pod.Labels = map[string]string{
+						"app": "foo",
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			ignorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
+			result:               false,
+		}, {
+			description: "ignorePodsWithoutPDB, pod with PDBs, evicts",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					pod.Labels = map[string]string{
+						"app": "foo",
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			pdbs: []*policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget{
+				test.BuildTestPDB("pdb1", "foo"),
+			},
+			ignorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
+			result:               true,
 		},
 	}

@@ -811,11 +841,15 @@ func initializePlugin(ctx context.Context, test testCase) (frameworktypes.Plugin
 	for _, pod := range test.pods {
 		objs = append(objs, pod)
 	}
+	for _, pdb := range test.pdbs {
+		objs = append(objs, pdb)
+	}

 	fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)

 	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
 	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
+	_ = sharedInformerFactory.Policy().V1().PodDisruptionBudgets().Lister()

 	getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -833,9 +867,10 @@ func initializePlugin(ctx context.Context, test testCase) (frameworktypes.Plugin
 		PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
 			Value: test.priorityThreshold,
 		},
-		NodeFit:     test.nodeFit,
-		MinReplicas: test.minReplicas,
-		MinPodAge:   test.minPodAge,
+		NodeFit:              test.nodeFit,
+		MinReplicas:          test.minReplicas,
+		MinPodAge:            test.minPodAge,
+		IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: test.ignorePodsWithoutPDB,
 	}

 	evictorPlugin, err := New(
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaults_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaults_test.go
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				LabelSelector:           nil,
 				PriorityThreshold:       nil,
 				NodeFit:                 false,
+				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB:    false,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
 					Value: utilptr.To[int32](800),
 				},
-				NodeFit: true,
+				NodeFit:              true,
+				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
 			},
 			want: &DefaultEvictorArgs{
 				NodeSelector:            "NodeSelector",
@@ -70,7 +72,8 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
 					Value: utilptr.To[int32](800),
 				},
-				NodeFit: true,
+				NodeFit:              true,
+				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
 			},
 		},
 	}
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/types.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/types.go
@@ -36,4 +36,5 @@ type DefaultEvictorArgs struct {
 	NodeFit                 bool                   `json:"nodeFit,omitempty"`
 	MinReplicas             uint                   `json:"minReplicas,omitempty"`
 	MinPodAge               *metav1.Duration       `json:"minPodAge,omitempty"`
+	IgnorePodsWithoutPDB    bool                   `json:"ignorePodsWithoutPDB,omitempty"`
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/highnodeutilization.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/highnodeutilization.go
@@ -38,9 +38,13 @@ const HighNodeUtilizationPluginName = "HighNodeUtilization"
 // Note that CPU/Memory requests are used to calculate nodes' utilization and not the actual resource usage.

 type HighNodeUtilization struct {
-	handle    frameworktypes.Handle
-	args      *HighNodeUtilizationArgs
-	podFilter func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
+	handle                   frameworktypes.Handle
+	args                     *HighNodeUtilizationArgs
+	podFilter                func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
+	underutilizationCriteria []interface{}
+	resourceNames            []v1.ResourceName
+	targetThresholds         api.ResourceThresholds
+	usageClient              usageClient
 }

 var _ frameworktypes.BalancePlugin = &HighNodeUtilization{}
@@ -52,6 +56,21 @@ func NewHighNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("want args to be of type HighNodeUtilizationArgs, got %T", args)
 	}

+	targetThresholds := make(api.ResourceThresholds)
+	setDefaultForThresholds(highNodeUtilizatioArgs.Thresholds, targetThresholds)
+	resourceNames := getResourceNames(targetThresholds)
+
+	underutilizationCriteria := []interface{}{
+		"CPU", highNodeUtilizatioArgs.Thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
+		"Mem", highNodeUtilizatioArgs.Thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
+		"Pods", highNodeUtilizatioArgs.Thresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
+	}
+	for name := range highNodeUtilizatioArgs.Thresholds {
+		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
+			underutilizationCriteria = append(underutilizationCriteria, string(name), int64(highNodeUtilizatioArgs.Thresholds[name]))
+		}
+	}
+
 	podFilter, err := podutil.NewOptions().
 		WithFilter(handle.Evictor().Filter).
 		BuildFilterFunc()
@@ -60,9 +79,13 @@ func NewHighNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (
 	}

 	return &HighNodeUtilization{
-		handle:    handle,
-		args:      highNodeUtilizatioArgs,
-		podFilter: podFilter,
+		handle:                   handle,
+		args:                     highNodeUtilizatioArgs,
+		resourceNames:            resourceNames,
+		targetThresholds:         targetThresholds,
+		underutilizationCriteria: underutilizationCriteria,
+		podFilter:                podFilter,
+		usageClient:              newRequestedUsageClient(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc()),
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -73,15 +96,15 @@ func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Name() string {

 // Balance extension point implementation for the plugin
 func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status {
-	thresholds := h.args.Thresholds
-	targetThresholds := make(api.ResourceThresholds)
-
-	setDefaultForThresholds(thresholds, targetThresholds)
-	resourceNames := getResourceNames(targetThresholds)
+	if err := h.usageClient.sync(nodes); err != nil {
+		return &frameworktypes.Status{
+			Err: fmt.Errorf("error getting node usage: %v", err),
+		}
+	}

 	sourceNodes, highNodes := classifyNodes(
-		getNodeUsage(nodes, resourceNames, h.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc()),
-		getNodeThresholds(nodes, thresholds, targetThresholds, resourceNames, h.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(), false),
+		getNodeUsage(nodes, h.usageClient),
+		getNodeThresholds(nodes, h.args.Thresholds, h.targetThresholds, h.resourceNames, false, h.usageClient),
 		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
 			return isNodeWithLowUtilization(usage, threshold.lowResourceThreshold)
 		},
@@ -94,18 +117,7 @@ func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fr
 		})

 	// log message in one line
-	keysAndValues := []interface{}{
-		"CPU", thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
-		"Mem", thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
-		"Pods", thresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
-	}
-	for name := range thresholds {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), int64(thresholds[name]))
-		}
-	}
-
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node below target utilization", keysAndValues...)
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node below target utilization", h.underutilizationCriteria...)
 	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of underutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(sourceNodes))

 	if len(sourceNodes) == 0 {
@@ -147,8 +159,10 @@ func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fr
 		h.handle.Evictor(),
 		evictions.EvictOptions{StrategyName: HighNodeUtilizationPluginName},
 		h.podFilter,
-		resourceNames,
-		continueEvictionCond)
+		h.resourceNames,
+		continueEvictionCond,
+		h.usageClient,
+	)

 	return nil
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization.go
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
@@ -36,9 +38,13 @@ const LowNodeUtilizationPluginName = "LowNodeUtilization"
 // to calculate nodes' utilization and not the actual resource usage.

 type LowNodeUtilization struct {
-	handle    frameworktypes.Handle
-	args      *LowNodeUtilizationArgs
-	podFilter func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
+	handle                   frameworktypes.Handle
+	args                     *LowNodeUtilizationArgs
+	podFilter                func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
+	underutilizationCriteria []interface{}
+	overutilizationCriteria  []interface{}
+	resourceNames            []v1.ResourceName
+	usageClient              usageClient
 }

 var _ frameworktypes.BalancePlugin = &LowNodeUtilization{}
@@ -50,6 +56,30 @@ func NewLowNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (f
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("want args to be of type LowNodeUtilizationArgs, got %T", args)
 	}

+	setDefaultForLNUThresholds(lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds, lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.TargetThresholds, lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.UseDeviationThresholds)
+
+	underutilizationCriteria := []interface{}{
+		"CPU", lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
+		"Mem", lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
+		"Pods", lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
+	}
+	for name := range lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds {
+		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
+			underutilizationCriteria = append(underutilizationCriteria, string(name), int64(lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds[name]))
+		}
+	}
+
+	overutilizationCriteria := []interface{}{
+		"CPU", lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.TargetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
+		"Mem", lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.TargetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
+		"Pods", lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.TargetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
+	}
+	for name := range lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.TargetThresholds {
+		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
+			overutilizationCriteria = append(overutilizationCriteria, string(name), int64(lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.TargetThresholds[name]))
+		}
+	}
+
 	podFilter, err := podutil.NewOptions().
 		WithFilter(handle.Evictor().Filter).
 		BuildFilterFunc()
@@ -57,10 +87,26 @@ func NewLowNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (f
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing pod filter function: %v", err)
 	}

+	resourceNames := getResourceNames(lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds)
+
+	var usageClient usageClient
+	if lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.MetricsUtilization.MetricsServer {
+		if handle.MetricsCollector() == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("metrics client not initialized")
+		}
+		usageClient = newActualUsageClient(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(), handle.MetricsCollector())
+	} else {
+		usageClient = newRequestedUsageClient(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc())
+	}
+
 	return &LowNodeUtilization{
-		handle:    handle,
-		args:      lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs,
-		podFilter: podFilter,
+		handle:                   handle,
+		args:                     lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs,
+		underutilizationCriteria: underutilizationCriteria,
+		overutilizationCriteria:  overutilizationCriteria,
+		resourceNames:            resourceNames,
+		podFilter:                podFilter,
+		usageClient:              usageClient,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -71,43 +117,15 @@ func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Name() string {

 // Balance extension point implementation for the plugin
 func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status {
-	useDeviationThresholds := l.args.UseDeviationThresholds
-	thresholds := l.args.Thresholds
-	targetThresholds := l.args.TargetThresholds
-
-	// check if Pods/CPU/Mem are set, if not, set them to 100
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourcePods]; !ok {
-		if useDeviationThresholds {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MinResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MinResourcePercentage
-		} else {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
+	if err := l.usageClient.sync(nodes); err != nil {
+		return &frameworktypes.Status{
+			Err: fmt.Errorf("error getting node usage: %v", err),
 		}
 	}
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU]; !ok {
-		if useDeviationThresholds {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MinResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MinResourcePercentage
-		} else {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
-		}
-	}
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory]; !ok {
-		if useDeviationThresholds {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MinResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MinResourcePercentage
-		} else {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
-		}
-	}
-	resourceNames := getResourceNames(thresholds)

 	lowNodes, sourceNodes := classifyNodes(
-		getNodeUsage(nodes, resourceNames, l.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc()),
-		getNodeThresholds(nodes, thresholds, targetThresholds, resourceNames, l.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(), useDeviationThresholds),
+		getNodeUsage(nodes, l.usageClient),
+		getNodeThresholds(nodes, l.args.Thresholds, l.args.TargetThresholds, l.resourceNames, l.args.UseDeviationThresholds, l.usageClient),
 		// The node has to be schedulable (to be able to move workload there)
 		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
 			if nodeutil.IsNodeUnschedulable(node) {
@@ -122,31 +140,11 @@ func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fra
 	)

 	// log message for nodes with low utilization
-	underutilizationCriteria := []interface{}{
-		"CPU", thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
-		"Mem", thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
-		"Pods", thresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
-	}
-	for name := range thresholds {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			underutilizationCriteria = append(underutilizationCriteria, string(name), int64(thresholds[name]))
-		}
-	}
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node under utilization", underutilizationCriteria...)
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node under utilization", l.underutilizationCriteria...)
 	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of underutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(lowNodes))

 	// log message for over utilized nodes
-	overutilizationCriteria := []interface{}{
-		"CPU", targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
-		"Mem", targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
-		"Pods", targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
-	}
-	for name := range targetThresholds {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			overutilizationCriteria = append(overutilizationCriteria, string(name), int64(targetThresholds[name]))
-		}
-	}
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node above target utilization", overutilizationCriteria...)
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node above target utilization", l.overutilizationCriteria...)
 	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of overutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(sourceNodes))

 	if len(lowNodes) == 0 {
@@ -194,8 +192,41 @@ func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fra
 		l.handle.Evictor(),
 		evictions.EvictOptions{StrategyName: LowNodeUtilizationPluginName},
 		l.podFilter,
-		resourceNames,
-		continueEvictionCond)
+		l.resourceNames,
+		continueEvictionCond,
+		l.usageClient,
+	)

 	return nil
 }
+
+func setDefaultForLNUThresholds(thresholds, targetThresholds api.ResourceThresholds, useDeviationThresholds bool) {
+	// check if Pods/CPU/Mem are set, if not, set them to 100
+	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourcePods]; !ok {
+		if useDeviationThresholds {
+			thresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MinResourcePercentage
+			targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MinResourcePercentage
+		} else {
+			thresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
+			targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
+		}
+	}
+	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU]; !ok {
+		if useDeviationThresholds {
+			thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MinResourcePercentage
+			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MinResourcePercentage
+		} else {
+			thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
+			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
+		}
+	}
+	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory]; !ok {
+		if useDeviationThresholds {
+			thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MinResourcePercentage
+			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MinResourcePercentage
+		} else {
+			thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
+			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization_test.go
@@ -21,19 +21,23 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"

-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
-	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
-
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
+	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
+	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"

+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
+	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )
@@ -48,14 +52,17 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 	notMatchingNodeSelectorValue := "east"

 	testCases := []struct {
-		name                         string
-		useDeviationThresholds       bool
-		thresholds, targetThresholds api.ResourceThresholds
-		nodes                        []*v1.Node
-		pods                         []*v1.Pod
-		expectedPodsEvicted          uint
-		evictedPods                  []string
-		evictableNamespaces          *api.Namespaces
+		name                           string
+		useDeviationThresholds         bool
+		thresholds, targetThresholds   api.ResourceThresholds
+		nodes                          []*v1.Node
+		pods                           []*v1.Pod
+		nodemetricses                  []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics
+		podmetricses                   []*v1beta1.PodMetrics
+		expectedPodsEvicted            uint
+		expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted uint
+		evictedPods                    []string
+		evictableNamespaces            *api.Namespaces
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "no evictable pods",
@@ -103,7 +110,20 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 0,
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 2401, 1714978816),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 1714978816),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 10, 1714978816),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            0,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities",
@@ -153,7 +173,20 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 4,
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            4,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 4,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities, but excluding namespaces",
@@ -218,12 +251,25 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
 			evictableNamespaces: &api.Namespaces{
 				Exclude: []string{
 					"namespace1",
 				},
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 0,
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            0,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities, but include only default namespace",
@@ -283,12 +329,25 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
 			evictableNamespaces: &api.Namespaces{
 				Include: []string{
 					"default",
 				},
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 2,
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            2,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 2,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities stop when cpu capacity is depleted",
@@ -306,14 +365,14 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				test.BuildTestNode(n3NodeName, 4000, 3000, 10, test.SetNodeUnschedulable),
 			},
 			pods: []*v1.Pod{
-				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 300, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 300, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p3", 400, 300, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p4", 400, 300, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p5", 400, 300, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p3", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p4", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p5", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 				// These won't be evicted.
-				test.BuildTestPod("p6", 400, 300, n1NodeName, test.SetDSOwnerRef),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p7", 400, 300, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+				test.BuildTestPod("p6", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetDSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p7", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
 					// A pod with local storage.
 					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
 					pod.Spec.Volumes = []v1.Volume{
@@ -330,17 +389,29 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 					// A Mirror Pod.
 					pod.Annotations = test.GetMirrorPodAnnotation()
 				}),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p8", 400, 300, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+				test.BuildTestPod("p8", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
 					// A Critical Pod.
 					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
 					pod.Namespace = "kube-system"
 					priority := utils.SystemCriticalPriority
 					pod.Spec.Priority = &priority
 				}),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 2100, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
-			// 4 pods available for eviction based on v1.ResourcePods, only 3 pods can be evicted before cpu is depleted
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 3,
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 0, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            4,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 4,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "with priorities",
@@ -410,7 +481,20 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 4,
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            4,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 4,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities evicting best-effort pods only",
@@ -478,8 +562,21 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 4,
-			evictedPods:         []string{"p1", "p2", "p4", "p5"},
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            4,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 4,
+			evictedPods:                    []string{"p1", "p2", "p4", "p5"},
 		},
 		{
 			name: "with extended resource",
@@ -558,8 +655,21 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 					test.SetPodExtendedResourceRequest(pod, extendedResource, 1)
 				}),
 			},
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
 			// 4 pods available for eviction based on v1.ResourcePods, only 3 pods can be evicted before extended resource is depleted
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 3,
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            3,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "with extended resource in some of nodes",
@@ -586,8 +696,21 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 0, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
 			// 0 pods available for eviction because there's no enough extended resource in node2
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 0,
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            0,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities, but only other node is unschedulable",
@@ -636,7 +759,19 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 					pod.Spec.Priority = &priority
 				}),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 0,
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            0,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 0,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities, but only other node doesn't match pod node selector for p4 and p5",
@@ -701,7 +836,17 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 					pod.Spec.Priority = &priority
 				}),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 3,
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            3,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 3,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "without priorities, but only other node doesn't match pod node affinity for p4 and p5",
@@ -795,7 +940,17 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 0, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 3,
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            3,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 3,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "deviation thresholds",
@@ -847,71 +1002,219 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 400, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
 			},
-			expectedPodsEvicted: 2,
-			evictedPods:         []string{},
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n3NodeName, 11, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 401, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 401, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            2,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 2,
+			evictedPods:                    []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "without priorities different evictions for requested and actual resources",
+			thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
+				v1.ResourcePods: 30,
+			},
+			targetThresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
+				v1.ResourcePods: 50,
+			},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				test.BuildTestNode(n1NodeName, 4000, 3000, 9, nil),
+				test.BuildTestNode(n2NodeName, 4000, 3000, 10, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
+						nodeSelectorKey: notMatchingNodeSelectorValue,
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p3", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+				// These won't be evicted.
+				test.BuildTestPod("p4", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					// A pod with affinity to run in the "west" datacenter upon scheduling
+					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
+					pod.Spec.Affinity = &v1.Affinity{
+						NodeAffinity: &v1.NodeAffinity{
+							RequiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: &v1.NodeSelector{
+								NodeSelectorTerms: []v1.NodeSelectorTerm{
+									{
+										MatchExpressions: []v1.NodeSelectorRequirement{
+											{
+												Key:      nodeSelectorKey,
+												Operator: "In",
+												Values:   []string{nodeSelectorValue},
+											},
+										},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					}
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p5", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					// A pod with affinity to run in the "west" datacenter upon scheduling
+					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
+					pod.Spec.Affinity = &v1.Affinity{
+						NodeAffinity: &v1.NodeAffinity{
+							RequiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: &v1.NodeSelector{
+								NodeSelectorTerms: []v1.NodeSelectorTerm{
+									{
+										MatchExpressions: []v1.NodeSelectorRequirement{
+											{
+												Key:      nodeSelectorKey,
+												Operator: "In",
+												Values:   []string{nodeSelectorValue},
+											},
+										},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					}
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p6", 400, 0, n1NodeName, test.SetDSOwnerRef),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p7", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					// A pod with local storage.
+					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
+					pod.Spec.Volumes = []v1.Volume{
+						{
+							Name: "sample",
+							VolumeSource: v1.VolumeSource{
+								HostPath: &v1.HostPathVolumeSource{Path: "somePath"},
+								EmptyDir: &v1.EmptyDirVolumeSource{
+									SizeLimit: resource.NewQuantity(int64(10), resource.BinarySI),
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					}
+					// A Mirror Pod.
+					pod.Annotations = test.GetMirrorPodAnnotation()
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p8", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					// A Critical Pod.
+					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
+					pod.Namespace = "kube-system"
+					priority := utils.SystemCriticalPriority
+					pod.Spec.Priority = &priority
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p9", 0, 0, n2NodeName, test.SetRSOwnerRef),
+			},
+			nodemetricses: []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n1NodeName, 3201, 0),
+				test.BuildNodeMetrics(n2NodeName, 401, 0),
+			},
+			podmetricses: []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 801, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 801, 0),
+				test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 801, 0),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted:            3,
+			expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted: 2,
 		},
 	}

 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-			defer cancel()
+		testFnc := func(metricsEnabled bool, expectedPodsEvicted uint) func(t *testing.T) {
+			return func(t *testing.T) {
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+				defer cancel()

-			var objs []runtime.Object
-			for _, node := range tc.nodes {
-				objs = append(objs, node)
-			}
-			for _, pod := range tc.pods {
-				objs = append(objs, pod)
-			}
-			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
+				var objs []runtime.Object
+				for _, node := range tc.nodes {
+					objs = append(objs, node)
+				}
+				for _, pod := range tc.pods {
+					objs = append(objs, pod)
+				}

-			podsForEviction := make(map[string]struct{})
-			for _, pod := range tc.evictedPods {
-				podsForEviction[pod] = struct{}{}
-			}
+				fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)

-			evictionFailed := false
-			if len(tc.evictedPods) > 0 {
-				fakeClient.Fake.AddReactor("create", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-					getAction := action.(core.CreateAction)
-					obj := getAction.GetObject()
-					if eviction, ok := obj.(*policy.Eviction); ok {
-						if _, exists := podsForEviction[eviction.Name]; exists {
-							return true, obj, nil
-						}
-						evictionFailed = true
-						return true, nil, fmt.Errorf("pod %q was unexpectedly evicted", eviction.Name)
+				var collector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
+				if metricsEnabled {
+					metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+					for _, nodemetrics := range tc.nodemetricses {
+						metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, nodemetrics, "")
+					}
+					for _, podmetrics := range tc.podmetricses {
+						metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(podsgvr, podmetrics, podmetrics.Namespace)
 					}
-					return true, obj, nil
-				})
-			}

-			handle, podEvictor, err := frameworktesting.InitFrameworkHandle(ctx, fakeClient, nil, defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{NodeFit: true}, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize a framework handle: %v", err)
-			}
+					sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+					nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
+					sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+					sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())

-			plugin, err := NewLowNodeUtilization(&LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
-				Thresholds:             tc.thresholds,
-				TargetThresholds:       tc.targetThresholds,
-				UseDeviationThresholds: tc.useDeviationThresholds,
-				EvictableNamespaces:    tc.evictableNamespaces,
-			},
-				handle)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
-			}
-			plugin.(frameworktypes.BalancePlugin).Balance(ctx, tc.nodes)
+					collector = metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+					err := collector.Collect(ctx)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("unable to collect metrics: %v", err)
+					}
+				}

-			podsEvicted := podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
-			if tc.expectedPodsEvicted != podsEvicted {
-				t.Errorf("Expected %v pods to be evicted but %v got evicted", tc.expectedPodsEvicted, podsEvicted)
+				podsForEviction := make(map[string]struct{})
+				for _, pod := range tc.evictedPods {
+					podsForEviction[pod] = struct{}{}
+				}
+
+				evictionFailed := false
+				if len(tc.evictedPods) > 0 {
+					fakeClient.Fake.AddReactor("create", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+						getAction := action.(core.CreateAction)
+						obj := getAction.GetObject()
+						if eviction, ok := obj.(*policy.Eviction); ok {
+							if _, exists := podsForEviction[eviction.Name]; exists {
+								return true, obj, nil
+							}
+							evictionFailed = true
+							return true, nil, fmt.Errorf("pod %q was unexpectedly evicted", eviction.Name)
+						}
+						return true, obj, nil
+					})
+				}
+
+				handle, podEvictor, err := frameworktesting.InitFrameworkHandle(ctx, fakeClient, nil, defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{NodeFit: true}, nil)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize a framework handle: %v", err)
+				}
+				handle.MetricsCollectorImpl = collector
+
+				plugin, err := NewLowNodeUtilization(&LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
+					Thresholds:             tc.thresholds,
+					TargetThresholds:       tc.targetThresholds,
+					UseDeviationThresholds: tc.useDeviationThresholds,
+					EvictableNamespaces:    tc.evictableNamespaces,
+					MetricsUtilization: MetricsUtilization{
+						MetricsServer: metricsEnabled,
+					},
+				},
+					handle)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
+				}
+				plugin.(frameworktypes.BalancePlugin).Balance(ctx, tc.nodes)
+
+				podsEvicted := podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+				if expectedPodsEvicted != podsEvicted {
+					t.Errorf("Expected %v pods to be evicted but %v got evicted", expectedPodsEvicted, podsEvicted)
+				}
+				if evictionFailed {
+					t.Errorf("Pod evictions failed unexpectedly")
+				}
 			}
-			if evictionFailed {
-				t.Errorf("Pod evictions failed unexpectedly")
-			}
-		})
+		}
+		t.Run(tc.name, testFnc(false, tc.expectedPodsEvicted))
+		t.Run(tc.name+" with metrics enabled", testFnc(true, tc.expectedPodsWithMetricsEvicted))
 	}
 }

--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization.go
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
@@ -78,14 +77,14 @@ func getNodeThresholds(
 	nodes []*v1.Node,
 	lowThreshold, highThreshold api.ResourceThresholds,
 	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
-	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc,
 	useDeviationThresholds bool,
+	usageClient usageClient,
 ) map[string]NodeThresholds {
 	nodeThresholdsMap := map[string]NodeThresholds{}

 	averageResourceUsagePercent := api.ResourceThresholds{}
 	if useDeviationThresholds {
-		averageResourceUsagePercent = averageNodeBasicresources(nodes, getPodsAssignedToNode, resourceNames)
+		averageResourceUsagePercent = averageNodeBasicresources(nodes, usageClient)
 	}

 	for _, node := range nodes {
@@ -121,22 +120,15 @@ func getNodeThresholds(

 func getNodeUsage(
 	nodes []*v1.Node,
-	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
-	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc,
+	usageClient usageClient,
 ) []NodeUsage {
 	var nodeUsageList []NodeUsage

 	for _, node := range nodes {
-		pods, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, getPodsAssignedToNode, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			klog.V(2).InfoS("Node will not be processed, error accessing its pods", "node", klog.KObj(node), "err", err)
-			continue
-		}
-
 		nodeUsageList = append(nodeUsageList, NodeUsage{
 			node:    node,
-			usage:   nodeutil.NodeUtilization(pods, resourceNames),
-			allPods: pods,
+			usage:   usageClient.nodeUtilization(node.Name),
+			allPods: usageClient.pods(node.Name),
 		})
 	}

@@ -214,6 +206,26 @@ func classifyNodes(
 	return lowNodes, highNodes
 }

+func usageToKeysAndValues(usage map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity) []interface{} {
+	// log message in one line
+	keysAndValues := []interface{}{}
+	if quantity, exists := usage[v1.ResourceCPU]; exists {
+		keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, "CPU", quantity.MilliValue())
+	}
+	if quantity, exists := usage[v1.ResourceMemory]; exists {
+		keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, "Mem", quantity.Value())
+	}
+	if quantity, exists := usage[v1.ResourcePods]; exists {
+		keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, "Pods", quantity.Value())
+	}
+	for name := range usage {
+		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
+			keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), usage[name].Value())
+		}
+	}
+	return keysAndValues
+}
+
 // evictPodsFromSourceNodes evicts pods based on priority, if all the pods on the node have priority, if not
 // evicts them based on QoS as fallback option.
 // TODO: @ravig Break this function into smaller functions.
@@ -226,12 +238,12 @@ func evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 	podFilter func(pod *v1.Pod) bool,
 	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
 	continueEviction continueEvictionCond,
+	usageClient usageClient,
 ) {
 	// upper bound on total number of pods/cpu/memory and optional extended resources to be moved
-	totalAvailableUsage := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-		v1.ResourcePods:   {},
-		v1.ResourceCPU:    {},
-		v1.ResourceMemory: {},
+	totalAvailableUsage := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{}
+	for _, resourceName := range resourceNames {
+		totalAvailableUsage[resourceName] = &resource.Quantity{}
 	}

 	taintsOfDestinationNodes := make(map[string][]v1.Taint, len(destinationNodes))
@@ -239,6 +251,10 @@ func evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 		taintsOfDestinationNodes[node.node.Name] = node.node.Spec.Taints

 		for _, name := range resourceNames {
+			if _, exists := node.usage[name]; !exists {
+				klog.Errorf("unable to find %q resource in node's %q usage, terminating eviction", name, node.node.Name)
+				return
+			}
 			if _, ok := totalAvailableUsage[name]; !ok {
 				totalAvailableUsage[name] = resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
 			}
@@ -248,17 +264,7 @@ func evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 	}

 	// log message in one line
-	keysAndValues := []interface{}{
-		"CPU", totalAvailableUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(),
-		"Mem", totalAvailableUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value(),
-		"Pods", totalAvailableUsage[v1.ResourcePods].Value(),
-	}
-	for name := range totalAvailableUsage {
-		if !node.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), totalAvailableUsage[name].Value())
-		}
-	}
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Total capacity to be moved", keysAndValues...)
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Total capacity to be moved", usageToKeysAndValues(totalAvailableUsage)...)

 	for _, node := range sourceNodes {
 		klog.V(3).InfoS("Evicting pods from node", "node", klog.KObj(node.node), "usage", node.usage)
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@ func evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 		klog.V(1).InfoS("Evicting pods based on priority, if they have same priority, they'll be evicted based on QoS tiers")
 		// sort the evictable Pods based on priority. This also sorts them based on QoS. If there are multiple pods with same priority, they are sorted based on QoS tiers.
 		podutil.SortPodsBasedOnPriorityLowToHigh(removablePods)
-		err := evictPods(ctx, evictableNamespaces, removablePods, node, totalAvailableUsage, taintsOfDestinationNodes, podEvictor, evictOptions, continueEviction)
+		err := evictPods(ctx, evictableNamespaces, removablePods, node, totalAvailableUsage, taintsOfDestinationNodes, podEvictor, evictOptions, continueEviction, usageClient)
 		if err != nil {
 			switch err.(type) {
 			case *evictions.EvictionTotalLimitError:
@@ -295,6 +301,7 @@ func evictPods(
 	podEvictor frameworktypes.Evictor,
 	evictOptions evictions.EvictOptions,
 	continueEviction continueEvictionCond,
+	usageClient usageClient,
 ) error {
 	var excludedNamespaces sets.Set[string]
 	if evictableNamespaces != nil {
@@ -320,6 +327,11 @@ func evictPods(
 			if !preEvictionFilterWithOptions(pod) {
 				continue
 			}
+			podUsage, err := usageClient.podUsage(pod)
+			if err != nil {
+				klog.Errorf("unable to get pod usage for %v/%v: %v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, err)
+				continue
+			}
 			err = podEvictor.Evict(ctx, pod, evictOptions)
 			if err == nil {
 				klog.V(3).InfoS("Evicted pods", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
@@ -329,24 +341,15 @@ func evictPods(
 						nodeInfo.usage[name].Sub(*resource.NewQuantity(1, resource.DecimalSI))
 						totalAvailableUsage[name].Sub(*resource.NewQuantity(1, resource.DecimalSI))
 					} else {
-						quantity := utils.GetResourceRequestQuantity(pod, name)
-						nodeInfo.usage[name].Sub(quantity)
-						totalAvailableUsage[name].Sub(quantity)
+						nodeInfo.usage[name].Sub(*podUsage[name])
+						totalAvailableUsage[name].Sub(*podUsage[name])
 					}
 				}

 				keysAndValues := []interface{}{
 					"node", nodeInfo.node.Name,
-					"CPU", nodeInfo.usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(),
-					"Mem", nodeInfo.usage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value(),
-					"Pods", nodeInfo.usage[v1.ResourcePods].Value(),
 				}
-				for name := range totalAvailableUsage {
-					if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-						keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), totalAvailableUsage[name].Value())
-					}
-				}
-
+				keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, usageToKeysAndValues(nodeInfo.usage)...)
 				klog.V(3).InfoS("Updated node usage", keysAndValues...)
 				// check if pods can be still evicted
 				if !continueEviction(nodeInfo, totalAvailableUsage) {
@@ -368,14 +371,20 @@ func evictPods(
 // sortNodesByUsage sorts nodes based on usage according to the given plugin.
 func sortNodesByUsage(nodes []NodeInfo, ascending bool) {
 	sort.Slice(nodes, func(i, j int) bool {
-		ti := nodes[i].usage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value() + nodes[i].usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() + nodes[i].usage[v1.ResourcePods].Value()
-		tj := nodes[j].usage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value() + nodes[j].usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() + nodes[j].usage[v1.ResourcePods].Value()
-
-		// extended resources
-		for name := range nodes[i].usage {
-			if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-				ti = ti + nodes[i].usage[name].Value()
-				tj = tj + nodes[j].usage[name].Value()
+		ti := resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI).Value()
+		tj := resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI).Value()
+		for resourceName := range nodes[i].usage {
+			if resourceName == v1.ResourceCPU {
+				ti += nodes[i].usage[resourceName].MilliValue()
+			} else {
+				ti += nodes[i].usage[resourceName].Value()
+			}
+		}
+		for resourceName := range nodes[j].usage {
+			if resourceName == v1.ResourceCPU {
+				tj += nodes[j].usage[resourceName].MilliValue()
+			} else {
+				tj += nodes[j].usage[resourceName].Value()
 			}
 		}

@@ -437,17 +446,12 @@ func classifyPods(pods []*v1.Pod, filter func(pod *v1.Pod) bool) ([]*v1.Pod, []*
 	return nonRemovablePods, removablePods
 }

-func averageNodeBasicresources(nodes []*v1.Node, getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName) api.ResourceThresholds {
+func averageNodeBasicresources(nodes []*v1.Node, usageClient usageClient) api.ResourceThresholds {
 	total := api.ResourceThresholds{}
 	average := api.ResourceThresholds{}
 	numberOfNodes := len(nodes)
 	for _, node := range nodes {
-		pods, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, getPodsAssignedToNode, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			numberOfNodes--
-			continue
-		}
-		usage := nodeutil.NodeUtilization(pods, resourceNames)
+		usage := usageClient.nodeUtilization(node.Name)
 		nodeCapacity := node.Status.Capacity
 		if len(node.Status.Allocatable) > 0 {
 			nodeCapacity = node.Status.Allocatable
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization_test.go
@@ -25,82 +25,34 @@ import (
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 )

+func BuildTestNodeInfo(name string, apply func(*NodeInfo)) *NodeInfo {
+	nodeInfo := &NodeInfo{
+		NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
+			node: &v1.Node{
+				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
+					Capacity: v1.ResourceList{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(2000, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3977868*1024, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
+					},
+					Allocatable: v1.ResourceList{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(1930, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3287692*1024, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
+					},
+				},
+				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	apply(nodeInfo)
+	return nodeInfo
+}
+
 var (
 	lowPriority      = int32(0)
 	highPriority     = int32(10000)
 	extendedResource = v1.ResourceName("example.com/foo")
-	testNode1        = NodeInfo{
-		NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
-			node: &v1.Node{
-				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
-					Capacity: v1.ResourceList{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(2000, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3977868*1024, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
-					},
-					Allocatable: v1.ResourceList{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(1930, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3287692*1024, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
-					},
-				},
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node1"},
-			},
-			usage: map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-				v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1730, resource.DecimalSI),
-				v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-				v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(25, resource.BinarySI),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	testNode2 = NodeInfo{
-		NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
-			node: &v1.Node{
-				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
-					Capacity: v1.ResourceList{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(2000, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3977868*1024, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
-					},
-					Allocatable: v1.ResourceList{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(1930, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3287692*1024, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
-					},
-				},
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node2"},
-			},
-			usage: map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-				v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1220, resource.DecimalSI),
-				v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-				v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(11, resource.BinarySI),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	testNode3 = NodeInfo{
-		NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
-			node: &v1.Node{
-				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
-					Capacity: v1.ResourceList{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(2000, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3977868*1024, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
-					},
-					Allocatable: v1.ResourceList{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(1930, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3287692*1024, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
-					},
-				},
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node3"},
-			},
-			usage: map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-				v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1530, resource.DecimalSI),
-				v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(5038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-				v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(20, resource.BinarySI),
-			},
-		},
-	}
 )

 func TestResourceUsagePercentages(t *testing.T) {
@@ -141,26 +93,81 @@ func TestResourceUsagePercentages(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Logf("resourceUsagePercentage: %#v\n", resourceUsagePercentage)
 }

-func TestSortNodesByUsageDescendingOrder(t *testing.T) {
-	nodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode1, testNode2, testNode3}
-	expectedNodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode3, testNode1, testNode2} // testNode3 has the highest usage
-	sortNodesByUsage(nodeList, false)                               // ascending=false, sort nodes in descending order
+func TestSortNodesByUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                  string
+		nodeInfoList          []NodeInfo
+		expectedNodeInfoNames []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "cpu memory pods",
+			nodeInfoList: []NodeInfo{
+				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node1", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
+					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1730, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(25, resource.BinarySI),
+					}
+				}),
+				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node2", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
+					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1220, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(11, resource.BinarySI),
+					}
+				}),
+				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node3", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
+					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1530, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(5038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(20, resource.BinarySI),
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			expectedNodeInfoNames: []string{"node3", "node1", "node2"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "memory",
+			nodeInfoList: []NodeInfo{
+				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node1", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
+					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+					}
+				}),
+				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node2", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
+					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(2038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+					}
+				}),
+				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node3", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
+					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(5038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			expectedNodeInfoNames: []string{"node3", "node1", "node2"},
+		},
+	}

-	for i := 0; i < len(expectedNodeList); i++ {
-		if nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name {
-			t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name, nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSortNodesByUsageAscendingOrder(t *testing.T) {
-	nodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode1, testNode2, testNode3}
-	expectedNodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode2, testNode1, testNode3}
-	sortNodesByUsage(nodeList, true) // ascending=true, sort nodes in ascending order
-
-	for i := 0; i < len(expectedNodeList); i++ {
-		if nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name {
-			t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name, nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
-		}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name+" descending", func(t *testing.T) {
+			sortNodesByUsage(tc.nodeInfoList, false) // ascending=false, sort nodes in descending order
+
+			for i := 0; i < len(tc.nodeInfoList); i++ {
+				if tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[i] {
+					t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[i], tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+		t.Run(tc.name+" ascending", func(t *testing.T) {
+			sortNodesByUsage(tc.nodeInfoList, true) // ascending=true, sort nodes in ascending order
+
+			size := len(tc.nodeInfoList)
+			for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+				if tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[size-i-1] {
+					t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[size-i-1], tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
+				}
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/types.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/types.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type LowNodeUtilizationArgs struct {
 	Thresholds             api.ResourceThresholds `json:"thresholds"`
 	TargetThresholds       api.ResourceThresholds `json:"targetThresholds"`
 	NumberOfNodes          int                    `json:"numberOfNodes,omitempty"`
+	MetricsUtilization     MetricsUtilization     `json:"metricsUtilization,omitempty"`

 	// Naming this one differently since namespaces are still
 	// considered while considering resources used by pods
@@ -41,10 +42,19 @@ type LowNodeUtilizationArgs struct {
 type HighNodeUtilizationArgs struct {
 	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`

-	Thresholds    api.ResourceThresholds `json:"thresholds"`
-	NumberOfNodes int                    `json:"numberOfNodes,omitempty"`
+	Thresholds         api.ResourceThresholds `json:"thresholds"`
+	NumberOfNodes      int                    `json:"numberOfNodes,omitempty"`
+	MetricsUtilization MetricsUtilization     `json:"metricsUtilization,omitempty"`
+
 	// Naming this one differently since namespaces are still
 	// considered while considering resources used by pods
 	// but then filtered out before eviction
 	EvictableNamespaces *api.Namespaces `json:"evictableNamespaces,omitempty"`
 }
+
+// MetricsUtilization allow to consume actual resource utilization from metrics
+type MetricsUtilization struct {
+	// metricsServer enables metrics from a kubernetes metrics server.
+	// Please see https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/ for more.
+	MetricsServer bool `json:"metricsServer,omitempty"`
+}
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients.go
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package nodeutilization
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
+	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
+	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
+)
+
+type usageClient interface {
+	// Both low/high node utilization plugins are expected to invoke sync right
+	// after Balance method is invoked. There's no cache invalidation so each
+	// Balance is expected to get the latest data by invoking sync.
+	sync(nodes []*v1.Node) error
+	nodeUtilization(node string) map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+	pods(node string) []*v1.Pod
+	podUsage(pod *v1.Pod) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error)
+}
+
+type requestedUsageClient struct {
+	resourceNames         []v1.ResourceName
+	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
+
+	_pods            map[string][]*v1.Pod
+	_nodeUtilization map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+}
+
+var _ usageClient = &requestedUsageClient{}
+
+func newRequestedUsageClient(
+	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
+	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc,
+) *requestedUsageClient {
+	return &requestedUsageClient{
+		resourceNames:         resourceNames,
+		getPodsAssignedToNode: getPodsAssignedToNode,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *requestedUsageClient) nodeUtilization(node string) map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity {
+	return s._nodeUtilization[node]
+}
+
+func (s *requestedUsageClient) pods(node string) []*v1.Pod {
+	return s._pods[node]
+}
+
+func (s *requestedUsageClient) podUsage(pod *v1.Pod) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
+	usage := make(map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
+	for _, resourceName := range s.resourceNames {
+		usage[resourceName] = utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](utils.GetResourceRequestQuantity(pod, resourceName).DeepCopy())
+	}
+	return usage, nil
+}
+
+func (s *requestedUsageClient) sync(nodes []*v1.Node) error {
+	s._nodeUtilization = make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
+	s._pods = make(map[string][]*v1.Pod)
+
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		pods, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, s.getPodsAssignedToNode, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.V(2).InfoS("Node will not be processed, error accessing its pods", "node", klog.KObj(node), "err", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("error accessing %q node's pods: %v", node.Name, err)
+		}
+
+		nodeUsage, err := nodeutil.NodeUtilization(pods, s.resourceNames, func(pod *v1.Pod) (v1.ResourceList, error) {
+			req, _ := utils.PodRequestsAndLimits(pod)
+			return req, nil
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// store the snapshot of pods from the same (or the closest) node utilization computation
+		s._pods[node.Name] = pods
+		s._nodeUtilization[node.Name] = nodeUsage
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type actualUsageClient struct {
+	resourceNames         []v1.ResourceName
+	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
+	metricsCollector      *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
+
+	_pods            map[string][]*v1.Pod
+	_nodeUtilization map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+}
+
+var _ usageClient = &actualUsageClient{}
+
+func newActualUsageClient(
+	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
+	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc,
+	metricsCollector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector,
+) *actualUsageClient {
+	return &actualUsageClient{
+		resourceNames:         resourceNames,
+		getPodsAssignedToNode: getPodsAssignedToNode,
+		metricsCollector:      metricsCollector,
+	}
+}
+
+func (client *actualUsageClient) nodeUtilization(node string) map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity {
+	return client._nodeUtilization[node]
+}
+
+func (client *actualUsageClient) pods(node string) []*v1.Pod {
+	return client._pods[node]
+}
+
+func (client *actualUsageClient) podUsage(pod *v1.Pod) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
+	// It's not efficient to keep track of all pods in a cluster when only their fractions is evicted.
+	// Thus, take the current pod metrics without computing any softening (like e.g. EWMA).
+	podMetrics, err := client.metricsCollector.MetricsClient().MetricsV1beta1().PodMetricses(pod.Namespace).Get(context.TODO(), pod.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get podmetrics for %q/%q: %v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, err)
+	}
+
+	totalUsage := make(map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
+	for _, container := range podMetrics.Containers {
+		for _, resourceName := range client.resourceNames {
+			if resourceName == v1.ResourcePods {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, exists := container.Usage[resourceName]; !exists {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("pod %v/%v: container %q is missing %q resource", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, container.Name, resourceName)
+			}
+			if totalUsage[resourceName] == nil {
+				totalUsage[resourceName] = utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](container.Usage[resourceName].DeepCopy())
+			} else {
+				totalUsage[resourceName].Add(container.Usage[resourceName])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return totalUsage, nil
+}
+
+func (client *actualUsageClient) sync(nodes []*v1.Node) error {
+	client._nodeUtilization = make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
+	client._pods = make(map[string][]*v1.Pod)
+
+	nodesUsage, err := client.metricsCollector.AllNodesUsage()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		pods, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, client.getPodsAssignedToNode, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.V(2).InfoS("Node will not be processed, error accessing its pods", "node", klog.KObj(node), "err", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("error accessing %q node's pods: %v", node.Name, err)
+		}
+
+		nodeUsage, ok := nodesUsage[node.Name]
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to find node %q in the collected metrics", node.Name)
+		}
+		nodeUsage[v1.ResourcePods] = resource.NewQuantity(int64(len(pods)), resource.DecimalSI)
+
+		for _, resourceName := range client.resourceNames {
+			if _, exists := nodeUsage[resourceName]; !exists {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to find %q resource for collected %q node metric", resourceName, node.Name)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// store the snapshot of pods from the same (or the closest) node utilization computation
+		client._pods[node.Name] = pods
+		client._nodeUtilization[node.Name] = nodeUsage
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package nodeutilization
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
+	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
+	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
+)
+
+var (
+	nodesgvr = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+	podsgvr  = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "pods"}
+)
+
+func updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(
+	t *testing.T,
+	ctx context.Context,
+	newValue, expectedValue int64,
+	metricsClientset *fakemetricsclient.Clientset,
+	collector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector,
+	usageClient usageClient,
+	nodes []*v1.Node,
+	nodeName string,
+	nodemetrics *v1beta1.NodeMetrics,
+) {
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to %v", newValue)
+	nodemetrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(newValue, resource.DecimalSI)
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(nodesgvr, nodemetrics, "")
+	err := collector.Collect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to capture metrics: %v", err)
+	}
+	err = usageClient.sync(nodes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to capture a snapshot: %v", err)
+	}
+	nodeUtilization := usageClient.nodeUtilization(nodeName)
+	t.Logf("current node cpu usage: %v\n", nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
+	if nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() != expectedValue {
+		t.Fatalf("cpu node usage expected to be %v, got %v instead", expectedValue, nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
+	}
+	pods := usageClient.pods(nodeName)
+	fmt.Printf("pods: %#v\n", pods)
+	if len(pods) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 pods for node %v, got %v instead", nodeName, len(pods))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestActualUsageClient(t *testing.T) {
+	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n3 := test.BuildTestNode("n3", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 0, n1.Name, nil)
+	p21 := test.BuildTestPod("p21", 400, 0, n2.Name, nil)
+	p22 := test.BuildTestPod("p22", 400, 0, n2.Name, nil)
+	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 400, 0, n3.Name, nil)
+
+	nodes := []*v1.Node{n1, n2, n3}
+
+	n1metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 400, 1714978816)
+	n2metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 1400, 1714978816)
+	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)
+
+	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3, p1, p21, p22, p3)
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, n1metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, n2metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, n3metrics, "")
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	resourceNames := []v1.ResourceName{
+		v1.ResourceCPU,
+		v1.ResourceMemory,
+	}
+
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
+	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
+	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
+	podsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	collector := metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+
+	usageClient := newActualUsageClient(
+		resourceNames,
+		podsAssignedToNode,
+		collector,
+	)
+
+	updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(t, ctx,
+		1400, 1400,
+		metricsClientset, collector, usageClient, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
+	)
+
+	updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(t, ctx,
+		500, 1310,
+		metricsClientset, collector, usageClient, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
+	)
+
+	updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(t, ctx,
+		900, 1269,
+		metricsClientset, collector, usageClient, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
+	)
+}
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func (in *HighNodeUtilizationArgs) DeepCopyInto(out *HighNodeUtilizationArgs) {
 			(*out)[key] = val
 		}
 	}
+	out.MetricsUtilization = in.MetricsUtilization
 	if in.EvictableNamespaces != nil {
 		in, out := &in.EvictableNamespaces, &out.EvictableNamespaces
 		*out = new(api.Namespaces)
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ func (in *LowNodeUtilizationArgs) DeepCopyInto(out *LowNodeUtilizationArgs) {
 			(*out)[key] = val
 		}
 	}
+	out.MetricsUtilization = in.MetricsUtilization
 	if in.EvictableNamespaces != nil {
 		in, out := &in.EvictableNamespaces, &out.EvictableNamespaces
 		*out = new(api.Namespaces)
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/profile/profile.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/profile/profile.go
@@ -20,21 +20,22 @@ import (

 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/errors"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
+	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
+	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 )

 // evictorImpl implements the Evictor interface so plugins
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ func (ei *evictorImpl) Evict(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts evictions.Ev
 // handleImpl implements the framework handle which gets passed to plugins
 type handleImpl struct {
 	clientSet                 clientset.Interface
+	metricsCollector          *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
 	getPodsAssignedToNodeFunc podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
 	sharedInformerFactory     informers.SharedInformerFactory
 	evictor                   *evictorImpl
@@ -79,6 +81,10 @@ func (hi *handleImpl) ClientSet() clientset.Interface {
 	return hi.clientSet
 }

+func (hi *handleImpl) MetricsCollector() *metricscollector.MetricsCollector {
+	return hi.metricsCollector
+}
+
 // GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc retrieves GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc implementation
 func (hi *handleImpl) GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc() podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc {
 	return hi.getPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
@@ -128,6 +134,7 @@ type handleImplOpts struct {
 	sharedInformerFactory     informers.SharedInformerFactory
 	getPodsAssignedToNodeFunc podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
 	podEvictor                *evictions.PodEvictor
+	metricsCollector          *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
 }

 // WithClientSet sets clientSet for the scheduling frameworkImpl.
@@ -155,6 +162,12 @@ func WithGetPodsAssignedToNodeFnc(getPodsAssignedToNodeFunc podutil.GetPodsAssig
 	}
 }

+func WithMetricsCollector(metricsCollector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector) Option {
+	return func(o *handleImplOpts) {
+		o.metricsCollector = metricsCollector
+	}
+}
+
 func getPluginConfig(pluginName string, pluginConfigs []api.PluginConfig) (*api.PluginConfig, int) {
 	for idx, pluginConfig := range pluginConfigs {
 		if pluginConfig.Name == pluginName {
@@ -253,6 +266,7 @@ func NewProfile(config api.DeschedulerProfile, reg pluginregistry.Registry, opts
 			profileName: config.Name,
 			podEvictor:  hOpts.podEvictor,
 		},
+		metricsCollector: hOpts.metricsCollector,
 	}

 	pluginNames := append(config.Plugins.Deschedule.Enabled, config.Plugins.Balance.Enabled...)
@@ -305,7 +319,8 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunDeschedulePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 		var span trace.Span
 		ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, pl.Name(), trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("plugin", pl.Name()), attribute.String("profile", d.profileName), attribute.String("operation", tracing.DescheduleOperation)))
 		defer span.End()
-		evicted := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+		evictedBeforeDeschedule := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+		evictionRequestsBeforeDeschedule := d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()
 		strategyStart := time.Now()
 		status := pl.Deschedule(ctx, nodes)
 		metrics.DeschedulerStrategyDuration.With(map[string]string{"strategy": pl.Name(), "profile": d.profileName}).Observe(time.Since(strategyStart).Seconds())
@@ -314,7 +329,7 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunDeschedulePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 			span.AddEvent("Plugin Execution Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", status.Err.Error())))
 			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("plugin %q finished with error: %v", pl.Name(), status.Err))
 		}
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of pods evicted", "extension point", "Deschedule", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evicted)
+		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of evictions/requests", "extension point", "Deschedule", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evictedBeforeDeschedule, "evictionRequests", d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()-evictionRequestsBeforeDeschedule)
 	}

 	aggrErr := errors.NewAggregate(errs)
@@ -333,7 +348,8 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunBalancePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *f
 		var span trace.Span
 		ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, pl.Name(), trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("plugin", pl.Name()), attribute.String("profile", d.profileName), attribute.String("operation", tracing.BalanceOperation)))
 		defer span.End()
-		evicted := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+		evictedBeforeBalance := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+		evictionRequestsBeforeBalance := d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()
 		strategyStart := time.Now()
 		status := pl.Balance(ctx, nodes)
 		metrics.DeschedulerStrategyDuration.With(map[string]string{"strategy": pl.Name(), "profile": d.profileName}).Observe(time.Since(strategyStart).Seconds())
@@ -342,7 +358,7 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunBalancePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *f
 			span.AddEvent("Plugin Execution Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", status.Err.Error())))
 			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("plugin %q finished with error: %v", pl.Name(), status.Err))
 		}
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of pods evicted", "extension point", "Balance", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evicted)
+		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of evictions/requests", "extension point", "Balance", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evictedBeforeBalance, "evictionRequests", d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()-evictionRequestsBeforeBalance)
 	}

 	aggrErr := errors.NewAggregate(errs)
--- a/pkg/framework/testing/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/testing/utils.go
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ import (
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"

 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	frameworkfake "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/fake"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
@@ -44,7 +46,14 @@ func InitFrameworkHandle(
 	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
 	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
 	eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
-	podEvictor := evictions.NewPodEvictor(client, eventRecorder, evictionOptions)
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	podEvictor, err := evictions.NewPodEvictor(ctx, client, eventRecorder, podInformer, featureGates, evictionOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to initialize pod evictor: %v", err)
+	}
 	evictorFilter, err := defaultevictor.New(
 		&defaultEvictorArgs,
 		&frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
--- a/pkg/framework/types/types.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/types/types.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 )

@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ type Handle interface {
 	Evictor() Evictor
 	GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc() podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
 	SharedInformerFactory() informers.SharedInformerFactory
+	MetricsCollector() *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
 }

 // Evictor defines an interface for filtering and evicting pods
--- a/pkg/utils/pod.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/pod.go
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ package utils
 import (
 	"fmt"

+	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+
+	policyv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/policy/v1"
+
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
@@ -115,6 +120,38 @@ func IsPodWithPVC(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
 	return false
 }

+// IsPodCoveredByPDB returns true if the pod is covered by at least one PodDisruptionBudget.
+func IsPodCoveredByPDB(pod *v1.Pod, lister policyv1.PodDisruptionBudgetLister) (bool, error) {
+	// We can't use the GetPodPodDisruptionBudgets expansion method here because it treats no pdb as an error,
+	// but we want to return false.
+
+	list, err := lister.PodDisruptionBudgets(pod.Namespace).List(labels.Everything())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if len(list) == 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	podLabels := labels.Set(pod.Labels)
+	var pdbList []*policy.PodDisruptionBudget
+	for _, pdb := range list {
+		selector, err := metav1.LabelSelectorAsSelector(pdb.Spec.Selector)
+		if err != nil {
+			// This object has an invalid selector, it will never match the pod
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !selector.Matches(podLabels) {
+			continue
+		}
+		pdbList = append(pdbList, pdb)
+	}
+
+	return len(pdbList) > 0, nil
+}
+
 // GetPodSource returns the source of the pod based on the annotation.
 func GetPodSource(pod *v1.Pod) (string, error) {
 	if pod.Annotations != nil {
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_duplicatepods_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_duplicatepods_test.go
@@ -21,30 +21,68 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
-	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates"
-	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 )

+func removeDuplicatesPolicy(removeDuplicatesArgs *removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs, evictorArgs *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs) *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: removeduplicates.PluginName + "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: removeduplicates.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: removeDuplicatesArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: evictorArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
+					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Balance: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							removeduplicates.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRemoveDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()

 	clientSet, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error during client creation with %v", err)
+		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
 	}

 	nodeList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
@@ -62,67 +100,33 @@ func TestRemoveDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
 	defer clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, testNamespace.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})

 	t.Log("Creating duplicates pods")
-
-	deploymentObj := &appsv1.Deployment{
-		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name:      "duplicate-pod",
-			Namespace: testNamespace.Name,
-			Labels:    map[string]string{"app": "test-duplicate", "name": "test-duplicatePods"},
-		},
-		Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpec{
-			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
-				MatchLabels: map[string]string{"app": "test-duplicate", "name": "test-duplicatePods"},
-			},
-			Template: v1.PodTemplateSpec{
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-					Labels: map[string]string{"app": "test-duplicate", "name": "test-duplicatePods"},
-				},
-				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
-					SecurityContext: &v1.PodSecurityContext{
-						RunAsNonRoot: utilptr.To(true),
-						RunAsUser:    utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-						RunAsGroup:   utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-						SeccompProfile: &v1.SeccompProfile{
-							Type: v1.SeccompProfileTypeRuntimeDefault,
-						},
-					},
-					Containers: []v1.Container{{
-						Name:            "pause",
-						ImagePullPolicy: "Always",
-						Image:           "registry.k8s.io/pause",
-						Ports:           []v1.ContainerPort{{ContainerPort: 80}},
-						SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
-							AllowPrivilegeEscalation: utilptr.To(false),
-							Capabilities: &v1.Capabilities{
-								Drop: []v1.Capability{
-									"ALL",
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					}},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
+	testLabel := map[string]string{"app": "test-duplicate", "name": "test-duplicatePods"}
+	deploymentObj := buildTestDeployment("duplicate-pod", testNamespace.Name, 0, testLabel, nil)

 	tests := []struct {
-		description             string
+		name                    string
 		replicasNum             int
 		beforeFunc              func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment)
-		expectedEvictedPodCount uint
-		minReplicas             uint
+		expectedEvictedPodCount int
+		removeDuplicatesArgs    *removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs
+		evictorArgs             *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs
 	}{
 		{
-			description: "Evict Pod even Pods schedule to specific node",
+			name:        "Evict Pod even Pods schedule to specific node",
 			replicasNum: 4,
 			beforeFunc: func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
 				deployment.Spec.Replicas = utilptr.To[int32](4)
 				deployment.Spec.Template.Spec.NodeName = workerNodes[0].Name
 			},
 			expectedEvictedPodCount: 2,
+			removeDuplicatesArgs:    &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{},
+			evictorArgs: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
+				EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
+				MinReplicas:           3,
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			description: "Evict Pod even Pods with local storage",
+			name:        "Evict Pod even Pods with local storage",
 			replicasNum: 5,
 			beforeFunc: func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
 				deployment.Spec.Replicas = utilptr.To[int32](5)
@@ -138,19 +142,28 @@ func TestRemoveDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			},
 			expectedEvictedPodCount: 2,
+			removeDuplicatesArgs:    &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{},
+			evictorArgs: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
+				EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
+				MinReplicas:           3,
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			description: "Ignores eviction with minReplicas of 4",
+			name:        "Ignores eviction with minReplicas of 4",
 			replicasNum: 3,
 			beforeFunc: func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
 				deployment.Spec.Replicas = utilptr.To[int32](3)
 			},
 			expectedEvictedPodCount: 0,
-			minReplicas:             4,
+			removeDuplicatesArgs:    &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{},
+			evictorArgs: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
+				EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
+				MinReplicas:           4,
+			},
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Logf("Creating deployment %v in %v namespace", deploymentObj.Name, deploymentObj.Namespace)
 			tc.beforeFunc(deploymentObj)

@@ -158,52 +171,93 @@ func TestRemoveDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Logf("Error creating deployment: %v", err)
 				if err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).DeleteCollection(ctx, metav1.DeleteOptions{}, metav1.ListOptions{
-					LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set(map[string]string{"app": "test-duplicate", "name": "test-duplicatePods"})).String(),
+					LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(deploymentObj.Labels).String(),
 				}); err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete deployment: %v", err)
 				}
 				return
 			}
-			defer clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-			waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, map[string]string{"app": "test-duplicate", "name": "test-duplicatePods"}, tc.replicasNum, testNamespace.Name)
+			defer func() {
+				clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deploymentObj.Labels, deploymentObj.Namespace)
+			}()
+			waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deploymentObj.Labels, tc.replicasNum, deploymentObj.Namespace)

-			// Run removeduplicates plugin
-			evictionPolicyGroupVersion, err := eutils.SupportEviction(clientSet)
-			if err != nil || len(evictionPolicyGroupVersion) == 0 {
-				t.Fatalf("Error creating eviction policy group %v", err)
+			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+
+			// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
+			tc.removeDuplicatesArgs.Namespaces = &api.Namespaces{
+				Include: []string{testNamespace.Name},
 			}
-
-			handle, podEvictor, err := frameworktesting.InitFrameworkHandle(
-				ctx,
-				clientSet,
-				nil,
-				defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
-					EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
-					MinReplicas:           tc.minReplicas,
-				},
-				nil,
-			)
+			deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(removeDuplicatesPolicy(tc.removeDuplicatesArgs, tc.evictorArgs))
 			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize a framework handle: %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
 			}

-			plugin, err := removeduplicates.New(&removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{
-				Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-					Include: []string{testNamespace.Name},
-				},
-			},
-				handle,
-			)
+			t.Logf("Creating %q policy CM with RemoveDuplicates configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
 			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
 			}
-			t.Log("Running removeduplicates plugin")
-			plugin.(frameworktypes.BalancePlugin).Balance(ctx, workerNodes)

-			waitForTerminatingPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, testNamespace.Name)
-			actualEvictedPodCount := podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
-			if actualEvictedPodCount != tc.expectedEvictedPodCount {
-				t.Errorf("Test error for description: %s. Unexpected number of pods have been evicted, got %v, expected %v", tc.description, actualEvictedPodCount, tc.expectedEvictedPodCount)
+			defer func() {
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q CM...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment(testNamespace.Name)
+			t.Logf("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			deschedulerPodName := ""
+			defer func() {
+				if deschedulerPodName != "" {
+					printPodLogs(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerPodName)
+				}
+
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q deployment...", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+				}
+
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			}()
+
+			t.Logf("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
+			deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			if len(deschedulerPods) != 0 {
+				deschedulerPodName = deschedulerPods[0].Name
+			}
+
+			// Run RemoveDuplicates strategy
+			var meetsExpectations bool
+			var actualEvictedPodCount int
+			if err = wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+				currentRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+				actualEvictedPod := preRunNames.Difference(currentRunNames)
+				actualEvictedPodCount = actualEvictedPod.Len()
+				t.Logf("preRunNames: %v, currentRunNames: %v, actualEvictedPodCount: %v\n", preRunNames.List(), currentRunNames.List(), actualEvictedPodCount)
+				if actualEvictedPodCount != tc.expectedEvictedPodCount {
+					t.Logf("Expecting %v number of pods evicted, got %v instead", tc.expectedEvictedPodCount, actualEvictedPodCount)
+					return false, nil
+				}
+				meetsExpectations = true
+				return true, nil
+			}); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Error waiting for descheduler running: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if !meetsExpectations {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected number of pods have been evicted, got %v, expected %v", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.expectedEvictedPodCount)
+			} else {
+				t.Logf("Total of %d Pods were evicted for %s", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.name)
 			}
 		})
 	}
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_evictioninbackground_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_evictioninbackground_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
+	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
+	kvcorev1 "kubevirt.io/api/core/v1"
+	generatedclient "kubevirt.io/client-go/generated/kubevirt/clientset/versioned"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime"
+)
+
+const (
+	vmiCount = 3
+)
+
+func virtualMachineInstance(idx int) *kvcorev1.VirtualMachineInstance {
+	return &kvcorev1.VirtualMachineInstance{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name: fmt.Sprintf("kubevirtvmi-%v", idx),
+			Annotations: map[string]string{
+				"descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/request-evict-only": "",
+			},
+		},
+		Spec: kvcorev1.VirtualMachineInstanceSpec{
+			EvictionStrategy: utilptr.To[kvcorev1.EvictionStrategy](kvcorev1.EvictionStrategyLiveMigrate),
+			Domain: kvcorev1.DomainSpec{
+				Devices: kvcorev1.Devices{
+					AutoattachPodInterface: utilptr.To[bool](false),
+					Disks: []kvcorev1.Disk{
+						{
+							Name: "containerdisk",
+							DiskDevice: kvcorev1.DiskDevice{
+								Disk: &kvcorev1.DiskTarget{
+									Bus: kvcorev1.DiskBusVirtio,
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Name: "cloudinitdisk",
+							DiskDevice: kvcorev1.DiskDevice{
+								Disk: &kvcorev1.DiskTarget{
+									Bus: kvcorev1.DiskBusVirtio,
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					Rng: &kvcorev1.Rng{},
+				},
+				Resources: kvcorev1.ResourceRequirements{
+					Requests: v1.ResourceList{
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("1024M"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			TerminationGracePeriodSeconds: utilptr.To[int64](0),
+			Volumes: []kvcorev1.Volume{
+				{
+					Name: "containerdisk",
+					VolumeSource: kvcorev1.VolumeSource{
+						ContainerDisk: &kvcorev1.ContainerDiskSource{
+							Image: "quay.io/kubevirt/fedora-with-test-tooling-container-disk:20240710_1265d1090",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Name: "cloudinitdisk",
+					VolumeSource: kvcorev1.VolumeSource{
+						CloudInitNoCloud: &kvcorev1.CloudInitNoCloudSource{
+							UserData: `#cloud-config
+password: fedora
+chpasswd: { expire: False }
+packages:
+  - nginx
+runcmd:
+  - [ "systemctl", "enable", "--now", "nginx" ]`,
+							NetworkData: `version: 2
+ethernets:
+  eth0:
+    addresses: [ fd10:0:2::2/120 ]
+    dhcp4: true
+    gateway6: fd10:0:2::1`,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func waitForKubevirtReady(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kvClient generatedclient.Interface) {
+	obj, err := kvClient.KubevirtV1().KubeVirts("kubevirt").Get(ctx, "kubevirt", metav1.GetOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to get kubevirt/kubevirt: %v", err)
+	}
+	available := false
+	for _, condition := range obj.Status.Conditions {
+		if condition.Type == kvcorev1.KubeVirtConditionAvailable {
+			if condition.Status == corev1.ConditionTrue {
+				available = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !available {
+		t.Fatalf("Kubevirt is not available")
+	}
+	klog.Infof("Kubevirt is available")
+}
+
+func allVMIsHaveRunningPods(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, kvClient generatedclient.Interface) (bool, error) {
+	klog.Infof("Checking all vmi active pods are running")
+	uidMap := make(map[types.UID]*corev1.Pod)
+	podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "client rate limiter") {
+			klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range podList.Items {
+		pod := item
+		klog.Infof("item: %#v\n", item.UID)
+		uidMap[item.UID] = &pod
+	}
+
+	vmiList, err := kvClient.KubevirtV1().VirtualMachineInstances("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		klog.Infof("Unable to list VMIs: %v", err)
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if len(vmiList.Items) != vmiCount {
+		klog.Infof("Expected %v VMIs, got %v instead", vmiCount, len(vmiList.Items))
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range vmiList.Items {
+		atLeastOneVmiIsRunning := false
+		for activePod := range item.Status.ActivePods {
+			if _, exists := uidMap[activePod]; !exists {
+				klog.Infof("Active pod %v not found", activePod)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			klog.Infof("Checking whether active pod %v (uid=%v) is running", uidMap[activePod].Name, activePod)
+			// ignore completed/failed pods
+			if uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase == corev1.PodFailed || uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase == corev1.PodSucceeded {
+				klog.Infof("Ignoring active pod %v, phase=%v", uidMap[activePod].Name, uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase)
+				continue
+			}
+			if uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase != corev1.PodRunning {
+				klog.Infof("activePod %v is not running: %v\n", uidMap[activePod].Name, uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			atLeastOneVmiIsRunning = true
+		}
+		if !atLeastOneVmiIsRunning {
+			klog.Infof("vmi %v does not have any activePod running\n", item.Name)
+			return false, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func podLifeTimePolicy() *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: "KubeVirtPodLifetimeProfile",
+				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: podlifetime.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: &podlifetime.PodLifeTimeArgs{
+								MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: utilptr.To[uint](1), // set it to immediate eviction
+								Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
+									Include: []string{"default"},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
+								EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
+					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Deschedule: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							podlifetime.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func kVirtRunningPodNames(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface) []string {
+	names := []string{}
+	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			if isClientRateLimiterError(err) {
+				t.Log(err)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		for _, item := range podList.Items {
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(item.Name, "virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-") {
+				t.Fatalf("Only pod names with 'virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-' prefix are expected, got %q instead", item.Name)
+			}
+			if item.Status.Phase == corev1.PodRunning {
+				names = append(names, item.Name)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return true, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to list running kvirt pod names: %v", err)
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func observeLiveMigration(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, usedRunningPodNames map[string]struct{}) {
+	prevTotal := uint(0)
+	jumps := 0
+	// keep running the descheduling cycle until the migration is triggered and completed few times or times out
+	for i := 0; i < 240; i++ {
+		// monitor how many pods get evicted
+		names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
+		klog.Infof("vmi pods: %#v\n", names)
+		// The number of pods need to be kept between vmiCount and vmiCount+1.
+		// At most two pods are expected to have virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-X prefix name in common.
+		prefixes := make(map[string]uint)
+		for _, name := range names {
+			// "virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-"
+			str := strings.Split(name, "-")[4]
+			prefixes[str]++
+			usedRunningPodNames[name] = struct{}{}
+		}
+
+		hasDouble := false
+		total := uint(0)
+		for idx, count := range prefixes {
+			total += count
+			if count > 2 {
+				t.Fatalf("A vmi kubevirtvmi-%v has more than 2 running active pods (%v), not expected", idx, count)
+			}
+			if count == 2 {
+				if !hasDouble {
+					hasDouble = true
+					continue
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("Another vmi with 2 running active pods, not expected")
+			}
+		}
+		// The total sum can not be higher than vmiCount+1
+		if total > vmiCount+1 {
+			t.Fatalf("Total running pods (%v) are higher than expected vmiCount+1 (%v)", total, vmiCount+1)
+		}
+
+		if prevTotal != 0 && prevTotal != total {
+			jumps++
+		}
+		// Expect at least 3 finished live migrations (two should be enough as well, though ...)
+		if jumps >= 6 {
+			break
+		}
+		prevTotal = total
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	}
+
+	if jumps < 6 {
+		podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			for _, item := range podList.Items {
+				klog.Infof("pod(%v): %#v", item.Name, item)
+			}
+		}
+
+		t.Fatalf("Expected at least 3 finished live migrations, got less: %v", jumps/2.0)
+	}
+	klog.Infof("The live migration finished 3 times")
+
+	// len(usedRunningPodNames) is expected to be vmiCount + jumps/2 + 1 (one more live migration could still be initiated)
+	klog.Infof("len(usedRunningPodNames): %v, upper limit: %v\n", len(usedRunningPodNames), vmiCount+jumps/2+1)
+	if len(usedRunningPodNames) > vmiCount+jumps/2+1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected vmiCount + jumps/2 + 1 = %v running pods, got %v instead", vmiCount+jumps/2+1, len(usedRunningPodNames))
+	}
+
+	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
+		klog.Infof("vmi pods: %#v\n", names)
+		lNames := len(names)
+		if lNames != vmiCount {
+			klog.Infof("Waiting for the number of running vmi pods to be %v, got %v instead", vmiCount, lNames)
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		klog.Infof("The number of running vmi pods is %v as expected", vmiCount)
+		return true, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for %v vmi active pods to be running: %v", vmiCount, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func createAndWaitForDeschedulerRunning(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, deschedulerDeploymentObj *appsv1.Deployment) string {
+	klog.Infof("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+	_, err := kubeClient.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+	}
+
+	klog.Infof("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
+	deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+	if len(deschedulerPods) == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for %q deployment: no running pod found", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+	}
+	return deschedulerPods[0].Name
+}
+
+func updateDeschedulerPolicy(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, policy *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy) {
+	deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM with unlimited evictions: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+	}
+	_, err = kubeClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Update(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error updating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func createKubevirtClient() (generatedclient.Interface, error) {
+	loadingRules := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfigLoadingRules()
+	loadingRules.DefaultClientConfig = &clientcmd.DefaultClientConfig
+	overrides := &clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{}
+	clientConfig := clientcmd.NewNonInteractiveDeferredLoadingClientConfig(loadingRules, overrides)
+
+	config, err := clientConfig.ClientConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	config.GroupVersion = &kvcorev1.StorageGroupVersion
+	config.APIPath = "/apis"
+	config.ContentType = runtime.ContentTypeJSON
+
+	return generatedclient.NewForConfig(config)
+}
+
+func TestLiveMigrationInBackground(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	kubeClient, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
+	}
+
+	kvClient, err := createKubevirtClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error during kvClient creation with %v", err)
+	}
+
+	waitForKubevirtReady(t, ctx, kvClient)
+
+	// Delete all VMIs
+	defer func() {
+		for i := 1; i <= vmiCount; i++ {
+			vmi := virtualMachineInstance(i)
+			err := kvClient.KubevirtV1().VirtualMachineInstances("default").Delete(context.Background(), vmi.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+			if err != nil && !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+				klog.Infof("Unable to delete vmi %v: %v", vmi.Name, err)
+			}
+		}
+		wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+			podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				return false, err
+			}
+			lPods := len(podList.Items)
+			if lPods > 0 {
+				klog.Infof("Waiting until all pods under default namespace are gone, %v remaining", lPods)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			return true, nil
+		})
+	}()
+
+	// Create N vmis and wait for the corresponding vm pods to be ready and running
+	for i := 1; i <= vmiCount; i++ {
+		vmi := virtualMachineInstance(i)
+		_, err = kvClient.KubevirtV1().VirtualMachineInstances("default").Create(context.Background(), vmi, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Unable to create KubeVirt vmi: %v\n", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Wait until all VMIs have running pods
+	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 300*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		return allVMIsHaveRunningPods(t, ctx, kubeClient, kvClient)
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for all vmi active pods to be running: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	usedRunningPodNames := make(map[string]struct{})
+	// vmiCount number of names is expected
+	names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
+	klog.Infof("vmi pods: %#v\n", names)
+	if len(names) != vmiCount {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v vmi pods, got %v instead", vmiCount, len(names))
+	}
+	for _, name := range names {
+		usedRunningPodNames[name] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	policy := podLifeTimePolicy()
+	// Allow only a single eviction simultaneously
+	policy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = utilptr.To[uint](1)
+	// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
+	deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+	}
+	klog.Infof("Creating %q policy CM with RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+	_, err = kubeClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		klog.Infof("Deleting %q CM...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+		err = kubeClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment("kube-system")
+	// Set the descheduling interval to 10s
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = []string{"--policy-config-file", "/policy-dir/policy.yaml", "--descheduling-interval", "10s", "--v", "4", "--feature-gates", "EvictionsInBackground=true"}
+
+	deschedulerPodName := ""
+	defer func() {
+		if deschedulerPodName != "" {
+			printPodLogs(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerPodName)
+		}
+
+		klog.Infof("Deleting %q deployment...", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+		err = kubeClient.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+				return
+			}
+			t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+		}
+		waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+	}()
+
+	deschedulerPodName = createAndWaitForDeschedulerRunning(t, ctx, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj)
+
+	observeLiveMigration(t, ctx, kubeClient, usedRunningPodNames)
+
+	printPodLogs(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerPodName)
+
+	klog.Infof("Deleting the current descheduler pod")
+	err = kubeClient.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error deleting %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+	}
+
+	remainingPods := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, name := range kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient) {
+		remainingPods[name] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	klog.Infof("Configuring the descheduler policy %v for PodLifetime with no limits", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+	policy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = nil
+	updateDeschedulerPolicy(t, ctx, kubeClient, policy)
+
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj = deschedulerDeployment("kube-system")
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = []string{"--policy-config-file", "/policy-dir/policy.yaml", "--descheduling-interval", "100m", "--v", "4", "--feature-gates", "EvictionsInBackground=true"}
+	deschedulerPodName = createAndWaitForDeschedulerRunning(t, ctx, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj)
+
+	klog.Infof("Waiting until all pods are evicted (no limit set)")
+	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 120*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
+		for _, name := range names {
+			if _, exists := remainingPods[name]; exists {
+				klog.Infof("Waiting for %v to disappear", name)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+		}
+		lNames := len(names)
+		if lNames != vmiCount {
+			klog.Infof("Waiting for the number of newly running vmi pods to be %v, got %v instead", vmiCount, lNames)
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		klog.Infof("The number of newly running vmi pods is %v as expected", vmiCount)
+		return true, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for %v new vmi active pods to be running: %v", vmiCount, err)
+	}
+}
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_failedpods_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_failedpods_test.go
@@ -11,130 +11,216 @@ import (
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"

+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods"
-	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

-var oneHourPodLifetimeSeconds uint = 3600
+var (
+	oneHourPodLifetimeSeconds   uint = 3600
+	oneSecondPodLifetimeSeconds uint = 1
+)
+
+func removeFailedPodsPolicy(removeFailedPodsArgs *removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs, evictorArgs *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs) *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: removefailedpods.PluginName + "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: removefailedpods.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: removeFailedPodsArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: evictorArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
+					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Deschedule: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							removefailedpods.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

 func TestFailedPods(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()

 	clientSet, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error during client creation with %v", err)
+		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
 	}

-	nodeList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error listing node with %v", err)
-	}
-	nodes, _ := splitNodesAndWorkerNodes(nodeList.Items)
 	t.Log("Creating testing namespace")
 	testNamespace := &v1.Namespace{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "e2e-" + strings.ToLower(t.Name())}}
 	if _, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(ctx, testNamespace, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create ns %v", testNamespace.Name)
 	}
 	defer clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, testNamespace.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		expectedEvictedCount uint
-		args                 *removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                    string
+		expectedEvictedPodCount int
+		removeFailedPodsArgs    *removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs
 	}{
-		"test-failed-pods-default-args": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 1,
-			args:                 &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{},
-		},
-		"test-failed-pods-reason-unmatched": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 0,
-			args: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
-				Reasons: []string{"ReasonDoesNotMatch"},
+		{
+			name:                    "test-failed-pods-default-args",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 1,
+			removeFailedPodsArgs: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
+				MinPodLifetimeSeconds: &oneSecondPodLifetimeSeconds,
 			},
 		},
-		"test-failed-pods-min-age-unmet": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 0,
-			args: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
+		{
+			name:                    "test-failed-pods-reason-unmatched",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 0,
+			removeFailedPodsArgs: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
+				Reasons:               []string{"ReasonDoesNotMatch"},
+				MinPodLifetimeSeconds: &oneSecondPodLifetimeSeconds,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:                    "test-failed-pods-min-age-unmet",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 0,
+			removeFailedPodsArgs: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
 				MinPodLifetimeSeconds: &oneHourPodLifetimeSeconds,
 			},
 		},
-		"test-failed-pods-exclude-job-kind": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 0,
-			args: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
-				ExcludeOwnerKinds: []string{"Job"},
+		{
+			name:                    "test-failed-pods-exclude-job-kind",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 0,
+			removeFailedPodsArgs: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
+				ExcludeOwnerKinds:     []string{"Job"},
+				MinPodLifetimeSeconds: &oneSecondPodLifetimeSeconds,
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	for name, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			job := initFailedJob(name, testNamespace.Namespace)
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			job := initFailedJob(tc.name, testNamespace.Namespace)
 			t.Logf("Creating job %s in %s namespace", job.Name, job.Namespace)
 			jobClient := clientSet.BatchV1().Jobs(testNamespace.Name)
 			if _, err := jobClient.Create(ctx, job, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Error creating Job %s: %v", name, err)
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating Job %s: %v", tc.name, err)
 			}
 			deletePropagationPolicy := metav1.DeletePropagationForeground
-			defer jobClient.Delete(ctx, job.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{PropagationPolicy: &deletePropagationPolicy})
+			defer func() {
+				jobClient.Delete(ctx, job.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{PropagationPolicy: &deletePropagationPolicy})
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, job.Labels, job.Namespace)
+			}()
 			waitForJobPodPhase(ctx, t, clientSet, job, v1.PodFailed)

-			evictionPolicyGroupVersion, err := eutils.SupportEviction(clientSet)
-			if err != nil || len(evictionPolicyGroupVersion) == 0 {
-				t.Fatalf("Error detecting eviction policy group: %v", err)
+			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+
+			// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
+			evictorArgs := &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
+				EvictLocalStoragePods:   true,
+				EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
+				IgnorePvcPods:           false,
+				EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
+			}
+			tc.removeFailedPodsArgs.Namespaces = &api.Namespaces{
+				Include: []string{testNamespace.Name},
 			}

-			handle, podEvictor, err := frameworktesting.InitFrameworkHandle(
-				ctx,
-				clientSet,
-				evictions.NewOptions().
-					WithPolicyGroupVersion(evictionPolicyGroupVersion),
-				defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
-					EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
-				},
-				nil,
-			)
+			deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(removeFailedPodsPolicy(tc.removeFailedPodsArgs, evictorArgs))
 			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize a framework handle: %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
 			}

-			t.Logf("Running RemoveFailedPods strategy for %s", name)
-
-			plugin, err := removefailedpods.New(&removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
-				Reasons:                 tc.args.Reasons,
-				MinPodLifetimeSeconds:   tc.args.MinPodLifetimeSeconds,
-				IncludingInitContainers: tc.args.IncludingInitContainers,
-				ExcludeOwnerKinds:       tc.args.ExcludeOwnerKinds,
-				LabelSelector:           tc.args.LabelSelector,
-				Namespaces:              tc.args.Namespaces,
-			},
-				handle,
-			)
+			t.Logf("Creating %q policy CM with RemoveDuplicates configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
 			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
 			}

-			plugin.(frameworktypes.DeschedulePlugin).Deschedule(ctx, nodes)
-			t.Logf("Finished RemoveFailedPods strategy for %s", name)
+			defer func() {
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q CM...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+				}
+			}()

-			if actualEvictedCount := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); actualEvictedCount == tc.expectedEvictedCount {
-				t.Logf("Total of %d Pods were evicted for %s", actualEvictedCount, name)
+			deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment(testNamespace.Name)
+			t.Logf("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			deschedulerPodName := ""
+			defer func() {
+				if deschedulerPodName != "" {
+					printPodLogs(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerPodName)
+				}
+
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q deployment...", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+				}
+
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			}()
+
+			t.Logf("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
+			deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			if len(deschedulerPods) != 0 {
+				deschedulerPodName = deschedulerPods[0].Name
+			}
+
+			// Run RemoveDuplicates strategy
+			var meetsExpectations bool
+			var actualEvictedPodCount int
+			if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+				currentRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+				actualEvictedPod := preRunNames.Difference(currentRunNames)
+				actualEvictedPodCount = actualEvictedPod.Len()
+				t.Logf("preRunNames: %v, currentRunNames: %v, actualEvictedPodCount: %v\n", preRunNames.List(), currentRunNames.List(), actualEvictedPodCount)
+				if actualEvictedPodCount != tc.expectedEvictedPodCount {
+					t.Logf("Expecting %v number of pods evicted, got %v instead", tc.expectedEvictedPodCount, actualEvictedPodCount)
+					return false, nil
+				}
+				meetsExpectations = true
+				return true, nil
+			}); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Error waiting for descheduler running: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if !meetsExpectations {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected number of pods have been evicted, got %v, expected %v", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.expectedEvictedPodCount)
 			} else {
-				t.Errorf("Unexpected number of pods have been evicted, got %v, expected %v", actualEvictedCount, tc.expectedEvictedCount)
+				t.Logf("Total of %d Pods were evicted for %s", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.name)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }

 func initFailedJob(name, namespace string) *batchv1.Job {
-	podSpec := test.MakePodSpec("", nil)
+	podSpec := makePodSpec("", nil)
 	podSpec.Containers[0].Command = []string{"/bin/false"}
 	podSpec.RestartPolicy = v1.RestartPolicyNever
 	labelsSet := labels.Set{"test": name, "name": name}
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_leaderelection_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_leaderelection_test.go
@@ -30,17 +30,60 @@ import (
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler"
+	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime"
 )

+func podlifetimePolicy(podLifeTimeArgs *podlifetime.PodLifeTimeArgs, evictorArgs *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs) *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: podlifetime.PluginName + "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: podlifetime.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: podLifeTimeArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: evictorArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
+					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Deschedule: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							podlifetime.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLeaderElection(t *testing.T) {
-	descheduler.SetupPlugins()
 	ctx := context.Background()

-	clientSet, _, _, _ := initializeClient(ctx, t)
+	clientSet, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
+	}

 	ns1 := "e2e-" + strings.ToLower(t.Name()+"-a")
 	ns2 := "e2e-" + strings.ToLower(t.Name()+"-b")
@@ -59,51 +102,28 @@ func TestLeaderElection(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, testNamespace2.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})

-	deployment1, err := createDeployment(ctx, clientSet, ns1, 5, t)
+	testLabel := map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"}
+	deployment1 := buildTestDeployment("leaderelection", ns1, 5, testLabel, nil)
+	err = createDeployment(t, ctx, clientSet, deployment1)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("create deployment 1: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment1.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deployment1.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})

-	deployment2, err := createDeployment(ctx, clientSet, ns2, 5, t)
+	deployment2 := buildTestDeployment("leaderelection", ns2, 5, testLabel, nil)
+	err = createDeployment(t, ctx, clientSet, deployment2)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("create deployment 2: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment2.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deployment2.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+	defer func() {
+		clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment1.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deployment1.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+		clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment2.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deployment2.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+	}()

-	waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"}, 5, ns1)
+	waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment1.Labels, 5, deployment1.Namespace)
+	podListAOrg := getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, ns1, t)

-	podListAOrg := getPodNameList(ctx, clientSet, ns1, t)
-
-	waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"}, 5, ns2)
-
-	podListBOrg := getPodNameList(ctx, clientSet, ns2, t)
-
-	s1, err := options.NewDeschedulerServer()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to initialize server: %v", err)
-	}
-	s1.Client = clientSet
-	s1.DeschedulingInterval = 5 * time.Second
-	s1.LeaderElection.LeaderElect = true
-	s1.LeaderElection.RetryPeriod = metav1.Duration{
-		Duration: time.Second,
-	}
-	s1.ClientConnection.Kubeconfig = os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")
-	s1.PolicyConfigFile = "./policy_leaderelection_a.yaml"
-
-	s2, err := options.NewDeschedulerServer()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to initialize server: %v", err)
-	}
-	s2.Client = clientSet
-	s2.DeschedulingInterval = 5 * time.Second
-	s2.LeaderElection.LeaderElect = true
-	s2.LeaderElection.RetryPeriod = metav1.Duration{
-		Duration: time.Second,
-	}
-	s2.ClientConnection.Kubeconfig = os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")
-	s2.PolicyConfigFile = "./policy_leaderelection_b.yaml"
+	waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment2.Labels, 5, deployment2.Namespace)
+	podListBOrg := getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, ns2, t)

 	// Delete the descheduler lease
 	err = clientSet.CoordinationV1().Leases("kube-system").Delete(ctx, "descheduler", metav1.DeleteOptions{})
@@ -114,36 +134,42 @@ func TestLeaderElection(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	t.Logf("Removed kube-system/descheduler lease")

-	t.Log("starting deschedulers")
-
-	go func() {
-		err := descheduler.Run(ctx, s1)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("unable to start descheduler: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
+	t.Log("Starting deschedulers")
+	pod1Name, deploy1, cm1 := startDeschedulerServer(t, ctx, clientSet, ns1)
 	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-
-	go func() {
-		err := descheduler.Run(ctx, s2)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("unable to start descheduler: %v", err)
-			return
+	pod2Name, deploy2, cm2 := startDeschedulerServer(t, ctx, clientSet, ns2)
+	defer func() {
+		for _, podName := range []string{pod1Name, pod2Name} {
+			printPodLogs(ctx, t, clientSet, podName)
 		}
-	}()

-	defer clientSet.CoordinationV1().Leases(s1.LeaderElection.ResourceNamespace).Delete(ctx, s1.LeaderElection.ResourceName, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-	defer clientSet.CoordinationV1().Leases(s2.LeaderElection.ResourceNamespace).Delete(ctx, s2.LeaderElection.ResourceName, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+		for _, deploy := range []*appsv1.Deployment{deploy1, deploy2} {
+			t.Logf("Deleting %q deployment...", deploy.Name)
+			err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploy.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deploy.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deploy.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deploy.Labels, deploy.Namespace)
+		}
+
+		for _, cm := range []*v1.ConfigMap{cm1, cm2} {
+			t.Logf("Deleting %q CM...", cm.Name)
+			err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(cm.Namespace).Delete(ctx, cm.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", cm.Name, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		clientSet.CoordinationV1().Leases("kube-system").Delete(ctx, "descheduler", metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+	}()

 	// wait for a while so all the pods are 5 seconds older
 	time.Sleep(7 * time.Second)

 	// validate only pods from e2e-testleaderelection-a namespace are evicted.
-	podListA := getPodNameList(ctx, clientSet, ns1, t)
-
-	podListB := getPodNameList(ctx, clientSet, ns2, t)
+	podListA := getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, ns1, t)
+	podListB := getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, ns2, t)

 	left := reflect.DeepEqual(podListAOrg, podListA)
 	right := reflect.DeepEqual(podListBOrg, podListB)
@@ -165,73 +191,78 @@ func TestLeaderElection(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func createDeployment(ctx context.Context, clientSet clientset.Interface, namespace string, replicas int32, t *testing.T) (*appsv1.Deployment, error) {
-	deployment := &appsv1.Deployment{
-		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name:      "leaderelection",
-			Namespace: namespace,
-			Labels:    map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"},
-		},
-		Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpec{
-			Replicas: utilptr.To[int32](replicas),
-			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
-				MatchLabels: map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"},
-			},
-			Template: v1.PodTemplateSpec{
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-					Labels: map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"},
-				},
-				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
-					SecurityContext: &v1.PodSecurityContext{
-						RunAsNonRoot: utilptr.To(true),
-						RunAsUser:    utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-						RunAsGroup:   utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-						SeccompProfile: &v1.SeccompProfile{
-							Type: v1.SeccompProfileTypeRuntimeDefault,
-						},
-					},
-					Containers: []v1.Container{{
-						Name:            "pause",
-						ImagePullPolicy: "Always",
-						Image:           "registry.k8s.io/pause",
-						Ports:           []v1.ContainerPort{{ContainerPort: 80}},
-						SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
-							AllowPrivilegeEscalation: utilptr.To(false),
-							Capabilities: &v1.Capabilities{
-								Drop: []v1.Capability{
-									"ALL",
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					}},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
+func createDeployment(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, clientSet clientset.Interface, deployment *appsv1.Deployment) error {
 	t.Logf("Creating deployment %v for namespace %s", deployment.Name, deployment.Namespace)
-	deployment, err := clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment.Namespace).Create(ctx, deployment, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+	_, err := clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment.Namespace).Create(ctx, deployment, metav1.CreateOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Logf("Error creating deployment: %v", err)
 		if err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment.Namespace).DeleteCollection(ctx, metav1.DeleteOptions{}, metav1.ListOptions{
-			LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set(map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"})).String(),
+			LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(deployment.Labels).String(),
 		}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Unable to delete deployment: %v", err)
 		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create deployment %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("create deployment %v", err)
 	}
-	return deployment, nil
+	return nil
 }

-func getPodNameList(ctx context.Context, clientSet clientset.Interface, namespace string, t *testing.T) []string {
-	podList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).List(
-		ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set(map[string]string{"test": "leaderelection", "name": "test-leaderelection"})).String()})
+func startDeschedulerServer(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, clientSet clientset.Interface, testName string) (string, *appsv1.Deployment, *v1.ConfigMap) {
+	var maxLifeTime uint = 5
+	podLifeTimeArgs := &podlifetime.PodLifeTimeArgs{
+		MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: &maxLifeTime,
+		Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
+			Include: []string{testName},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
+	evictorArgs := &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
+		EvictLocalStoragePods:   true,
+		EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
+		IgnorePvcPods:           false,
+		EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
+	}
+	deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(podlifetimePolicy(podLifeTimeArgs, evictorArgs))
+	deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, testName)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to list pods from ns: %s: %v", namespace, err)
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
 	}
-	podNames := make([]string, len(podList.Items))
-	for i, pod := range podList.Items {
-		podNames[i] = pod.Name
+
+	t.Logf("Creating %q policy CM with RemoveDuplicates configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+	_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
 	}
-	return podNames
+
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment(testName)
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, testName)
+	args := deschedulerDeploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = append(args, "--leader-elect", "--leader-elect-retry-period", "1s")
+	deschedulerDeploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Volumes = []v1.Volume{
+		{
+			Name: "policy-volume",
+			VolumeSource: v1.VolumeSource{
+				ConfigMap: &v1.ConfigMapVolumeSource{
+					LocalObjectReference: v1.LocalObjectReference{
+						Name: deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+	_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
+	var podName string
+	pods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+	if len(pods) != 0 {
+		podName = pods[0].Name
+	}
+
+	return podName, deschedulerDeploymentObj, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj
 }
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_lownodeutilization_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_lownodeutilization_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2021 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
+)
+
+func lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(lowNodeUtilizationArgs *nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs, evictorArgs *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs, metricsCollectorEnabled bool) *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		MetricsCollector: apiv1alpha2.MetricsCollector{
+			Enabled: metricsCollectorEnabled,
+		},
+		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName + "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: lowNodeUtilizationArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: evictorArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
+					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Balance: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLowNodeUtilizationKubernetesMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	clientSet, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
+	}
+
+	metricsClient, err := client.CreateMetricsClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "descheduler")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes metrics client creation with %v", err)
+	}
+
+	nodeList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error listing node with %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, workerNodes := splitNodesAndWorkerNodes(nodeList.Items)
+
+	testNamespace := &v1.Namespace{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "e2e-" + strings.ToLower(t.Name())}}
+	t.Logf("Creating testing namespace %q", testNamespace.Name)
+	if _, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(ctx, testNamespace, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create ns %v: %v", testNamespace.Name, err)
+	}
+	defer clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, testNamespace.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+
+	t.Log("Creating duplicates pods")
+	testLabel := map[string]string{"app": "test-lownodeutilization-kubernetes-metrics", "name": "test-lownodeutilization-kubernetes-metrics"}
+	deploymentObj := buildTestDeployment("lownodeutilization-kubernetes-metrics-pod", testNamespace.Name, 0, testLabel, nil)
+	deploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Image = "narmidm/k8s-pod-cpu-stressor:latest"
+	deploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = []string{"-cpu=3", "-duration=10s", "-forever"}
+	deploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources = v1.ResourceRequirements{
+		Limits: v1.ResourceList{
+			v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("3000m"),
+		},
+		Requests: v1.ResourceList{
+			v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("0m"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                    string
+		replicasNum             int
+		beforeFunc              func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment)
+		expectedEvictedPodCount int
+		lowNodeUtilizationArgs  *nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs
+		evictorArgs             *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs
+		metricsCollectorEnabled bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "metric server not enabled",
+			replicasNum: 4,
+			beforeFunc: func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
+				deployment.Spec.Replicas = utilptr.To[int32](4)
+				deployment.Spec.Template.Spec.NodeName = workerNodes[0].Name
+			},
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 0,
+			lowNodeUtilizationArgs: &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
+				Thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
+					v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
+					v1.ResourcePods: 30,
+				},
+				TargetThresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
+					v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
+					v1.ResourcePods: 50,
+				},
+				MetricsUtilization: nodeutilization.MetricsUtilization{
+					MetricsServer: true,
+				},
+			},
+			evictorArgs:             &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
+			metricsCollectorEnabled: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "requested cpu resource zero, actual cpu utilization 3 per pod",
+			replicasNum: 4,
+			beforeFunc: func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
+				deployment.Spec.Replicas = utilptr.To[int32](4)
+				deployment.Spec.Template.Spec.NodeName = workerNodes[0].Name
+			},
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 2,
+			lowNodeUtilizationArgs: &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
+				Thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
+					v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
+					v1.ResourcePods: 30,
+				},
+				TargetThresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
+					v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
+					v1.ResourcePods: 50,
+				},
+				MetricsUtilization: nodeutilization.MetricsUtilization{
+					MetricsServer: true,
+				},
+			},
+			evictorArgs:             &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
+			metricsCollectorEnabled: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Logf("Creating deployment %v in %v namespace", deploymentObj.Name, deploymentObj.Namespace)
+			tc.beforeFunc(deploymentObj)
+
+			_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Logf("Error creating deployment: %v", err)
+				if err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).DeleteCollection(ctx, metav1.DeleteOptions{}, metav1.ListOptions{
+					LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(deploymentObj.Labels).String(),
+				}); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete deployment: %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deploymentObj.Labels, deploymentObj.Namespace)
+			}()
+			waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deploymentObj.Labels, tc.replicasNum, deploymentObj.Namespace)
+			// wait until workerNodes[0].Name has the right actual cpu utilization and all the testing pods are running
+			// and producing ~12 cores in total
+			wait.PollUntilWithContext(ctx, 5*time.Second, func(context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
+				item, err := metricsClient.MetricsV1beta1().NodeMetricses().Get(ctx, workerNodes[0].Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+				t.Logf("Waiting for %q nodemetrics cpu utilization to get over 12, currently %v", workerNodes[0].Name, item.Usage.Cpu().Value())
+				if item.Usage.Cpu().Value() < 12 {
+					return false, nil
+				}
+				totalCpu := resource.NewMilliQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
+				podItems, err := metricsClient.MetricsV1beta1().PodMetricses(deploymentObj.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Logf("unable to list podmetricses: %v", err)
+					return false, nil
+				}
+				for _, podMetrics := range podItems.Items {
+					for _, container := range podMetrics.Containers {
+						if _, exists := container.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU]; !exists {
+							continue
+						}
+						totalCpu.Add(container.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU])
+					}
+				}
+				// Value() will round up (e.g. 11.1 -> 12), which is still ok
+				t.Logf("Waiting for totalCpu to get to 12 at least, got %v\n", totalCpu.Value())
+				return totalCpu.Value() >= 12, nil
+			})
+
+			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+
+			// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
+			deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(tc.lowNodeUtilizationArgs, tc.evictorArgs, tc.metricsCollectorEnabled))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			t.Logf("Creating %q policy CM with LowNodeUtilization configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			defer func() {
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q CM...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment(testNamespace.Name)
+			t.Logf("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+			}
+
+			deschedulerPodName := ""
+			defer func() {
+				if deschedulerPodName != "" {
+					printPodLogs(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerPodName)
+				}
+
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q deployment...", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+				}
+
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			}()
+
+			t.Logf("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
+			deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			if len(deschedulerPods) != 0 {
+				deschedulerPodName = deschedulerPods[0].Name
+			}
+
+			// Run LowNodeUtilization plugin
+			var meetsExpectations bool
+			var actualEvictedPodCount int
+			if err = wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+				currentRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+				actualEvictedPod := preRunNames.Difference(currentRunNames)
+				actualEvictedPodCount = actualEvictedPod.Len()
+				t.Logf("preRunNames: %v, currentRunNames: %v, actualEvictedPodCount: %v\n", preRunNames.List(), currentRunNames.List(), actualEvictedPodCount)
+				if actualEvictedPodCount != tc.expectedEvictedPodCount {
+					t.Logf("Expecting %v number of pods evicted, got %v instead", tc.expectedEvictedPodCount, actualEvictedPodCount)
+					return false, nil
+				}
+				meetsExpectations = true
+				return true, nil
+			}); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Error waiting for descheduler running: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if !meetsExpectations {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected number of pods have been evicted, got %v, expected %v", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.expectedEvictedPodCount)
+			} else {
+				t.Logf("Total of %d Pods were evicted for %s", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_test.go
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
-
 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	schedulingv1 "k8s.io/api/scheduling/v1"
@@ -42,8 +40,10 @@ import (
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	listersv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import (
 	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
@@ -63,13 +64,20 @@ import (
 	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

 func isClientRateLimiterError(err error) bool {
 	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "client rate limiter")
 }

+func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	return featureGates
+}
+
 func deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(policy *deschedulerapiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy) (*v1.ConfigMap, error) {
 	cm := &v1.ConfigMap{
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
@@ -195,67 +203,6 @@ func printPodLogs(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, kubeClient clientset.Interf
 	}
 }

-func waitForDeschedulerPodRunning(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, testName string) string {
-	deschedulerPodName := ""
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 1*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("kube-system").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{
-			LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set(map[string]string{"app": "descheduler", "test": testName})).String(),
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
-			if isClientRateLimiterError(err) {
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			return false, err
-		}
-
-		runningPods := []*v1.Pod{}
-		for _, item := range podList.Items {
-			if item.Status.Phase != v1.PodRunning {
-				continue
-			}
-			pod := item
-			runningPods = append(runningPods, &pod)
-		}
-
-		if len(runningPods) != 1 {
-			t.Logf("Expected a single running pod, got %v instead", len(runningPods))
-			return false, nil
-		}
-
-		deschedulerPodName = runningPods[0].Name
-		t.Logf("Found a descheduler pod running: %v", deschedulerPodName)
-		return true, nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for a running descheduler: %v", err)
-	}
-	return deschedulerPodName
-}
-
-func waitForDeschedulerPodAbsent(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, testName string) {
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 1*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("kube-system").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{
-			LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(labels.Set(map[string]string{"app": "descheduler", "test": testName})).String(),
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
-			if isClientRateLimiterError(err) {
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			return false, err
-		}
-
-		if len(podList.Items) > 0 {
-			t.Logf("Found a descheduler pod. Waiting until it gets deleted")
-			return false, nil
-		}
-
-		return true, nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for a descheduler to disapear: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	if os.Getenv("DESCHEDULER_IMAGE") == "" {
 		klog.Errorf("DESCHEDULER_IMAGE env is not set")
@@ -297,7 +244,7 @@ func RcByNameContainer(name, namespace string, replicas int32, labels map[string
 				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
 					Labels: labels,
 				},
-				Spec: test.MakePodSpec(priorityClassName, gracePeriod),
+				Spec: makePodSpec(priorityClassName, gracePeriod),
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -329,12 +276,83 @@ func DsByNameContainer(name, namespace string, labels map[string]string, gracePe
 				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
 					Labels: labels,
 				},
-				Spec: test.MakePodSpec("", gracePeriod),
+				Spec: makePodSpec("", gracePeriod),
 			},
 		},
 	}
 }

+func buildTestDeployment(name, namespace string, replicas int32, testLabel map[string]string, apply func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment)) *appsv1.Deployment {
+	deployment := &appsv1.Deployment{
+		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
+			Kind:       "Deployment",
+			APIVersion: "apps/v1",
+		},
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name:      name,
+			Namespace: namespace,
+			Labels:    testLabel,
+		},
+		Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpec{
+			Replicas: utilptr.To[int32](replicas),
+			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
+				MatchLabels: testLabel,
+			},
+			Template: v1.PodTemplateSpec{
+				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+					Labels: testLabel,
+				},
+				Spec: makePodSpec("", utilptr.To[int64](0)),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	if apply != nil {
+		apply(deployment)
+	}
+
+	return deployment
+}
+
+func makePodSpec(priorityClassName string, gracePeriod *int64) v1.PodSpec {
+	return v1.PodSpec{
+		SecurityContext: &v1.PodSecurityContext{
+			RunAsNonRoot: utilptr.To(true),
+			RunAsUser:    utilptr.To[int64](1000),
+			RunAsGroup:   utilptr.To[int64](1000),
+			SeccompProfile: &v1.SeccompProfile{
+				Type: v1.SeccompProfileTypeRuntimeDefault,
+			},
+		},
+		Containers: []v1.Container{{
+			Name:            "pause",
+			ImagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent",
+			Image:           "registry.k8s.io/pause",
+			Ports:           []v1.ContainerPort{{ContainerPort: 80}},
+			Resources: v1.ResourceRequirements{
+				Limits: v1.ResourceList{
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("100m"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("200Mi"),
+				},
+				Requests: v1.ResourceList{
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("100m"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("100Mi"),
+				},
+			},
+			SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
+				AllowPrivilegeEscalation: utilptr.To(false),
+				Capabilities: &v1.Capabilities{
+					Drop: []v1.Capability{
+						"ALL",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}},
+		PriorityClassName:             priorityClassName,
+		TerminationGracePeriodSeconds: gracePeriod,
+	}
+}
+
 func initializeClient(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T) (clientset.Interface, informers.SharedInformerFactory, listersv1.NodeLister, podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc) {
 	clientSet, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1336,6 +1354,7 @@ func TestDeschedulingInterval(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize server: %v", err)
 	}
 	s.Client = clientSet
+	s.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

 	deschedulerPolicy := &deschedulerapi.DeschedulerPolicy{}

@@ -1705,6 +1724,10 @@ func waitForPodRunning(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, clientSet clientset.In
 	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 30*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 		podItem, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(pod.Namespace).Get(ctx, pod.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
+			if isClientRateLimiterError(err) {
+				return false, nil
+			}
 			return false, err
 		}

@@ -1719,28 +1742,62 @@ func waitForPodRunning(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, clientSet clientset.In
 	}
 }

-func waitForPodsRunning(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, clientSet clientset.Interface, labelMap map[string]string, desireRunningPodNum int, namespace string) {
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+func waitForPodsRunning(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, clientSet clientset.Interface, labelMap map[string]string, desiredRunningPodNum int, namespace string) []*v1.Pod {
+	desiredRunningPods := make([]*v1.Pod, desiredRunningPodNum)
+	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 		podList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{
 			LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(labelMap).String(),
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-		if len(podList.Items) != desireRunningPodNum {
-			t.Logf("Waiting for %v pods to be running, got %v instead", desireRunningPodNum, len(podList.Items))
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		for _, pod := range podList.Items {
-			if pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodRunning {
-				t.Logf("Pod %v not running yet, is %v instead", pod.Name, pod.Status.Phase)
+			t.Logf("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
+			if isClientRateLimiterError(err) {
 				return false, nil
 			}
+			return false, err
 		}
+		runningPods := []*v1.Pod{}
+		for _, item := range podList.Items {
+			if item.Status.Phase != v1.PodRunning {
+				continue
+			}
+			pod := item
+			runningPods = append(runningPods, &pod)
+		}
+
+		if len(runningPods) != desiredRunningPodNum {
+			t.Logf("Waiting for %v pods to be running, got %v instead", desiredRunningPodNum, len(runningPods))
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		desiredRunningPods = runningPods
+
 		return true, nil
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for pods running: %v", err)
 	}
+	return desiredRunningPods
+}
+
+func waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, clientSet clientset.Interface, labelMap map[string]string, namespace string) {
+	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		podList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{
+			LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(labelMap).String(),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
+			if isClientRateLimiterError(err) {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		if len(podList.Items) > 0 {
+			t.Logf("Found a existing pod. Waiting until it gets deleted")
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for pods to disappear: %v", err)
+	}
 }

 func splitNodesAndWorkerNodes(nodes []v1.Node) ([]*v1.Node, []*v1.Node) {
@@ -1756,8 +1813,8 @@ func splitNodesAndWorkerNodes(nodes []v1.Node) ([]*v1.Node, []*v1.Node) {
 	return allNodes, workerNodes
 }

-func getCurrentPodNames(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, namespace string) []string {
-	podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
+func getCurrentPodNames(ctx context.Context, clientSet clientset.Interface, namespace string, t *testing.T) []string {
+	podList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Logf("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
 		return nil
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_toomanyrestarts_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_toomanyrestarts_test.go
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
-	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
@@ -104,50 +103,10 @@ func TestTooManyRestarts(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, testNamespace.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})

-	deploymentObj := &appsv1.Deployment{
-		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name:      "restart-pod",
-			Namespace: testNamespace.Name,
-			Labels:    map[string]string{"test": "restart-pod", "name": "test-toomanyrestarts"},
-		},
-		Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpec{
-			Replicas: utilptr.To[int32](deploymentReplicas),
-			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
-				MatchLabels: map[string]string{"test": "restart-pod", "name": "test-toomanyrestarts"},
-			},
-			Template: v1.PodTemplateSpec{
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-					Labels: map[string]string{"test": "restart-pod", "name": "test-toomanyrestarts"},
-				},
-				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
-					SecurityContext: &v1.PodSecurityContext{
-						RunAsNonRoot: utilptr.To(true),
-						RunAsUser:    utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-						RunAsGroup:   utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-						SeccompProfile: &v1.SeccompProfile{
-							Type: v1.SeccompProfileTypeRuntimeDefault,
-						},
-					},
-					Containers: []v1.Container{{
-						Name:            "pause",
-						ImagePullPolicy: "Always",
-						Image:           "registry.k8s.io/pause",
-						Command:         []string{"/bin/sh"},
-						Args:            []string{"-c", "sleep 1s && exit 1"},
-						Ports:           []v1.ContainerPort{{ContainerPort: 80}},
-						SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
-							AllowPrivilegeEscalation: utilptr.To(false),
-							Capabilities: &v1.Capabilities{
-								Drop: []v1.Capability{
-									"ALL",
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					}},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
+	deploymentObj := buildTestDeployment("restart-pod", testNamespace.Name, deploymentReplicas, map[string]string{"test": "restart-pod", "name": "test-toomanyrestarts"}, func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
+		deployment.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Command = []string{"/bin/sh"}
+		deployment.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = []string{"-c", "sleep 1s && exit 1"}
+	})

 	t.Logf("Creating deployment %v", deploymentObj.Name)
 	_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
@@ -189,8 +148,9 @@ func TestTooManyRestarts(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			rs.Client = clientSet
 			rs.EventClient = clientSet
+			rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

-			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(t, ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name)...)
+			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
 			// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
 			deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(tc.policy)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -228,15 +188,18 @@ func TestTooManyRestarts(t *testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
 				}
-				waitForDeschedulerPodAbsent(t, ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name)
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
 			}()

 			t.Logf("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
-			deschedulerPodName = waitForDeschedulerPodRunning(t, ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name)
+			deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			if len(deschedulerPods) != 0 {
+				deschedulerPodName = deschedulerPods[0].Name
+			}

 			// Run RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts strategy
 			if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 1*time.Second, 20*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-				currentRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(t, ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name)...)
+				currentRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
 				actualEvictedPod := preRunNames.Difference(currentRunNames)
 				actualEvictedPodCount := uint(actualEvictedPod.Len())
 				t.Logf("preRunNames: %v, currentRunNames: %v, actualEvictedPodCount: %v\n", preRunNames.List(), currentRunNames.List(), actualEvictedPodCount)
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_topologyspreadconstraint_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_topologyspreadconstraint_test.go
@@ -6,30 +6,70 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"

+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint"
-	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

 const zoneTopologyKey string = "topology.kubernetes.io/zone"

+func topologySpreadConstraintPolicy(constraintArgs *removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraintArgs,
+	evictorArgs *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs,
+) *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName + "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: constraintArgs,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
+							Object: evictorArgs,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
+					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Balance: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 func TestTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+
 	clientSet, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error during client creation with %v", err)
+		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
 	}

 	nodeList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
@@ -44,14 +84,16 @@ func TestTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, testNamespace.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})

-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		expectedEvictedCount     uint
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name                     string
+		expectedEvictedPodCount  int
 		replicaCount             int
 		topologySpreadConstraint v1.TopologySpreadConstraint
 	}{
-		"test-topology-spread-hard-constraint": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 1,
-			replicaCount:         4,
+		{
+			name:                    "test-topology-spread-hard-constraint",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 1,
+			replicaCount:            4,
 			topologySpreadConstraint: v1.TopologySpreadConstraint{
 				LabelSelector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
 					MatchLabels: map[string]string{
@@ -63,9 +105,10 @@ func TestTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 				WhenUnsatisfiable: v1.DoNotSchedule,
 			},
 		},
-		"test-topology-spread-soft-constraint": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 1,
-			replicaCount:         4,
+		{
+			name:                    "test-topology-spread-soft-constraint",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 1,
+			replicaCount:            4,
 			topologySpreadConstraint: v1.TopologySpreadConstraint{
 				LabelSelector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
 					MatchLabels: map[string]string{
@@ -77,9 +120,10 @@ func TestTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 				WhenUnsatisfiable: v1.ScheduleAnyway,
 			},
 		},
-		"test-node-taints-policy-honor": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 1,
-			replicaCount:         4,
+		{
+			name:                    "test-node-taints-policy-honor",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 1,
+			replicaCount:            4,
 			topologySpreadConstraint: v1.TopologySpreadConstraint{
 				LabelSelector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
 					MatchLabels: map[string]string{
@@ -92,9 +136,10 @@ func TestTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 				WhenUnsatisfiable: v1.DoNotSchedule,
 			},
 		},
-		"test-node-affinity-policy-ignore": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 1,
-			replicaCount:         4,
+		{
+			name:                    "test-node-affinity-policy-ignore",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 1,
+			replicaCount:            4,
 			topologySpreadConstraint: v1.TopologySpreadConstraint{
 				LabelSelector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
 					MatchLabels: map[string]string{
@@ -107,9 +152,10 @@ func TestTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 				WhenUnsatisfiable:  v1.DoNotSchedule,
 			},
 		},
-		"test-match-label-keys": {
-			expectedEvictedCount: 0,
-			replicaCount:         4,
+		{
+			name:                    "test-match-label-keys",
+			expectedEvictedPodCount: 0,
+			replicaCount:            4,
 			topologySpreadConstraint: v1.TopologySpreadConstraint{
 				LabelSelector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
 					MatchLabels: map[string]string{
@@ -123,106 +169,172 @@ func TestTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	for name, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Logf("Creating Deployment %s with %d replicas", name, tc.replicaCount)
-			deployment := test.BuildTestDeployment(name, testNamespace.Name, int32(tc.replicaCount), tc.topologySpreadConstraint.LabelSelector.DeepCopy().MatchLabels, func(d *appsv1.Deployment) {
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Logf("Creating Deployment %s with %d replicas", tc.name, tc.replicaCount)
+			deployLabels := tc.topologySpreadConstraint.LabelSelector.DeepCopy().MatchLabels
+			deployLabels["name"] = tc.name
+			deployment := buildTestDeployment(tc.name, testNamespace.Name, int32(tc.replicaCount), deployLabels, func(d *appsv1.Deployment) {
 				d.Spec.Template.Spec.TopologySpreadConstraints = []v1.TopologySpreadConstraint{tc.topologySpreadConstraint}
 			})
 			if _, err := clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment.Namespace).Create(ctx, deployment, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Error creating Deployment %s %v", name, err)
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating Deployment %s %v", tc.name, err)
 			}
-			defer test.DeleteDeployment(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment)
-			test.WaitForDeploymentPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment)
+			defer func() {
+				clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deployment.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment.Labels, deployment.Namespace)
+			}()
+			waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment.Labels, tc.replicaCount, deployment.Namespace)

 			// Create a "Violator" Deployment that has the same label and is forced to be on the same node using a nodeSelector
-			violatorDeploymentName := name + "-violator"
-			violatorCount := tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew + 1
-			violatorDeployment := test.BuildTestDeployment(violatorDeploymentName, testNamespace.Name, violatorCount, tc.topologySpreadConstraint.LabelSelector.DeepCopy().MatchLabels, func(d *appsv1.Deployment) {
+			violatorDeploymentName := tc.name + "-violator"
+			violatorDeployLabels := tc.topologySpreadConstraint.LabelSelector.DeepCopy().MatchLabels
+			violatorDeployLabels["name"] = violatorDeploymentName
+			violatorDeployment := buildTestDeployment(violatorDeploymentName, testNamespace.Name, tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew+1, violatorDeployLabels, func(d *appsv1.Deployment) {
 				d.Spec.Template.Spec.NodeSelector = map[string]string{zoneTopologyKey: workerNodes[0].Labels[zoneTopologyKey]}
 			})
-			if _, err := clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deployment.Namespace).Create(ctx, violatorDeployment, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Error creating Deployment %s: %v", violatorDeploymentName, err)
-			}
-			defer test.DeleteDeployment(ctx, t, clientSet, violatorDeployment)
-			test.WaitForDeploymentPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, violatorDeployment)
-
-			evictionPolicyGroupVersion, err := eutils.SupportEviction(clientSet)
-			if err != nil || len(evictionPolicyGroupVersion) == 0 {
-				t.Fatalf("Error detecting eviction policy group: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			handle, podEvictor, err := frameworktesting.InitFrameworkHandle(
-				ctx,
-				clientSet,
-				evictions.NewOptions().
-					WithPolicyGroupVersion(evictionPolicyGroupVersion),
-				defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
-					EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
-				},
-				nil,
-			)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize a framework handle: %v", err)
+			if _, err := clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(violatorDeployment.Namespace).Create(ctx, violatorDeployment, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating Deployment %s: %v", violatorDeployment.Name, err)
 			}
+			defer func() {
+				clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(violatorDeployment.Namespace).Delete(ctx, violatorDeployment.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, violatorDeployment.Labels, violatorDeployment.Namespace)
+			}()
+			waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, violatorDeployment.Labels, int(*violatorDeployment.Spec.Replicas), violatorDeployment.Namespace)

 			// Run TopologySpreadConstraint strategy
-			t.Logf("Running RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint strategy for %s", name)
+			t.Logf("Running RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint strategy for %s", tc.name)

-			plugin, err := removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.New(&removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraintArgs{
+			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+
+			evictorArgs := &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
+				EvictLocalStoragePods:   true,
+				EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
+				IgnorePvcPods:           false,
+				EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
+			}
+			constraintArgs := &removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraintArgs{
 				Constraints: []v1.UnsatisfiableConstraintAction{tc.topologySpreadConstraint.WhenUnsatisfiable},
-			},
-				handle,
-			)
+				Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
+					Include: []string{testNamespace.Name},
+				},
+			}
+			deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(topologySpreadConstraintPolicy(constraintArgs, evictorArgs))
 			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
 			}

-			plugin.(frameworktypes.BalancePlugin).Balance(ctx, workerNodes)
-			t.Logf("Finished RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint strategy for %s", name)
+			t.Logf("Creating %q policy CM with RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+			}

-			t.Logf("Wait for terminating pods of %s to disappear", name)
-			waitForTerminatingPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment.Namespace)
+			defer func() {
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q CM...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
+				}
+			}()
+			deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment(testNamespace.Name)
+			t.Logf("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+			_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+			}

-			if totalEvicted := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); totalEvicted == tc.expectedEvictedCount {
-				t.Logf("Total of %d Pods were evicted for %s", totalEvicted, name)
+			deschedulerPodName := ""
+			defer func() {
+				if deschedulerPodName != "" {
+					printPodLogs(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerPodName)
+				}
+
+				t.Logf("Deleting %q deployment...", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
+				err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
+				}
+				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			}()
+
+			t.Logf("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
+			deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
+			if len(deschedulerPods) != 0 {
+				deschedulerPodName = deschedulerPods[0].Name
+			}
+
+			// Run RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts strategy
+			var meetsEvictedExpectations bool
+			var actualEvictedPodCount int
+			t.Logf("Check whether the number of evicted pods meets the expectation")
+			if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+				currentRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
+				actualEvictedPod := preRunNames.Difference(currentRunNames)
+				actualEvictedPodCount = actualEvictedPod.Len()
+				t.Logf("preRunNames: %v, currentRunNames: %v, actualEvictedPodCount: %v\n", preRunNames.List(), currentRunNames.List(), actualEvictedPodCount)
+				if actualEvictedPodCount != tc.expectedEvictedPodCount {
+					t.Logf("Expecting %v number of pods evicted, got %v instead", tc.expectedEvictedPodCount, actualEvictedPodCount)
+					return false, nil
+				}
+				meetsEvictedExpectations = true
+				return true, nil
+			}); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Error waiting for descheduler running: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if !meetsEvictedExpectations {
+				t.Errorf("Unexpected number of pods have been evicted, got %v, expected %v", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.expectedEvictedPodCount)
 			} else {
-				t.Fatalf("Expected %d evictions but got %d for %s TopologySpreadConstraint", tc.expectedEvictedCount, totalEvicted, name)
+				t.Logf("Total of %d Pods were evicted for %s", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.name)
 			}

-			if tc.expectedEvictedCount == 0 {
+			if tc.expectedEvictedPodCount == 0 {
 				return
 			}

-			// Ensure recently evicted Pod are rescheduled and running before asserting for a balanced topology spread
-			test.WaitForDeploymentPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deployment)
+			var meetsSkewExpectations bool
+			var skewVal int
+			t.Logf("Check whether the skew meets the expectation")
+			if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+				listOptions := metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(tc.topologySpreadConstraint.LabelSelector.MatchLabels).String()}
+				pods, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(testNamespace.Name).List(ctx, listOptions)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Error listing pods for %s: %v", tc.name, err)
+				}

-			listOptions := metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(tc.topologySpreadConstraint.LabelSelector.MatchLabels).String()}
-			pods, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(testNamespace.Name).List(ctx, listOptions)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Error listing pods for %s: %v", name, err)
+				nodePodCountMap := make(map[string]int)
+				for _, pod := range pods.Items {
+					nodePodCountMap[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
+				}
+
+				if len(nodePodCountMap) != len(workerNodes) {
+					t.Errorf("%s Pods were scheduled on only '%d' nodes and were not properly distributed on the nodes", tc.name, len(nodePodCountMap))
+					return false, nil
+				}
+
+				skewVal = getSkewValPodDistribution(nodePodCountMap)
+				if skewVal > int(tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew) {
+					t.Errorf("Pod distribution for %s is still violating the max skew of %d as it is %d", tc.name, tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew, skewVal)
+					return false, nil
+				}
+
+				meetsSkewExpectations = true
+				return true, nil
+			}); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Error waiting for descheduler running: %v", err)
 			}

-			nodePodCountMap := make(map[string]int)
-			for _, pod := range pods.Items {
-				nodePodCountMap[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
+			if !meetsSkewExpectations {
+				t.Errorf("Pod distribution for %s is still violating the max skew of %d as it is %d", tc.name, tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew, skewVal)
+			} else {
+				t.Logf("Pods for %s were distributed in line with max skew of %d", tc.name, tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew)
 			}
-
-			if len(nodePodCountMap) != len(workerNodes) {
-				t.Errorf("%s Pods were scheduled on only '%d' nodes and were not properly distributed on the nodes", name, len(nodePodCountMap))
-			}
-
-			min, max := getMinAndMaxPodDistribution(nodePodCountMap)
-			if max-min > int(tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew) {
-				t.Errorf("Pod distribution for %s is still violating the max skew of %d as it is %d", name, tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew, max-min)
-			}
-
-			t.Logf("Pods for %s were distributed in line with max skew of %d", name, tc.topologySpreadConstraint.MaxSkew)
 		})
 	}
 }

-func getMinAndMaxPodDistribution(nodePodCountMap map[string]int) (int, int) {
+func getSkewValPodDistribution(nodePodCountMap map[string]int) int {
 	min := math.MaxInt32
 	max := math.MinInt32
 	for _, podCount := range nodePodCountMap {
@@ -234,7 +346,7 @@ func getMinAndMaxPodDistribution(nodePodCountMap map[string]int) (int, int) {
 		}
 	}

-	return min, max
+	return max - min
 }

 func nodeInclusionPolicyRef(policy v1.NodeInclusionPolicy) *v1.NodeInclusionPolicy {
--- a/test/e2e/policy_leaderelection_a.yaml
+++ b/test/e2e/policy_leaderelection_a.yaml
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha2"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-profiles:
-  - name: ProfileName
-    pluginConfig:
-    - name: "PodLifeTime"
-      args:
-        maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 5
-        namespaces:
-          include:
-          - "e2e-testleaderelection-a"
-    plugins:
-      deschedule:
-        enabled:
-          - "PodLifeTime"
--- a/test/e2e/policy_leaderelection_b.yaml
+++ b/test/e2e/policy_leaderelection_b.yaml
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha2"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-profiles:
-  - name: ProfileName
-    pluginConfig:
-    - name: "PodLifeTime"
-      args:
-        maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 5
-        namespaces:
-          include:
-          - "e2e-testleaderelection-b"
-    plugins:
-      deschedule:
-        enabled:
-          - "PodLifeTime"
--- a/test/e2e/test_clientconnection_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/test_clientconnection_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	deschedulerapi "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler"
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ func TestClientConnectionConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize server: %v", err)
 	}
 	s.Client = clientSet
+	s.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	evictionPolicyGroupVersion, err := eutils.SupportEviction(s.Client)
 	if err != nil || len(evictionPolicyGroupVersion) == 0 {
 		t.Errorf("Error when checking support for eviction: %v", err)
--- a/test/run-e2e-tests.sh
+++ b/test/run-e2e-tests.sh
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ set -o nounset
 # Set to empty if unbound/empty
 SKIP_INSTALL=${SKIP_INSTALL:-}
 KIND_E2E=${KIND_E2E:-}
+CONTAINER_ENGINE=${CONTAINER_ENGINE:-docker}
+KIND_SUDO=${KIND_SUDO:-}
+SKIP_KUBECTL_INSTALL=${SKIP_KUBECTL_INSTALL:-}
+SKIP_KIND_INSTALL=${SKIP_KIND_INSTALL:-}
+SKIP_KUBEVIRT_INSTALL=${SKIP_KUBEVIRT_INSTALL:-}
+KUBEVIRT_VERSION=${KUBEVIRT_VERSION:-v1.3.0-rc.1}

 # Build a descheduler image
 IMAGE_TAG=v$(date +%Y%m%d)-$(git describe --tags)
@@ -32,20 +38,35 @@ echo "DESCHEDULER_IMAGE: ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE}"

 # This just runs e2e tests.
 if [ -n "$KIND_E2E" ]; then
-    # If we did not set SKIP_INSTALL
-    if [ -z "$SKIP_INSTALL" ]; then
-        K8S_VERSION=${KUBERNETES_VERSION:-v1.31.0}
+    K8S_VERSION=${KUBERNETES_VERSION:-v1.32.0}
+    if [ -z "${SKIP_KUBECTL_INSTALL}" ]; then
        curl -Lo kubectl https://dl.k8s.io/release/${K8S_VERSION}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && chmod +x kubectl && mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
-        wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.24.0/kind-linux-amd64
+    fi
+    if [ -z "${SKIP_KIND_INSTALL}" ]; then
+        wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.26.0/kind-linux-amd64
        chmod +x kind-linux-amd64
        mv kind-linux-amd64 kind
        export PATH=$PATH:$PWD
-        kind create cluster --image kindest/node:${K8S_VERSION} --config=./hack/kind_config.yaml
    fi
-    ${CONTAINER_ENGINE:-docker} pull registry.k8s.io/pause
-    kind load docker-image registry.k8s.io/pause
-    kind load docker-image ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE}
-    kind get kubeconfig > /tmp/admin.conf
+
+    # If we did not set SKIP_INSTALL
+    if [ -z "$SKIP_INSTALL" ]; then
+        ${KIND_SUDO} kind create cluster --image kindest/node:${K8S_VERSION} --config=./hack/kind_config.yaml
+    fi
+    ${CONTAINER_ENGINE} pull registry.k8s.io/pause
+    if [ "${CONTAINER_ENGINE}" == "podman" ]; then
+      podman save registry.k8s.io/pause -o /tmp/pause.tar
+      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load image-archive /tmp/pause.tar
+      rm /tmp/pause.tar
+      podman save ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE} -o /tmp/descheduler.tar
+      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load image-archive /tmp/descheduler.tar
+      rm /tmp/descheduler.tar
+    else
+      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load docker-image registry.k8s.io/pause
+      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load docker-image ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE}
+    fi
+    ${KIND_SUDO} kind get kubeconfig > /tmp/admin.conf
+
    export KUBECONFIG="/tmp/admin.conf"
    mkdir -p ~/gopath/src/sigs.k8s.io/
 fi
@@ -53,5 +74,35 @@ fi
 # Deploy rbac, sa and binding for a descheduler running through a deployment
 kubectl apply -f kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml

+collect_logs() {
+  echo "Collecting pods and logs"
+  kubectl get pods -n default
+  kubectl get pods -n kubevirt
+
+  for pod in $(kubectl get pods -n default -o name); do
+    echo "Logs for ${pod}"
+    kubectl logs -n default ${pod}
+  done
+
+  for pod in $(kubectl get pods -n kubevirt -o name); do
+    echo "Logs for ${pod}"
+    kubectl logs -n kubevirt ${pod}
+  done
+}
+
+trap "collect_logs" ERR
+
+if [ -z "${SKIP_KUBEVIRT_INSTALL}" ]; then
+  kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/releases/download/${KUBEVIRT_VERSION}/kubevirt-operator.yaml
+  kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/releases/download/${KUBEVIRT_VERSION}/kubevirt-cr.yaml
+  kubectl wait --timeout=180s --for=condition=Available -n kubevirt kv/kubevirt
+  kubectl -n kubevirt patch kubevirt kubevirt --type=merge --patch '{"spec":{"configuration":{"developerConfiguration":{"useEmulation":true}}}}'
+fi
+
+METRICS_SERVER_VERSION="v0.5.0"
+kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/${METRICS_SERVER_VERSION}/components.yaml
+kubectl patch -n kube-system deployment metrics-server --type=json \
+  -p '[{"op":"add","path":"/spec/template/spec/containers/0/args/-","value":"--kubelet-insecure-tls"}]'
+
 PRJ_PREFIX="sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"
 go test ${PRJ_PREFIX}/test/e2e/ -v -timeout 0
--- a/test/test_utils.go
+++ b/test/test_utils.go
@@ -25,51 +25,18 @@ import (

 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/intstr"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/uuid"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
 )

-func BuildTestDeployment(name, namespace string, replicas int32, labels map[string]string, apply func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment)) *appsv1.Deployment {
-	// Add "name": name to the labels, overwriting if it exists.
-	labels["name"] = name
-
-	deployment := &appsv1.Deployment{
-		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
-			Kind:       "Deployment",
-			APIVersion: "apps/v1",
-		},
-		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name:      name,
-			Namespace: namespace,
-		},
-		Spec: appsv1.DeploymentSpec{
-			Replicas: utilptr.To[int32](replicas),
-			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
-				MatchLabels: map[string]string{
-					"name": name,
-				},
-			},
-			Template: v1.PodTemplateSpec{
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-					Labels: labels,
-				},
-				Spec: MakePodSpec("", utilptr.To[int64](0)),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	if apply != nil {
-		apply(deployment)
-	}
-
-	return deployment
-}
-
 // BuildTestPod creates a test pod with given parameters.
 func BuildTestPod(name string, cpu, memory int64, nodeName string, apply func(*v1.Pod)) *v1.Pod {
 	pod := &v1.Pod{
@@ -103,6 +70,45 @@ func BuildTestPod(name string, cpu, memory int64, nodeName string, apply func(*v
 	return pod
 }

+func BuildTestPDB(name, appLabel string) *policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget {
+	maxUnavailable := intstr.FromInt32(1)
+	pdb := &policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Namespace: "default",
+			Name:      name,
+		},
+		Spec: policyv1.PodDisruptionBudgetSpec{
+			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
+				MatchLabels: map[string]string{
+					"app": appLabel,
+				},
+			},
+			MaxUnavailable: &maxUnavailable,
+		},
+	}
+	return pdb
+}
+
+// BuildPodMetrics creates a test podmetrics with given parameters.
+func BuildPodMetrics(name string, millicpu, mem int64) *v1beta1.PodMetrics {
+	return &v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name:      name,
+			Namespace: "default",
+		},
+		Window: metav1.Duration{Duration: 20010000000},
+		Containers: []v1beta1.ContainerMetrics{
+			{
+				Name: "container-1",
+				Usage: v1.ResourceList{
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(millicpu, resource.DecimalSI),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(mem, resource.BinarySI),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 // GetMirrorPodAnnotation returns the annotation needed for mirror pod.
 func GetMirrorPodAnnotation() map[string]string {
 	return map[string]string{
@@ -171,42 +177,16 @@ func BuildTestNode(name string, millicpu, mem, pods int64, apply func(*v1.Node))
 	return node
 }

-func MakePodSpec(priorityClassName string, gracePeriod *int64) v1.PodSpec {
-	return v1.PodSpec{
-		SecurityContext: &v1.PodSecurityContext{
-			RunAsNonRoot: utilptr.To(true),
-			RunAsUser:    utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-			RunAsGroup:   utilptr.To[int64](1000),
-			SeccompProfile: &v1.SeccompProfile{
-				Type: v1.SeccompProfileTypeRuntimeDefault,
-			},
+func BuildNodeMetrics(name string, millicpu, mem int64) *v1beta1.NodeMetrics {
+	return &v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name: name,
+		},
+		Window: metav1.Duration{Duration: 20010000000},
+		Usage: v1.ResourceList{
+			v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(millicpu, resource.DecimalSI),
+			v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(mem, resource.BinarySI),
 		},
-		Containers: []v1.Container{{
-			Name:            "pause",
-			ImagePullPolicy: "Never",
-			Image:           "registry.k8s.io/pause",
-			Ports:           []v1.ContainerPort{{ContainerPort: 80}},
-			Resources: v1.ResourceRequirements{
-				Limits: v1.ResourceList{
-					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("100m"),
-					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("200Mi"),
-				},
-				Requests: v1.ResourceList{
-					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("100m"),
-					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("100Mi"),
-				},
-			},
-			SecurityContext: &v1.SecurityContext{
-				AllowPrivilegeEscalation: utilptr.To(false),
-				Capabilities: &v1.Capabilities{
-					Drop: []v1.Capability{
-						"ALL",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		}},
-		PriorityClassName:             priorityClassName,
-		TerminationGracePeriodSeconds: gracePeriod,
 	}
 }

@@ -316,30 +296,6 @@ func DeleteDeployment(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, clientSet clientset.Int
 	}
 }

-func WaitForDeploymentPodsRunning(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, clientSet clientset.Interface, deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 30*time.Second, true, func(c context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		podList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Pods(deployment.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{
-			LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(deployment.Spec.Template.ObjectMeta.Labels).String(),
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-		if len(podList.Items) != int(*deployment.Spec.Replicas) {
-			t.Logf("Waiting for %v pods to be created, got %v instead", *deployment.Spec.Replicas, len(podList.Items))
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		for _, pod := range podList.Items {
-			if pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodRunning {
-				t.Logf("Pod %v not running yet, is %v instead", pod.Name, pod.Status.Phase)
-				return false, nil
-			}
-		}
-		return true, nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for pods running: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
 func SetPodAntiAffinity(inputPod *v1.Pod, labelKey, labelValue string) {
 	inputPod.Spec.Affinity = &v1.Affinity{
 		PodAntiAffinity: &v1.PodAntiAffinity{
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.bazelversion
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.bazelversion
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+7.0.1
+# Keep this pinned version in parity with cel-go
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitattributes
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*.pb.go linguist-generated=true
+*.pb.go -diff -merge
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitignore
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bazel-*
+MODULE.bazel.lock
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Kubernetes Prow Robot	8e6be70ff9	Merge pull request #1592 from a7i/chart-image [release v0.32.0] bump chart and images	2025-01-03 00:26:13 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	d536cf8ed0	Merge pull request #1593 from a7i/license-2025 update license to year 2025	2025-01-02 22:54:15 +01:00
Amir Alavi	48aede9fde	update license to year 2025 Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2025-01-02 13:36:59 -05:00
Amir Alavi	bd5b95dbf9	[release v0.32.0] bump chart and images Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2025-01-02 13:31:18 -05:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	71726c8c85	Merge pull request #1588 from a7i/docs-1.32 [release v0.32] update docs/readme	2024-12-30 06:48:13 +01:00
Amir Alavi	32e29973d8	[release v0.32] update docs/readme Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2024-12-29 23:19:16 -06:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	d0fd115747	Merge pull request #1587 from a7i/k8s-1.32 [release v0.32] update kubernetes kind version to 1.32	2024-12-29 17:42:12 +01:00
Amir Alavi	da65808f77	[release v0.32] update kubernetes kind version to 1.32 Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2024-12-27 12:07:32 -06:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	29ff28cbb5	Merge pull request #1536 from googs1025/test feature(eviction): add event when EvictPod failed	2024-12-17 13:18:53 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	d653537ee6	Merge pull request #1575 from a7i/bump-k8s-1.32 bump to official kubernetes v0.32.0 deps	2024-12-17 11:17:00 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	c3b9c97827	Merge pull request #1564 from pipo02mix/improve-defaults Improve chart default values	2024-12-17 11:16:53 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	75c5c75e13	Merge pull request #1576 from seanmalloy/bump-kind-0.26.0 Bump kind to v0.26.0	2024-12-17 10:38:52 +01:00
Sean Malloy	b66b5d35f0	Bump kind to v0.26.0 The new kind version defaults to k8s v1.32.0 version when creating new clusters.	2024-12-16 22:28:54 -06:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	5c3a3bdcf1	Merge pull request #1573 from icloudnote/charts Fixed the issue when successfulJobsHistoryLimit and failedJobsHistoryLimit variables are 0.	2024-12-14 19:32:42 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	46fa370ede	Merge pull request #1570 from felipewnp/patch-1 docs: Removing deschedulerPolicy.strategies since it does not exist	2024-12-14 19:02:44 +01:00
Amir Alavi	4e8c7e6702	bump to official kubernetes v0.32.0 deps Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2024-12-13 20:03:43 -06:00
changjun	bc6323611b	Fixed the issue when successfulJobsHistoryLimit and failedJobsHistoryLimit variables are 0.	2024-12-11 21:44:01 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	51a004c848	Merge pull request #1569 from a7i/bump-v0.32.0-rc.2 bump to kubernetes v0.32.0-rc.2	2024-12-11 06:48:02 +00:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	44bde42b63	Merge pull request #1572 from seanmalloy/golangci-lint-verbose Enable golangci-lint Verbose Output	2024-12-11 02:52:02 +00:00
googs1025	bbffb830b9	feature(eviction): add event when EvictPod failed	2024-12-07 19:38:20 +08:00
Sean Malloy	73fecfb7c4	Enable golangci-lint Verbose Output The golangci-lint tool gets stuck for a variety of reasons when running in Prow CI. Enabling verbose output in an attempt to make debugging easier. ref: https://golangci-lint.run/contributing/debug/	2024-12-06 22:44:28 -06:00
Amir Alavi	f4c3fdf418	bump to kubernetes v0.32.0-rc.2 Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2024-12-06 16:25:40 -05:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	2c11481856	Merge pull request #1571 from seanmalloy/bump-golangci-lint-timeout Bump golangci-lint timeout from 2m to 5m	2024-12-06 19:38:01 +00:00
Sean Malloy	e6deb65299	Bump golangci-lint timeout from 2m to 5m Sometimes golangci-lint timesout when running in CI. Bump the timeout from 2 minutes to 5 minutes to reduce flakey CI failures. ref: https://golangci-lint.run/usage/configuration/#run-configurationhttps://golangci-lint.run/usage/configuration/#run-configuration	2024-12-06 13:03:40 -06:00
felipewnp	677c6a60ce	docs: Removing deschedulerPolicy.strategies since it does not exist Since the parameter strategies don't exist anywhere in the code or docs, I'm removing it from the chart readme as a possible option. It just makes things more confusing.	2024-12-06 12:49:43 -03:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	a2fd3aa1eb	Merge pull request #1568 from seanmalloy/bump-kind-v0.25.0 Bump kind version to v0.25.0	2024-12-06 09:34:01 +00:00
Sean Malloy	697ecc79e4	Bump kind version to v0.25.0	2024-12-05 22:32:46 -06:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	e619ec6c41	Merge pull request #1567 from seanmalloy/golangci-lint-bump-1.62.2 Bump golangci-lint to 1.62.2	2024-12-05 14:12:01 +00:00
Sean Malloy	be9e971cda	Bump golangci-lint to 1.62.2	2024-12-04 16:02:41 -06:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	a8e14ec14d	Merge pull request #1565 from seanmalloy/go-bump-1.23.3 Bump to Go 1.23.3	2024-12-04 16:45:02 +00:00
Sean Malloy	00b6e3528f	Bump to Go 1.23.3 The k/k repo was bumped to Go 1.23.3. See below PR for reference. https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/128852	2024-12-03 22:58:23 -06:00
pipo02mix	18e3d17c29	Improve chart default values	2024-12-03 14:42:14 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	a962cca90d	Merge pull request #1555 from ingvagabund/actual-utilization-kubernetes-metrics Use actual node resource utilization by consuming kubernetes metrics	2024-11-20 13:58:54 +00:00
Jan Chaloupka	6567f01e86	[nodeutilization]: actual usage client through kubernetes metrics	2024-11-20 14:30:46 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	c86416612e	go mod tidy/vendor k8s.io/metrics	2024-11-19 16:08:14 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	a4c09bf560	Merge pull request #1466 from ingvagabund/eviction-in-background-code Introduce RequestEviction feature for evicting pods in background (KEP-1397)	2024-11-19 14:54:54 +00:00
Jan Chaloupka	7d4ec60e2d	bump(vendor)	2024-11-19 15:28:49 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	3a1a3ff9d8	Introduce RequestEviction feature for evicting pods in background When the feature is enabled each pod with descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/request-evict-only annotation will have the eviction API error examined for a specific error code/reason and message. If matched eviction of such a pod will be interpreted as initiation of an eviction in background.	2024-11-19 15:28:37 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	343ebb9ff9	Merge pull request #1545 from ingvagabund/node-utilization-refactoring-III nodeutilization: separate code responsible for requested resource extraction into a dedicated usage client	2024-11-15 14:34:53 +00:00
Jan Chaloupka	d1c64c48cd	nodeutilization: separate code responsible for requested resource extraction into a dedicated usage client Turning a usage client into an interface allows to implement other kinds of usage clients like actual usage or prometheus based resource collection.	2024-11-15 11:23:49 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	7b1178be9f	Merge pull request #1551 from ingvagabund/bump-golangci-lint bump(golangci-lint)=v1.62.0	2024-11-14 15:32:51 +00:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	23a6d26209	Merge pull request #1549 from ingvagabund/usageKeysAndValues nodeutilization: usage2KeysAndValues for constructing a key:value list for InfoS printing resource usage	2024-11-14 14:30:52 +00:00
Jan Chaloupka	cd408dd785	bump(golangci-lint)=v1.62.0	2024-11-14 15:03:03 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	9950b8a55d	nodeutilization: usage2KeysAndValues for constructing a key:value list for InfoS printing resource usage	2024-11-14 14:15:26 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	f115e780d8	Define EvictionsInBackground feature gate	2024-11-14 13:29:59 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	af8a7445a4	Merge pull request #1544 from ingvagabund/node-utilization-refactoring-II nodeutilization: evictPodsFromSourceNodes: iterate through existing resources	2024-11-13 22:00:47 +00:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	5ba11e09c7	Merge pull request #1543 from ingvagabund/node-utilization-refactoring-I nodeutilization: NodeUtilization: make pod utilization extraction configurable	2024-11-13 21:34:47 +00:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	d41981644a	Merge pull request #1546 from ingvagabund/sortNodesByUsage-extended sortNodesByUsage: drop extended resources as they are already counted in	2024-11-13 20:50:47 +00:00
Jan Chaloupka	67d3d52de8	sortNodesByUsage: drop extended resources as they are already counted in	2024-11-13 21:31:02 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	e9f43856a9	nodeutilization: iterate through existing resources	2024-11-13 15:31:48 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	e655a7eb27	nodeutilization: NodeUtilization: make pod utilization extraction configurable	2024-11-13 14:21:32 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	da52983b27	Merge pull request #1542 from ingvagabund/descheduler-server-apply DeschedulerServer: new Apply function for applying configuration	2024-11-13 13:10:47 +00:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	1e48cfe6f8	Merge pull request #1541 from ingvagabund/sortNodesByUsage-dont-hardcode-resource-names Update nodes sorting function to respect available resources	2024-11-13 12:46:46 +00:00
Jan Chaloupka	fb4b8746ec	Move RunE code under Run	2024-11-12 15:46:12 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	269f16cf73	DeschedulerServer: new Apply function for applying configuration	2024-11-12 15:43:14 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	7eeb07d96a	Update nodes sorting function to respect available resources	2024-11-11 16:26:56 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	a18425a18d	Merge pull request #1539 from sagar-18/patch-1 Update Dockerfile - GoLang v 1.22.7 FIX - CVE-2024-34156, CVE-2024-34155 and CVE-2024-34158	2024-11-05 07:47:29 +00:00
Sagar Chauhan	0c552b667f	Update Dockerfile - GoLang v 1.22.7 FIX - CVE-2024-34156 FIX - CVE-2024-34156	2024-10-31 21:27:06 +05:30
Simon Scharf	ef0c2c1c47	add ignorePodsWithoutPDB option (#1529 ) * add ignoreNonPDBPods option * take2 * add test * poddisruptionbudgets are now used by defaultevictor plugin * add poddisruptionbudgets to rbac * review comments * don't use GetPodPodDisruptionBudgets * review comment, don't hide error	2024-10-15 21:21:04 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	7696f00518	Merge pull request #1532 from ingvagabund/node-utilization-refactoring Node utilization refactoring	2024-10-14 20:10:22 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	89bd188a35	hnu: move static code from Balance under plugin constructor	2024-10-11 16:49:23 +02:00
Jan Chaloupka	e3c41d6ea6	lnu: move static code from Balance under plugin constructor	2024-10-11 16:37:53 +02:00
Jan Chaloupka	e0ff750fa7	Move default LNU threshold setting under setDefaultForLNUThresholds	2024-10-11 16:31:37 +02:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	b07be078c3	Merge pull request #1527 from ingvagabund/e2e-buildTestDeployment test: construct e2e deployments through buildTestDeployment	2024-10-08 19:34:23 +01:00
Simon Scharf	22d9230a67	Make sure dry runs sees all the resources a normal run would do (#1526 ) * generic resource handling, so that dry run has all the expected resource types and objects * simpler code and better names * fix imports	2024-10-04 12:20:28 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	3e6166666b	test: construct e2e deployments through buildTestDeployment	2024-10-01 15:23:44 +02:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	e1e537de95	Merge pull request #1522 from fanhaouu/e2e-leaderelection [LeaderElection] e2e: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-10-01 08:23:53 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	8e762d2585	Merge pull request #1523 from fanhaouu/e2e-topologyspreadconstraint [TopologySpreadConstraint] e2e: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-09-30 20:37:32 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	042fef7c91	Merge pull request #1521 from fanhaouu/e2e-failedpods [FailedPods] e2e: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-09-30 20:37:24 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	2c033a1f6d	Merge pull request #1520 from fanhaouu/e2e-duplicatepods [DuplicatePods] e2e: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-09-30 20:02:04 +01:00
Hao Fan	e0a8c77d0e	e2e: DuplicatePods: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-09-23 19:37:56 +08:00
Hao Fan	05ce561a06	e2e: FailedPods: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-09-23 19:36:53 +08:00
Hao Fan	8b6a67535f	remove policy_leaderelection yaml file	2024-09-23 19:36:01 +08:00
Hao Fan	347a08a11a	add update lease permission	2024-09-23 19:36:01 +08:00
Hao Fan	0ac05f6ea3	e2e: LeaderElection: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-09-23 19:35:33 +08:00
Hao Fan	af495e65f7	e2e: TopologySpreadConstraint: build a descheduler image and run the descheduler as a pod	2024-09-23 19:33:59 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	18ef69584e	Merge pull request #1517 from fanhaouu/e2e-common-method [e2e] abstract common methods	2024-09-20 09:31:33 +01:00
Hao Fan	d25cba08a9	[e2e] abstract common methods	2024-09-19 21:51:11 +08:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	8b0744c5b2	Merge pull request #1514 from a7i/amir/gha-perms fix: github action Release Charts to have write permissions	2024-09-09 22:15:57 +01:00
Amir Alavi	6e30321989	fix: github action Release Charts to have write permissions	2024-09-09 16:56:11 -04:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	b094acb572	Merge pull request #1512 from a7i/bump-helm descheduler v0.31.0: bump helm chart	2024-09-09 21:48:34 +01:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	9f15e02245	Merge pull request #1513 from a7i/amir/bump-golangci chore: bump golangci-lint to latest	2024-09-09 20:35:09 +01:00
Amir Alavi	3bf40c830a	chore: bump golangci-lint to latest	2024-09-09 14:53:15 -04:00
Kubernetes Prow Robot	c9c03ee536	Merge pull request #1511 from a7i/bump-kustomize descheduler v0.31.0: bump kustomize files	2024-09-09 19:42:43 +01:00
Amir Alavi	f19a297d64	bump kustomize files Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2024-09-09 14:22:02 -04:00
Amir Alavi	2c005600cc	descheduler v0.31.0: bump helm chart Signed-off-by: Amir Alavi <amiralavi7@gmail.com>	2024-09-09 14:20:56 -04:00