Merge pull request #1680 from a7i/amir/helm-0.33

v0.33.0: bump helm chart

.github/workflows/helm.yaml

@@ -20,27 +20,35 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Set up Helm
-        uses: azure/setup-helm@v2.1
+        uses: azure/setup-helm@v4.2.0
         with:
-          version: v3.9.2
+          version: v3.15.1
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3.1.2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5.1.1
         with:
-          python-version: 3.7
+          python-version: 3.12
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22.3'
+          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
 
       - name: Set up chart-testing
-        uses: helm/chart-testing-action@v2.2.1
+        uses: helm/chart-testing-action@v2.6.1
         with:
-          version: v3.7.0
+          version: v3.11.0
+
+      - name: Install Helm Unit Test Plugin
+        run: |
+          helm plugin install https://github.com/helm-unittest/helm-unittest
+
+      - name: Run Helm Unit Tests
+        run: |
+          helm unittest charts/descheduler --strict -d
 
       - name: Run chart-testing (list-changed)
         id: list-changed

.github/workflows/manifests.yaml

@@ -7,20 +7,22 @@ jobs:
   deploy:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        k8s-version: ["v1.30.0"]
-        descheduler-version: ["v0.30.0"]
-        descheduler-api: ["v1alpha1", "v1alpha2"]
+        k8s-version: ["v1.33.0"]
+        descheduler-version: ["v0.33.0"]
+        descheduler-api: ["v1alpha2"]
         manifest: ["deployment"]
+        kind-version: ["v0.27.0"] # keep in sync with test/run-e2e-tests.sh
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Create kind cluster
-        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.5.0
+        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.12.0
         with:
           node_image: kindest/node:${{ matrix.k8s-version }}
           kubectl_version: ${{ matrix.k8s-version }}
           config: test/kind-config.yaml
+          version: ${{ matrix.kind-version }}
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ on:
     branches:
       - release-*
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write # allow actions to update gh-pages branch
+
 jobs:
   release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -20,12 +23,12 @@ jobs:
           git config user.email "$GITHUB_ACTOR@users.noreply.github.com"
 
       - name: Install Helm
-        uses: azure/setup-helm@v1
+        uses: azure/setup-helm@v4.2.0
         with:
-          version: v3.7.0
+          version: v3.15.1
 
       - name: Run chart-releaser
-        uses: helm/chart-releaser-action@v1.1.0
+        uses: helm/chart-releaser-action@v1.6.0
         env:
           CR_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
           CR_RELEASE_NAME_TEMPLATE: "descheduler-helm-chart-{{ .Version }}"

.github/workflows/security.yaml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 run:
-  timeout: 2m
+  timeout: 5m
 
 linters:
   disable-all: true

Dockerfile

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-FROM golang:1.22.3
+FROM golang:1.24.2
 
 WORKDIR /go/src/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler
 COPY . .
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ RUN VERSION=${VERSION} make build.$ARCH
 
 FROM scratch
 
-MAINTAINER Kubernetes SIG Scheduling <kubernetes-sig-scheduling@googlegroups.com>
+MAINTAINER Kubernetes SIG Scheduling <sig-scheduling@kubernetes.io>
+
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler
 
 USER 1000
 

Dockerfile.dev

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 FROM scratch
 
-MAINTAINER Kubernetes SIG Scheduling <kubernetes-sig-scheduling@googlegroups.com>
+MAINTAINER Kubernetes SIG Scheduling <sig-scheduling@kubernetes.io>
 
 USER 1000
 

Makefile

@@ -26,12 +26,14 @@ ARCHS = amd64 arm arm64
 
 LDFLAGS=-ldflags "-X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.version=${VERSION} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.buildDate=${BUILD} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.gitbranch=${BRANCH} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.gitsha1=${SHA1}"
 
-GOLANGCI_VERSION := v1.58.1
+GOLANGCI_VERSION := v1.64.8
 HAS_GOLANGCI := $(shell ls _output/bin/golangci-lint 2> /dev/null)
 
-GOFUMPT_VERSION := v0.4.0
+GOFUMPT_VERSION := v0.7.0
 HAS_GOFUMPT := $(shell command -v gofumpt 2> /dev/null)
 
+GO_VERSION := $(shell (command -v jq > /dev/null && (go mod edit -json | jq -r .Go)) || (sed -En 's/^go (.*)$$/\1/p' go.mod))
+
 # REGISTRY is the container registry to push
 # into. The default is to push to the staging
 # registry, not production.
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ gen:
 	./hack/update-docs.sh
 
 gen-docker:
-	$(CONTAINER_ENGINE) run --entrypoint make -it -v $(CURRENT_DIR):/go/src/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler -w /go/src/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler golang:1.22.3 gen
+	$(CONTAINER_ENGINE) run --entrypoint make -it -v $(CURRENT_DIR):/go/src/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler -w /go/src/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler golang:$(GO_VERSION) gen
 
 verify-gen:
 	./hack/verify-conversions.sh
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ lint:
 ifndef HAS_GOLANGCI
 	curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b ./_output/bin ${GOLANGCI_VERSION}
 endif
-	./_output/bin/golangci-lint run
+	./_output/bin/golangci-lint run -v
 
 fmt:
 ifndef HAS_GOFUMPT

OWNERS

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ reviewers:
 - janeliul
 - knelasevero
 - jklaw90
+- googs1025
+- ricardomaraschini
 emeritus_approvers:
 - aveshagarwal
 - k82cn

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ![Release Charts](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/workflows/Release%20Charts/badge.svg)
 
 <p align="left">
-	↖️ Click at the [bullet list icon] at the top left corner of the Readme visualization for the github generated table of contents.
+	↗️️ Click at the [bullet list icon] at the top right corner of the Readme visualization for the github generated table of contents.
 </p>
 
 <p align="center">
@@ -33,18 +33,15 @@ but relies on the default scheduler for that.
 ## ⚠️  Documentation Versions by Release
 
 If you are using a published release of Descheduler (such as
-`registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.26.1`), follow the documentation in
+`registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.33.0`), follow the documentation in
 that version's release branch, as listed below:
 
 |Descheduler Version|Docs link|
 |---|---|
+|v0.33.x|[`release-1.33`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.33/README.md)|
+|v0.32.x|[`release-1.32`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.32/README.md)|
+|v0.31.x|[`release-1.31`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.31/README.md)|
 |v0.30.x|[`release-1.30`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.30/README.md)|
-|v0.29.x|[`release-1.29`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.29/README.md)|
-|v0.28.x|[`release-1.28`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.28/README.md)|
-|v0.27.x|[`release-1.27`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.27/README.md)|
-|v0.26.x|[`release-1.26`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.26/README.md)|
-|v0.25.x|[`release-1.25`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.25/README.md)|
-|v0.24.x|[`release-1.24`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.24/README.md)|
 
 The
 [`master`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/master/README.md)
@@ -96,17 +93,17 @@ See the [resources | Kustomize](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/ku
 
 Run As A Job
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/job?ref=v0.26.1' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/job?ref=release-1.33' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```
 
 Run As A CronJob
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/cronjob?ref=v0.26.1' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/cronjob?ref=release-1.33' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```
 
 Run As A Deployment
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/deployment?ref=v0.26.1' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/deployment?ref=release-1.33' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```
 
 ## User Guide
@@ -115,35 +112,56 @@ See the [user guide](docs/user-guide.md) in the `/docs` directory.
 
 ## Policy, Default Evictor and Strategy plugins
 
-**⚠️ v1alpha1 configuration is still supported, but deprecated (and soon will be removed). Please consider migrating to v1alpha2 (described bellow). For previous v1alpha1 documentation go to [docs/deprecated/v1alpha1.md](docs/deprecated/v1alpha1.md) ⚠️**
-
 The Descheduler Policy is configurable and includes default strategy plugins that can be enabled or disabled. It includes a common eviction configuration at the top level, as well as configuration from the Evictor plugin (Default Evictor, if not specified otherwise). Top-level configuration and Evictor plugin configuration are applied to all evictions.
 
 ### Top Level configuration
 
 These are top level keys in the Descheduler Policy that you can use to configure all evictions.
 
-| Name |type| Default Value | Description |
-|------|----|---------------|-------------|
-| `nodeSelector` |`string`| `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed. Only used when `nodeFit`=`true` and only by the PreEvictionFilter Extension Point |
-| `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each node (summed through all strategies) |
-| `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each namespace (summed through all strategies) |
+| Name                               | type     | Default Value | Description                                                                                                                |
+|------------------------------------|----------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `nodeSelector`                     | `string` | `nil`         | Limiting the nodes which are processed. Only used when `nodeFit`=`true` and only by the PreEvictionFilter Extension Point. |
+| `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode`        | `int`    | `nil`         | Maximum number of pods evicted from each node (summed through all strategies).                                             |
+| `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace`   | `int`    | `nil`         | Maximum number of pods evicted from each namespace (summed through all strategies).                                        |
+| `maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal`          | `int`    | `nil`         | Maximum number of pods evicted per rescheduling cycle (summed through all strategies).                                     |
+| `metricsCollector` (deprecated)    | `object` | `nil`         | Configures collection of metrics for actual resource utilization.                                                          |
+| `metricsCollector.enabled`         | `bool`   | `false`       | Enables Kubernetes [Metrics Server](https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/) collection.                         |
+| `metricsProviders`                 | `[]object` | `nil`       | Enables various metrics providers like Kubernetes [Metrics Server](https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/)      |
+| `evictionFailureEventNotification` | `bool`   | `false`       | Enables eviction failure event notification.                                                                               |
+| `gracePeriodSeconds`               | `int`    | `0`           | The duration in seconds before the object should be deleted. The value zero indicates delete immediately.                  |
+| `prometheus` |`object`| `nil` | Configures collection of Prometheus metrics for actual resource utilization |
+| `prometheus.url` |`string`| `nil` | Points to a Prometheus server url |
+| `prometheus.authToken` |`object`| `nil` | Sets Prometheus server authentication token. If not specified in cluster authentication token from the container's file system is read. |
+| `prometheus.authToken.secretReference` |`object`| `nil` | Read the authentication token from a kubernetes secret (the secret is expected to contain the token under `prometheusAuthToken` data key) |
+| `prometheus.authToken.secretReference.namespace` |`string`| `nil` | Authentication token kubernetes secret namespace (currently, the RBAC configuration permits retrieving secrets from the `kube-system` namespace. If the secret needs to be accessed from a different namespace, the existing RBAC rules must be explicitly extended. |
+| `prometheus.authToken.secretReference.name` |`string`| `nil` | Authentication token kubernetes secret name |
+
+The descheduler currently allows to configure a metric collection of Kubernetes Metrics through `metricsProviders` field.
+The previous way of setting `metricsCollector` field is deprecated. There are currently two sources to configure:
+- `KubernetesMetrics`: enables metrics collection from Kubernetes Metrics server
+- `Prometheus`: enables metrics collection from Prometheus server
+
+In general, each plugin can consume metrics from a different provider so multiple distinct providers can be configured in parallel.
+
 
 ### Evictor Plugin configuration (Default Evictor)
 
 The Default Evictor Plugin is used by default for filtering pods before processing them in an strategy plugin, or for applying a PreEvictionFilter of pods before eviction. You can also create your own Evictor Plugin or use the Default one provided by Descheduler.  Other uses for the Evictor plugin can be to sort, filter, validate or group pods by different criteria, and that's why this is handled by a plugin and not configured in the top level config.
 
-| Name |type| Default Value | Description |
-|------|----|---------------|-------------|
-| `nodeSelector` |`string`| `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed |
-| `evictLocalStoragePods` |`bool`| `false` | allows eviction of pods with local storage |
+| Name                      |type| Default Value | Description                                                                                                                 |
+|---------------------------|----|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `nodeSelector`            |`string`| `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed                                                                                      |
+| `evictLocalStoragePods`   |`bool`| `false` | allows eviction of pods with local storage                                                                                  |
+| `evictDaemonSetPods`      | bool | false   | allows eviction of DaemonSet managed Pods.                                                                                  |
 | `evictSystemCriticalPods` |`bool`| `false` | [Warning: Will evict Kubernetes system pods] allows eviction of pods with any priority, including system pods like kube-dns |
-| `ignorePvcPods` |`bool`| `false` | set whether PVC pods should be evicted or ignored |
-| `evictFailedBarePods` |`bool`| `false` | allow eviction of pods without owner references and in failed phase |
-|`labelSelector`|`metav1.LabelSelector`||(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`priorityThreshold`|`priorityThreshold`||(see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|`bool`|`false`|(see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-|`minReplicas`|`uint`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods where owner (e.g. `ReplicaSet`) replicas is below this threshold |
+| `ignorePvcPods`           |`bool`| `false` | set whether PVC pods should be evicted or ignored                                                                           |
+| `evictFailedBarePods`     |`bool`| `false` | allow eviction of pods without owner references and in failed phase                                                         |
+| `labelSelector`           |`metav1.LabelSelector`|| (see [label filtering](#label-filtering))                                                                                   |
+| `priorityThreshold`       |`priorityThreshold`|| (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))                                                                             |
+| `nodeFit`                 |`bool`|`false`| (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))                                                                             |
+| `minReplicas`             |`uint`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods where owner (e.g. `ReplicaSet`) replicas is below this threshold                                    |
+| `minPodAge`               |`metav1.Duration`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods with a creation time within this threshold                                                          |
+| `ignorePodsWithoutPDB`    |`bool`|`false`| set whether pods without PodDisruptionBudget should be evicted or ignored                                                   |
 
 ### Example policy
 
@@ -159,6 +177,17 @@ kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
 nodeSelector: "node=node1" # you don't need to set this, if not set all will be processed
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
+maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
+gracePeriodSeconds: 60 # you don't need to set this, 0 if not set
+# you don't need to set this, metrics are not collected if not set
+metricsProviders:
+- source: Prometheus
+  prometheus:
+    url: http://prometheus-kube-prometheus-prometheus.prom.svc.cluster.local
+    authToken:
+      secretReference:
+        namespace: "kube-system"
+        name: "authtoken"
 profiles:
   - name: ProfileName
     pluginConfig:
@@ -278,11 +307,18 @@ If that parameter is set to `true`, the thresholds are considered as percentage
 `thresholds` will be deducted from the mean among all nodes and `targetThresholds` will be added to the mean.
 A resource consumption above (resp. below) this window is considered as overutilization (resp. underutilization).
 
-**NOTE:** Node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
+**NOTE:** By default node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
 This approach is chosen in order to maintain consistency with the kube-scheduler, which follows the same
 design for scheduling pods onto nodes. This means that resource usage as reported by Kubelet (or commands
 like `kubectl top`) may differ from the calculated consumption, due to these components reporting
-actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO for the project.
+actual usage metrics. Metrics-based descheduling can be enabled by setting `metricsUtilization.metricsServer` field (deprecated)
+or `metricsUtilization.source` field to `KubernetesMetrics`.
+In order to have the plugin consume the metrics the metric provider needs to be configured as well.
+Alternatively, it is possible to create a prometheus client and configure a prometheus query to consume
+metrics outside of the kubernetes metrics server. The query is expected to return a vector of values for
+each node. The values are expected to be any real number within <0; 1> interval. During eviction only
+a single pod is evicted at most from each overutilized node. There's currently no support for evicting more.
+See `metricsProviders` field at [Top Level configuration](#top-level-configuration) for available options.
 
 **Parameters:**
 
@@ -292,7 +328,13 @@ actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO
 |`thresholds`|map(string:int)|
 |`targetThresholds`|map(string:int)|
 |`numberOfNodes`|int|
+|`evictionLimits`|object|
 |`evictableNamespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
+|`metricsUtilization`|object|
+|`metricsUtilization.metricsServer` (deprecated)|bool|
+|`metricsUtilization.source`|string|
+|`metricsUtilization.prometheus.query`|string|
+
 
 **Example:**
 
@@ -312,6 +354,12 @@ profiles:
           "cpu" : 50
           "memory": 50
           "pods": 50
+        # metricsUtilization:
+        #   source: Prometheus
+        #   prometheus:
+        #     query: instance:node_cpu:rate:sum
+        evictionLimits:
+          node: 5
     plugins:
       balance:
         enabled:
@@ -327,10 +375,12 @@ and will not be used to compute node's usage if it's not specified in `threshold
 * The valid range of the resource's percentage value is \[0, 100\]
 * Percentage value of `thresholds` can not be greater than `targetThresholds` for the same resource.
 
-There is another parameter associated with the `LowNodeUtilization` strategy, called `numberOfNodes`.
-This parameter can be configured to activate the strategy only when the number of under utilized nodes
+There are two more parameters associated with the `LowNodeUtilization` strategy, called `numberOfNodes` and `evictionLimits`.
+The first parameter can be configured to activate the strategy only when the number of under utilized nodes
 are above the configured value. This could be helpful in large clusters where a few nodes could go
 under utilized frequently or for a short period of time. By default, `numberOfNodes` is set to zero.
+The second parameter is useful when a number of evictions per the plugin per a descheduling cycle needs to be limited.
+The parameter currently enables to limit the number of evictions per node through `node` field.
 
 ### HighNodeUtilization
 
@@ -356,6 +406,12 @@ strategy evicts pods from `underutilized nodes` (those with usage below `thresho
 so that they can be recreated in appropriately utilized nodes.
 The strategy will abort if any number of `underutilized nodes` or `appropriately utilized nodes` is zero.
 
+To control pod eviction from underutilized nodes, use the `evictionModes`
+array. A lenient policy, which evicts pods regardless of their resource
+requests, is the default. To enable a stricter policy that only evicts pods
+with resource requests defined for the provided threshold resources, add the
+option `OnlyThresholdingResources` to the `evictionModes` configuration.
+
 **NOTE:** Node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
 This approach is chosen in order to maintain consistency with the kube-scheduler, which follows the same
 design for scheduling pods onto nodes. This means that resource usage as reported by Kubelet (or commands
@@ -368,8 +424,15 @@ actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO
 |---|---|
 |`thresholds`|map(string:int)|
 |`numberOfNodes`|int|
+|`evictionModes`|list(string)|
 |`evictableNamespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
 
+**Supported Eviction Modes:**
+
+|Name|Description|
+|---|---|
+|`OnlyThresholdingResources`|Evict only pods that have resource requests defined for the provided threshold resources.|
+
 **Example:**
 
 ```yaml
@@ -388,6 +451,8 @@ profiles:
           exclude:
           - "kube-system"
           - "namespace1"
+        evictionModes:
+          - "OnlyThresholdingResources"
     plugins:
       balance:
         enabled:
@@ -503,7 +568,7 @@ key=value matches an excludedTaints entry, the taint will be ignored.
 For example, excludedTaints entry "dedicated" would match all taints with key "dedicated", regardless of value.
 excludedTaints entry "dedicated=special-user" would match taints with key "dedicated" and value "special-user".
 
-If a list of includedTaints is provided, a taint will be considered if and only if it matches an included key **or** key=value from the list. Otherwise it will be ignored. Leaving includedTaints unset will include any taint by default. 
+If a list of includedTaints is provided, a taint will be considered if and only if it matches an included key **or** key=value from the list. Otherwise it will be ignored. Leaving includedTaints unset will include any taint by default.
 
 **Parameters:**
 
@@ -671,12 +736,14 @@ Pods in any state (even `Running`) are considered for eviction.
 
 **Parameters:**
 
-|Name|Type|Notes|
-|---|---|---|
-|`maxPodLifeTimeSeconds`|int||
-|`states`|list(string)|Only supported in v0.25+|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))||
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))||
+| Name                           | Type                                              | Notes                    |
+|--------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|
+| `maxPodLifeTimeSeconds`        | int                                               |                          |
+| `states`                       | list(string)                                      | Only supported in v0.25+ |
+| `includingInitContainers`      | bool                                              | Only supported in v0.31+ |
+| `includingEphemeralContainers` | bool                                              | Only supported in v0.31+ |
+| `namespaces`                   | (see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering)) |                          |
+| `labelSelector`                | (see [label filtering](#label-filtering))         |                          |
 
 **Example:**
 
@@ -858,7 +925,7 @@ does not exist, descheduler won't create it and will throw an error.
 
 ### Label filtering
 
-The following strategies can configure a [standard kubernetes labelSelector](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.26/#labelselector-v1-meta)
+The following strategies can configure a [standard kubernetes labelSelector](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.33/#labelselector-v1-meta)
 to filter pods by their labels:
 
 * `PodLifeTime`
@@ -978,10 +1045,12 @@ To get best results from HA mode some additional configurations might require:
 
 ## Metrics
 
-| name	| type	| description |
-|-------|-------|----------------|
-| build_info |	gauge |	constant 1 |
-| pods_evicted | CounterVec | total number of pods evicted |
+| name	                                 | type	        | description                                                                       |
+|---------------------------------------|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| build_info                            | 	gauge       | 	constant 1                                                                       |
+| pods_evicted                          | CounterVec   | total number of pods evicted                                                      |
+| descheduler_loop_duration_seconds     | HistogramVec | time taken to complete a whole descheduling cycle (support _bucket, _sum, _count) |
+| descheduler_strategy_duration_seconds | HistogramVec | time taken to complete each stragtegy of descheduling operation (support _bucket, _sum, _count) |
 
 The metrics are served through https://localhost:10258/metrics by default.
 The address and port can be changed by setting `--binding-address` and `--secure-port` flags.
@@ -997,6 +1066,12 @@ packages that it is compiled with.
 
 | Descheduler | Supported Kubernetes Version |
 |-------------|------------------------------|
+| v0.33       | v1.33                        |
+| v0.32       | v1.32                        |
+| v0.31       | v1.31                        |
+| v0.30       | v1.30                        |
+| v0.29       | v1.29                        |
+| v0.28       | v1.28                        |
 | v0.27       | v1.27                        |
 | v0.26       | v1.26                        |
 | v0.25       | v1.25                        |

charts/descheduler/Chart.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 apiVersion: v1
 name: descheduler
-version: 0.30.0
-appVersion: 0.30.0
+version: 0.33.0
+appVersion: 0.33.0
 description: Descheduler for Kubernetes is used to rebalance clusters by evicting pods that can potentially be scheduled on better nodes. In the current implementation, descheduler does not schedule replacement of evicted pods but relies on the default scheduler for that.
 keywords:
 - kubernetes
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ sources:
 - https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler
 maintainers:
 - name: Kubernetes SIG Scheduling
-  email: kubernetes-sig-scheduling@googlegroups.com
+  email: sig-scheduling@kubernetes.io

charts/descheduler/README.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ helm install my-release --namespace kube-system descheduler/descheduler
 
 ## Introduction
 
-This chart bootstraps a [descheduler](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/) cron job on a [Kubernetes](http://kubernetes.io) cluster using the [Helm](https://helm.sh) package manager.
+This chart bootstraps a [descheduler](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/) cron job with a default DeschedulerPolicy on a [Kubernetes](http://kubernetes.io) cluster using the [Helm](https://helm.sh) package manager. To preview what changes descheduler would make without actually going forward with the changes, you can install descheduler in dry run mode by providing the flag `--set cmdOptions.dry-run=true` to the `helm install` command below.
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ The following table lists the configurable parameters of the _descheduler_ chart
 | `imagePullSecrets`                  | Docker repository secrets                                                                                             | `[]`                                      |
 | `nameOverride`                      | String to partially override `descheduler.fullname` template (will prepend the release name)                          | `""`                                      |
 | `fullnameOverride`                  | String to fully override `descheduler.fullname` template                                                              | `""`                                      |
+| `namespaceOverride`                 | Override the deployment namespace; defaults to .Release.Namespace                                                     | `""`                                      |
 | `cronJobApiVersion`                 | CronJob API Group Version                                                                                             | `"batch/v1"`                              |
 | `schedule`                          | The cron schedule to run the _descheduler_ job on                                                                     | `"*/2 * * * *"`                           |
 | `startingDeadlineSeconds`           | If set, configure `startingDeadlineSeconds` for the _descheduler_ job                                                 | `nil`                                     |
@@ -63,7 +64,6 @@ The following table lists the configurable parameters of the _descheduler_ chart
 | `replicas`                          | The replica count for Deployment                                                                                      | `1`                                       |
 | `leaderElection`                    | The options for high availability when running replicated components                                                  | _see values.yaml_                         |
 | `cmdOptions`                        | The options to pass to the _descheduler_ command                                                                      | _see values.yaml_                         |
-| `deschedulerPolicy.strategies`      | The _descheduler_ strategies to apply                                                                                 | _see values.yaml_                         |
 | `priorityClassName`                 | The name of the priority class to add to pods                                                                         | `system-cluster-critical`                 |
 | `rbac.create`                       | If `true`, create & use RBAC resources                                                                                | `true`                                    |
 | `resources`                         | Descheduler container CPU and memory requests/limits                                                                  | _see values.yaml_                         |

charts/descheduler/templates/NOTES.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Descheduler installed as a {{ .Values.kind }}.
 
 {{- if eq .Values.kind "Deployment" }}
-{{- if eq .Values.replicas 1.0}}
+{{- if eq (.Values.replicas | int) 1 }}
 WARNING: You set replica count as 1 and workload kind as Deployment however leaderElection is not enabled. Consider enabling Leader Election for HA mode.
 {{- end}}
 {{- if .Values.leaderElection }}
@@ -10,3 +10,13 @@ WARNING: You enabled DryRun mode, you can't use Leader Election.
 {{- end}}
 {{- end}}
 {{- end}}
+{{- if .Values.deschedulerPolicy }}
+A DeschedulerPolicy has been applied for you. You can view the policy with:
+
+kubectl get configmap -n {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }} {{ template "descheduler.fullname" . }} -o yaml
+
+If you wish to define your own policies out of band from this chart, you may define a configmap named {{ template "descheduler.fullname" . }}.
+To avoid a conflict between helm and your out of band method to deploy the configmap, please set deschedulerPolicy in values.yaml to an empty object as below.
+
+deschedulerPolicy: {}
+{{- end }}

charts/descheduler/templates/_helpers.tpl

@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ If release name contains chart name it will be used as a full name.
 {{- end -}}
 {{- end -}}
 
+{{/*
+Expand the namespace of the release.
+Allows overriding it for multi-namespace deployments in combined charts.
+*/}}
+{{- define "descheduler.namespace" -}}
+{{- default .Release.Namespace .Values.namespaceOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" -}}
+{{- end -}}
+
 {{/*
 Create chart name and version as used by the chart label.
 */}}
@@ -87,8 +95,10 @@ Leader Election
 {{- if .Values.leaderElection.resourceName }}
 - --leader-elect-resource-name={{ .Values.leaderElection.resourceName }}
 {{- end }}
-{{- if .Values.leaderElection.resourceNamescape }}
-- --leader-elect-resource-namespace={{ .Values.leaderElection.resourceNamescape }}
+{{/* resource namespace value starts with a typo so keeping resourceNamescape for backwards compatibility */}}
+{{- $resourceNamespace := default .Values.leaderElection.resourceNamespace .Values.leaderElection.resourceNamescape -}}
+{{- if $resourceNamespace -}}
+- --leader-elect-resource-namespace={{ $resourceNamespace }}
 {{- end -}}
 {{- end }}
 {{- end }}

charts/descheduler/templates/clusterrole.yaml

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ rules:
 - apiGroups: ["scheduling.k8s.io"]
   resources: ["priorityclasses"]
   verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
+- apiGroups: ["policy"]
+  resources: ["poddisruptionbudgets"]
+  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
 {{- if .Values.leaderElection.enabled }}
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
   resources: ["leases"]
@@ -33,4 +36,13 @@ rules:
   resourceNames: ["{{ .Values.leaderElection.resourceName | default "descheduler" }}"]
   verbs: ["get", "patch", "delete"]
 {{- end }}
+{{- if and .Values.deschedulerPolicy }}
+{{- range .Values.deschedulerPolicy.metricsProviders }}
+{{- if and (hasKey . "source") (eq .source "KubernetesMetrics") }}
+- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
+  resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list"]
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}
+{{- end }}
 {{- end -}}

charts/descheduler/templates/clusterrolebinding.yaml

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ roleRef:
 subjects:
   - kind: ServiceAccount
     name: {{ template "descheduler.serviceAccountName" . }}
-    namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+    namespace: {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }}
 {{- end -}}

charts/descheduler/templates/configmap.yaml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ apiVersion: v1
 kind: ConfigMap
 metadata:
   name: {{ template "descheduler.fullname" . }}
-  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  namespace: {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }}
   labels:
     {{- include "descheduler.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
 data:

charts/descheduler/templates/cronjob.yaml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ apiVersion: {{ .Values.cronJobApiVersion | default "batch/v1" }}
 kind: CronJob
 metadata:
   name: {{ template "descheduler.fullname" . }}
-  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  namespace: {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }}
   labels:
     {{- include "descheduler.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
 spec:
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ spec:
   {{- if .Values.startingDeadlineSeconds }}
   startingDeadlineSeconds: {{ .Values.startingDeadlineSeconds }}
   {{- end }}
-  {{- if .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit }}
+  {{- if ne .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit nil }}
   successfulJobsHistoryLimit: {{ .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit }}
   {{- end }}
-  {{- if .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit }}
+  {{- if ne .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit nil }}
   failedJobsHistoryLimit: {{ .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit }}
   {{- end }}
   {{- if .Values.timeZone }}
@@ -81,14 +81,22 @@ spec:
               args:
                 - --policy-config-file=/policy-dir/policy.yaml
                 {{- range $key, $value := .Values.cmdOptions }}
-                - {{ printf "--%s" $key }}{{ if $value }}={{ $value }}{{ end }}
+                {{- if ne $value nil }}
+                - {{ printf "--%s=%s" $key (toString $value) }}
+                {{- else }}
+                - {{ printf "--%s" $key }}
+                {{- end }}
                 {{- end }}
               livenessProbe:
                 {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 16 }}
+              ports:
+                {{- toYaml .Values.ports | nindent 16 }}
               resources:
                 {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 16 }}
+              {{- if .Values.securityContext }}
               securityContext:
                 {{- toYaml .Values.securityContext | nindent 16 }}
+              {{- end }}
               volumeMounts:
                 - mountPath: /policy-dir
                   name: policy-volume

charts/descheduler/templates/deployment.yaml

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: {{ template "descheduler.fullname" . }}
-  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  namespace: {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }}
   labels:
     {{- include "descheduler.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
 spec:
-  {{- if gt .Values.replicas 1.0}}
+  {{- if gt (.Values.replicas | int) 1 }}
   {{- if not .Values.leaderElection.enabled }}
   {{- fail "You must set leaderElection to use more than 1 replica"}}
   {{- end}}
@@ -53,18 +53,25 @@ spec:
             - --policy-config-file=/policy-dir/policy.yaml
             - --descheduling-interval={{ required "deschedulingInterval required for running as Deployment" .Values.deschedulingInterval }}
             {{- range $key, $value := .Values.cmdOptions }}
-            - {{ printf "--%s" $key }}{{ if $value }}={{ $value }}{{ end }}
+            {{- if ne $value nil }}
+            - {{ printf "--%s=%s" $key (toString $value) }}
+            {{- else }}
+            - {{ printf "--%s" $key }}
             {{- end }}
+            {{- end }}
+            {{- if .Values.leaderElection.enabled }}
             {{- include "descheduler.leaderElection" . | nindent 12 }}
+            {{- end }}
           ports:
-            - containerPort: 10258
-              protocol: TCP
+            {{- toYaml .Values.ports | nindent 12 }}
           livenessProbe:
             {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 12 }}
           resources:
             {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 12 }}
+          {{- if .Values.securityContext }}
           securityContext:
             {{- toYaml .Values.securityContext | nindent 12 }}
+          {{- end }}
           volumeMounts:
             - mountPath: /policy-dir
               name: policy-volume

charts/descheduler/templates/service.yaml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ metadata:
   labels:
     {{- include "descheduler.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
   name: {{ template "descheduler.fullname" . }}
-  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  namespace: {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }}
 spec:
   clusterIP: None
   {{- if .Values.service.ipFamilyPolicy }}

charts/descheduler/templates/serviceaccount.yaml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
 metadata:
   name: {{ template "descheduler.serviceAccountName" . }}
-  namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+  namespace: {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }}
   labels:
     {{- include "descheduler.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
 {{- if .Values.serviceAccount.annotations }}

charts/descheduler/templates/servicemonitor.yaml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ spec:
   jobLabel: jobLabel
   namespaceSelector:
     matchNames:
-    - {{ .Release.Namespace }}
+    - {{ include "descheduler.namespace" . }}
   selector:
     matchLabels:
       {{- include "descheduler.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }}

charts/descheduler/tests/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__snapshot__

charts/descheduler/tests/cronjob_test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+suite: Test Descheduler CronJob
+
+templates:
+  - "*.yaml"
+
+release:
+  name: descheduler
+
+set:
+  kind: CronJob
+
+tests:
+  - it: creates CronJob when kind is set
+    template: templates/cronjob.yaml
+    asserts:
+      - isKind:
+          of: CronJob

charts/descheduler/tests/deployment_test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+suite: Test Descheduler Deployment
+
+templates:
+  - "*.yaml"
+
+release:
+  name: descheduler
+
+set:
+  kind: Deployment
+
+tests:
+  - it: creates Deployment when kind is set
+    template: templates/deployment.yaml
+    asserts:
+      - isKind:
+          of: Deployment
+  
+  - it: enables leader-election
+    set:
+      leaderElection:
+        enabled: true
+    template: templates/deployment.yaml
+    asserts:
+      - contains:
+          path: spec.template.spec.containers[0].args
+          content: --leader-elect=true
+
+  - it: support leader-election resourceNamespace
+    set:
+      leaderElection:
+        enabled: true
+        resourceNamespace: test
+    template: templates/deployment.yaml
+    asserts:
+      - contains:
+          path: spec.template.spec.containers[0].args
+          content: --leader-elect-resource-namespace=test
+
+  - it: support legacy leader-election resourceNamescape
+    set:
+      leaderElection:
+        enabled: true
+        resourceNamescape: typo
+    template: templates/deployment.yaml
+    asserts:
+      - contains:
+          path: spec.template.spec.containers[0].args
+          content: --leader-elect-resource-namespace=typo

charts/descheduler/values.yaml

@@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ resources:
   requests:
     cpu: 500m
     memory: 256Mi
-  # limits:
-  #   cpu: 100m
-  #   memory: 128Mi
+  limits:
+    cpu: 500m
+    memory: 256Mi
+
+ports:
+  - containerPort: 10258
+    protocol: TCP
 
 securityContext:
   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
@@ -39,6 +43,9 @@ podSecurityContext: {}
 nameOverride: ""
 fullnameOverride: ""
 
+# -- Override the deployment namespace; defaults to .Release.Namespace
+namespaceOverride: ""
+
 # labels that'll be applied to all resources
 commonLabels: {}
 
@@ -70,7 +77,7 @@ leaderElection: {}
 #  retryPeriod: 2s
 #  resourceLock: "leases"
 #  resourceName: "descheduler"
-#  resourceNamescape: "kube-system"
+#  resourceNamespace: "kube-system"
 
 command:
 - "/bin/descheduler"
@@ -82,16 +89,12 @@ cmdOptions:
 deschedulerPolicyAPIVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha2"
 
 # deschedulerPolicy contains the policies the descheduler will execute.
-# To use policies stored in an existing configMap use:
-# NOTE: The name of the cm should comply to {{ template "descheduler.fullname" . }}
-# deschedulerPolicy: {}
 deschedulerPolicy:
   # nodeSelector: "key1=value1,key2=value2"
   # maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode: 10
   # maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace: 10
-  # ignorePvcPods: true
-  # evictLocalStoragePods: true
-  # evictDaemonSetPods: true
+  # metricsProviders:
+  # - source: KubernetesMetrics
   # tracing:
   #   collectorEndpoint: otel-collector.observability.svc.cluster.local:4317
   #   transportCert: ""
@@ -111,14 +114,13 @@ deschedulerPolicy:
           args:
             podRestartThreshold: 100
             includingInitContainers: true
-        - name: RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints
+        - name: RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity
           args:
             nodeAffinityType:
-              - requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution
+            - requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution
+        - name: RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints
         - name: RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity
         - name: RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint
-          args:
-            includeSoftConstraints: false
         - name: LowNodeUtilization
           args:
             thresholds:
@@ -133,7 +135,6 @@ deschedulerPolicy:
         balance:
           enabled:
             - RemoveDuplicates
-            - RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity
             - RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint
             - LowNodeUtilization
         deschedule:

cmd/descheduler/app/options/options.go

@@ -18,17 +18,29 @@ limitations under the License.
 package options
 
 import (
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	promapi "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	apiserver "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server"
 	apiserveroptions "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/options"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+
+	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
+	cliflag "k8s.io/component-base/cli/flag"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
 	componentbaseoptions "k8s.io/component-base/config/options"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1"
 	deschedulerscheme "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/scheme"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 )
 
@@ -40,11 +52,18 @@ const (
 type DeschedulerServer struct {
 	componentconfig.DeschedulerConfiguration
 
-	Client         clientset.Interface
-	EventClient    clientset.Interface
-	SecureServing  *apiserveroptions.SecureServingOptionsWithLoopback
-	DisableMetrics bool
-	EnableHTTP2    bool
+	Client            clientset.Interface
+	EventClient       clientset.Interface
+	MetricsClient     metricsclient.Interface
+	PrometheusClient  promapi.Client
+	SecureServing     *apiserveroptions.SecureServingOptionsWithLoopback
+	SecureServingInfo *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
+	DisableMetrics    bool
+	EnableHTTP2       bool
+	// FeatureGates enabled by the user
+	FeatureGates map[string]bool
+	// DefaultFeatureGates for internal accessing so unit tests can enable/disable specific features
+	DefaultFeatureGates featuregate.FeatureGate
 }
 
 // NewDeschedulerServer creates a new DeschedulerServer with default parameters
@@ -102,8 +121,31 @@ func (rs *DeschedulerServer) AddFlags(fs *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	fs.Float64Var(&rs.Tracing.SampleRate, "otel-sample-rate", 1.0, "Sample rate to collect the Traces")
 	fs.BoolVar(&rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError, "otel-fallback-no-op-on-error", false, "Fallback to NoOp Tracer in case of error")
 	fs.BoolVar(&rs.EnableHTTP2, "enable-http2", false, "If http/2 should be enabled for the metrics and health check")
+	fs.Var(cliflag.NewMapStringBool(&rs.FeatureGates), "feature-gates", "A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features. "+
+		"Options are:\n"+strings.Join(features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate.KnownFeatures(), "\n"))
 
 	componentbaseoptions.BindLeaderElectionFlags(&rs.LeaderElection, fs)
 
 	rs.SecureServing.AddFlags(fs)
 }
+
+func (rs *DeschedulerServer) Apply() error {
+	err := features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate.SetFromMap(rs.FeatureGates)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate
+
+	// loopbackClientConfig is a config for a privileged loopback connection
+	var loopbackClientConfig *restclient.Config
+	var secureServing *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
+	if err := rs.SecureServing.ApplyTo(&secureServing, &loopbackClientConfig); err != nil {
+		klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply secure server configuration")
+		return err
+	}
+
+	secureServing.DisableHTTP2 = !rs.EnableHTTP2
+	rs.SecureServingInfo = secureServing
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/descheduler/app/server.go

@@ -23,19 +23,16 @@ import (
 	"os/signal"
 	"syscall"
 
-	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/healthz"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
-	apiserver "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/healthz"
 	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/mux"
-	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/component-base/logs"
 	logsapi "k8s.io/component-base/logs/api/v1"
@@ -67,40 +64,16 @@ func NewDeschedulerCommand(out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
 			return nil
 		},
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			// loopbackClientConfig is a config for a privileged loopback connection
-			var loopbackClientConfig *restclient.Config
-			var secureServing *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
-			if err := s.SecureServing.ApplyTo(&secureServing, &loopbackClientConfig); err != nil {
-				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply secure server configuration")
+			if err = s.Apply(); err != nil {
+				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply")
 				return err
 			}
 
-			secureServing.DisableHTTP2 = !s.EnableHTTP2
-
-			ctx, done := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-
-			pathRecorderMux := mux.NewPathRecorderMux("descheduler")
-			if !s.DisableMetrics {
-				pathRecorderMux.Handle("/metrics", legacyregistry.HandlerWithReset())
-			}
-
-			healthz.InstallHandler(pathRecorderMux, healthz.NamedCheck("Descheduler", healthz.PingHealthz.Check))
-
-			stoppedCh, _, err := secureServing.Serve(pathRecorderMux, 0, ctx.Done())
-			if err != nil {
-				klog.Fatalf("failed to start secure server: %v", err)
+			if err = Run(cmd.Context(), s); err != nil {
+				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to run descheduler server")
 				return err
 			}
 
-			if err = Run(ctx, s); err != nil {
-				klog.ErrorS(err, "descheduler server")
-				return err
-			}
-
-			done()
-			// wait for metrics server to close
-			<-stoppedCh
-
 			return nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -114,14 +87,39 @@ func NewDeschedulerCommand(out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func Run(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
-	err := tracing.NewTracerProvider(ctx, rs.Tracing.CollectorEndpoint, rs.Tracing.TransportCert, rs.Tracing.ServiceName, rs.Tracing.ServiceNamespace, rs.Tracing.SampleRate, rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError)
+func Run(rootCtx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
+	ctx, done := signal.NotifyContext(rootCtx, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+
+	pathRecorderMux := mux.NewPathRecorderMux("descheduler")
+	if !rs.DisableMetrics {
+		pathRecorderMux.Handle("/metrics", legacyregistry.HandlerWithReset())
+	}
+
+	healthz.InstallHandler(pathRecorderMux, healthz.NamedCheck("Descheduler", healthz.PingHealthz.Check))
+
+	stoppedCh, _, err := rs.SecureServingInfo.Serve(pathRecorderMux, 0, ctx.Done())
 	if err != nil {
+		klog.Fatalf("failed to start secure server: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
+
+	err = tracing.NewTracerProvider(ctx, rs.Tracing.CollectorEndpoint, rs.Tracing.TransportCert, rs.Tracing.ServiceName, rs.Tracing.ServiceNamespace, rs.Tracing.SampleRate, rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError)
+	if err != nil {
+		klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to create tracer provider")
+	}
 	defer tracing.Shutdown(ctx)
+
 	// increase the fake watch channel so the dry-run mode can be run
 	// over a cluster with thousands of pods
 	watch.DefaultChanSize = 100000
-	return descheduler.Run(ctx, rs)
+	err = descheduler.Run(ctx, rs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	done()
+	// wait for metrics server to close
+	<-stoppedCh
+
+	return nil
 }

docs/cli/descheduler.md

@@ -19,16 +19,21 @@ descheduler [flags]
       --client-connection-kubeconfig string      File path to kube configuration for interacting with kubernetes apiserver.
       --client-connection-qps float32            QPS to use for interacting with kubernetes apiserver.
       --descheduling-interval duration           Time interval between two consecutive descheduler executions. Setting this value instructs the descheduler to run in a continuous loop at the interval specified.
+      --disable-http2-serving                    If true, HTTP2 serving will be disabled [default=false]
       --disable-metrics                          Disables metrics. The metrics are by default served through https://localhost:10258/metrics. Secure address, resp. port can be changed through --bind-address, resp. --secure-port flags.
       --dry-run                                  Execute descheduler in dry run mode.
       --enable-http2                             If http/2 should be enabled for the metrics and health check
+      --feature-gates mapStringBool              A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features. Options are:
+                                                 AllAlpha=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)
+                                                 AllBeta=true|false (BETA - default=false)
+                                                 EvictionsInBackground=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)
   -h, --help                                     help for descheduler
       --http2-max-streams-per-connection int     The limit that the server gives to clients for the maximum number of streams in an HTTP/2 connection. Zero means to use golang's default.
       --kubeconfig string                        File with kube configuration. Deprecated, use client-connection-kubeconfig instead.
       --leader-elect                             Start a leader election client and gain leadership before executing the main loop. Enable this when running replicated components for high availability.
       --leader-elect-lease-duration duration     The duration that non-leader candidates will wait after observing a leadership renewal until attempting to acquire leadership of a led but unrenewed leader slot. This is effectively the maximum duration that a leader can be stopped before it is replaced by another candidate. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 2m17s)
       --leader-elect-renew-deadline duration     The interval between attempts by the acting master to renew a leadership slot before it stops leading. This must be less than the lease duration. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 1m47s)
-      --leader-elect-resource-lock string        The type of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. Supported options are 'leases', 'endpointsleases' and 'configmapsleases'. (default "leases")
+      --leader-elect-resource-lock string        The type of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. Supported options are 'leases'. (default "leases")
       --leader-elect-resource-name string        The name of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. (default "descheduler")
       --leader-elect-resource-namespace string   The namespace of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. (default "kube-system")
       --leader-elect-retry-period duration       The duration the clients should wait between attempting acquisition and renewal of a leadership. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 26s)

docs/contributor-guide.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ## Required Tools
 
 - [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
-- [Go 1.16+](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.23+](https://golang.org/dl/)
 - [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/install/)
 - [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl)
 - [kind v0.10.0+](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/)

docs/deprecated/v1alpha1.md

@@ -1,786 +0,0 @@
-[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler)](https://goreportcard.com/report/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler)
-![Release Charts](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/workflows/Release%20Charts/badge.svg)
-
-<p align="center">
-    <img src="assets/logo/descheduler-stacked-color.png" width="40%" align="center" alt="descheduler">
-</p>
-
-# Descheduler for Kubernetes
-
-Scheduling in Kubernetes is the process of binding pending pods to nodes, and is performed by
-a component of Kubernetes called kube-scheduler. The scheduler's decisions, whether or where a
-pod can or can not be scheduled, are guided by its configurable policy which comprises of set of
-rules, called predicates and priorities. The scheduler's decisions are influenced by its view of
-a Kubernetes cluster at that point of time when a new pod appears for scheduling.
-As Kubernetes clusters are very dynamic and their state changes over time, there may be desire
-to move already running pods to some other nodes for various reasons:
-
-* Some nodes are under or over utilized.
-* The original scheduling decision does not hold true any more, as taints or labels are added to
-or removed from nodes, pod/node affinity requirements are not satisfied any more.
-* Some nodes failed and their pods moved to other nodes.
-* New nodes are added to clusters.
-
-Consequently, there might be several pods scheduled on less desired nodes in a cluster.
-Descheduler, based on its policy, finds pods that can be moved and evicts them. Please
-note, in current implementation, descheduler does not schedule replacement of evicted pods
-but relies on the default scheduler for that.
-
-Table of Contents
-=================
-<!-- toc -->
-- [Quick Start](#quick-start)
-  - [Run As A Job](#run-as-a-job)
-  - [Run As A CronJob](#run-as-a-cronjob)
-  - [Run As A Deployment](#run-as-a-deployment)
-  - [Install Using Helm](#install-using-helm)
-  - [Install Using Kustomize](#install-using-kustomize)
-- [User Guide](#user-guide)
-- [Policy and Strategies](#policy-and-strategies)
-  - [RemoveDuplicates](#removeduplicates)
-  - [LowNodeUtilization](#lownodeutilization)
-  - [HighNodeUtilization](#highnodeutilization)
-  - [RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity](#removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity)
-  - [RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity](#removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity)
-  - [RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints](#removepodsviolatingnodetaints)
-  - [RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint](#removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint)
-  - [RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts](#removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts)
-  - [PodLifeTime](#podlifetime)
-  - [RemoveFailedPods](#removefailedpods)
-- [Filter Pods](#filter-pods)
-  - [Namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering)
-  - [Priority filtering](#priority-filtering)
-  - [Label filtering](#label-filtering)
-  - [Node Fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering)
-- [Pod Evictions](#pod-evictions)
-  - [Pod Disruption Budget (PDB)](#pod-disruption-budget-pdb)
-- [High Availability](#high-availability)
-  - [Configure HA Mode](#configure-ha-mode)
-- [Metrics](#metrics)
-- [Compatibility Matrix](#compatibility-matrix)
-- [Getting Involved and Contributing](#getting-involved-and-contributing)
-  - [Communicating With Contributors](#communicating-with-contributors)
-- [Roadmap](#roadmap)
-  - [Code of conduct](#code-of-conduct)
-<!-- /toc -->
-
-## Quick Start
-
-The descheduler can be run as a `Job`, `CronJob`, or `Deployment` inside of a k8s cluster. It has the
-advantage of being able to be run multiple times without needing user intervention.
-The descheduler pod is run as a critical pod in the `kube-system` namespace to avoid
-being evicted by itself or by the kubelet.
-
-### Run As A Job
-
-```
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/base/configmap.yaml
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/job/job.yaml
-```
-
-### Run As A CronJob
-
-```
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/base/configmap.yaml
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/cronjob/cronjob.yaml
-```
-
-### Run As A Deployment
-
-```
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/base/configmap.yaml
-kubectl create -f kubernetes/deployment/deployment.yaml
-```
-
-### Install Using Helm
-
-Starting with release v0.18.0 there is an official helm chart that can be used to install the
-descheduler. See the [helm chart README](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/master/charts/descheduler/README.md) for detailed instructions.
-
-The descheduler helm chart is also listed on the [artifact hub](https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/descheduler/descheduler).
-
-### Install Using Kustomize
-
-You can use kustomize to install descheduler.
-See the [resources | Kustomize](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/kustomize/cmd/build/) for detailed instructions.
-
-Run As A Job
-```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/job?ref=v0.30.0' | kubectl apply -f -
-```
-
-Run As A CronJob
-```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/cronjob?ref=v0.30.0' | kubectl apply -f -
-```
-
-Run As A Deployment
-```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/deployment?ref=v0.30.0' | kubectl apply -f -
-```
-
-## User Guide
-
-See the [user guide](docs/user-guide.md) in the `/docs` directory.
-
-## Policy and Strategies
-
-Descheduler's policy is configurable and includes strategies that can be enabled or disabled. By default, all strategies are enabled.
-
-The policy includes a common configuration that applies to all the strategies:
-| Name | Default Value | Description |
-|------|---------------|-------------|
-| `nodeSelector` | `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed |
-| `evictLocalStoragePods` | `false` | allows eviction of pods with local storage |
-| `evictDaemonSetPods` | `false` | allows eviction of pods associated to DaemonSet resources |
-| `evictSystemCriticalPods` | `false` | [Warning: Will evict Kubernetes system pods] allows eviction of pods with any priority, including system pods like kube-dns |
-| `ignorePvcPods` | `false` | set whether PVC pods should be evicted or ignored |
-| `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode` | `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each node (summed through all strategies) |
-| `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace` | `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each namespace (summed through all strategies) |
-| `evictFailedBarePods` | `false` | allow eviction of pods without owner references and in failed phase |
-
-As part of the policy, the parameters associated with each strategy can be configured.
-See each strategy for details on available parameters.
-
-**Policy:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-nodeSelector: prod=dev
-evictFailedBarePods: false
-evictLocalStoragePods: true
-evictDaemonSetPods: true
-evictSystemCriticalPods: true
-maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode: 40
-ignorePvcPods: false
-strategies:
-  ...
-```
-
-The following diagram provides a visualization of most of the strategies to help
-categorize how strategies fit together.
-
-![Strategies diagram](strategies_diagram.png)
-
-### RemoveDuplicates
-
-This strategy makes sure that there is only one pod associated with a ReplicaSet (RS),
-ReplicationController (RC), StatefulSet, or Job running on the same node. If there are more,
-those duplicate pods are evicted for better spreading of pods in a cluster. This issue could happen
-if some nodes went down due to whatever reasons, and pods on them were moved to other nodes leading to
-more than one pod associated with a RS or RC, for example, running on the same node. Once the failed nodes
-are ready again, this strategy could be enabled to evict those duplicate pods.
-
-It provides one optional parameter, `excludeOwnerKinds`, which is a list of OwnerRef `Kind`s. If a pod
-has any of these `Kind`s listed as an `OwnerRef`, that pod will not be considered for eviction. Note that
-pods created by Deployments are considered for eviction by this strategy. The `excludeOwnerKinds` parameter
-should include `ReplicaSet` to have pods created by Deployments excluded.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`excludeOwnerKinds`|list(string)|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "RemoveDuplicates":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-       removeDuplicates:
-         excludeOwnerKinds:
-         - "ReplicaSet"
-```
-
-### LowNodeUtilization
-
-This strategy finds nodes that are under utilized and evicts pods, if possible, from other nodes
-in the hope that recreation of evicted pods will be scheduled on these underutilized nodes. The
-parameters of this strategy are configured under `nodeResourceUtilizationThresholds`.
-
-The under utilization of nodes is determined by a configurable threshold `thresholds`. The threshold
-`thresholds` can be configured for cpu, memory, number of pods, and extended resources in terms of percentage (the percentage is
-calculated as the current resources requested on the node vs [total allocatable](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/#capacity).
-For pods, this means the number of pods on the node as a fraction of the pod capacity set for that node).
-
-If a node's usage is below threshold for all (cpu, memory, number of pods and extended resources), the node is considered underutilized.
-Currently, pods request resource requirements are considered for computing node resource utilization.
-
-There is another configurable threshold, `targetThresholds`, that is used to compute those potential nodes
-from where pods could be evicted. If a node's usage is above targetThreshold for any (cpu, memory, number of pods, or extended resources),
-the node is considered over utilized. Any node between the thresholds, `thresholds` and `targetThresholds` is
-considered appropriately utilized and is not considered for eviction. The threshold, `targetThresholds`,
-can be configured for cpu, memory, and number of pods too in terms of percentage.
-
-These thresholds, `thresholds` and `targetThresholds`, could be tuned as per your cluster requirements. Note that this
-strategy evicts pods from `overutilized nodes` (those with usage above `targetThresholds`) to `underutilized nodes`
-(those with usage below `thresholds`), it will abort if any number of `underutilized nodes` or `overutilized nodes` is zero.
-
-Additionally, the strategy accepts a `useDeviationThresholds` parameter.
-If that parameter is set to `true`, the thresholds are considered as percentage deviations from mean resource usage.
-`thresholds` will be deducted from the mean among all nodes and `targetThresholds` will be added to the mean.
-A resource consumption above (resp. below) this window is considered as overutilization (resp. underutilization).
-
-**NOTE:** Node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
-This approach is chosen in order to maintain consistency with the kube-scheduler, which follows the same
-design for scheduling pods onto nodes. This means that resource usage as reported by Kubelet (or commands
-like `kubectl top`) may differ from the calculated consumption, due to these components reporting
-actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO for the project.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`thresholds`|map(string:int)|
-|`targetThresholds`|map(string:int)|
-|`numberOfNodes`|int|
-|`useDeviationThresholds`|bool|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-|`Namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "LowNodeUtilization":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-       nodeResourceUtilizationThresholds:
-         thresholds:
-           "cpu" : 20
-           "memory": 20
-           "pods": 20
-         targetThresholds:
-           "cpu" : 50
-           "memory": 50
-           "pods": 50
-```
-
-Policy should pass the following validation checks:
-* Three basic native types of resources are supported: `cpu`, `memory` and `pods`.
-If any of these resource types is not specified, all its thresholds default to 100% to avoid nodes going from underutilized to overutilized.
-* Extended resources are supported. For example, resource type `nvidia.com/gpu` is specified for GPU node utilization. Extended resources are optional,
-and will not be used to compute node's usage if it's not specified in `thresholds` and `targetThresholds` explicitly.
-* `thresholds` or `targetThresholds` can not be nil and they must configure exactly the same types of resources.
-* The valid range of the resource's percentage value is \[0, 100\]
-* Percentage value of `thresholds` can not be greater than `targetThresholds` for the same resource.
-
-There is another parameter associated with the `LowNodeUtilization` strategy, called `numberOfNodes`.
-This parameter can be configured to activate the strategy only when the number of under utilized nodes
-are above the configured value. This could be helpful in large clusters where a few nodes could go
-under utilized frequently or for a short period of time. By default, `numberOfNodes` is set to zero.
-
-### HighNodeUtilization
-
-This strategy finds nodes that are under utilized and evicts pods from the nodes in the hope that these pods will be
-scheduled compactly into fewer nodes.  Used in conjunction with node auto-scaling, this strategy is intended to help
-trigger down scaling of under utilized nodes.
-This strategy **must** be used with the scheduler scoring strategy `MostAllocated`. The parameters of this strategy are
-configured under `nodeResourceUtilizationThresholds`.
-
-The under utilization of nodes is determined by a configurable threshold `thresholds`. The threshold
-`thresholds` can be configured for cpu, memory, number of pods, and extended resources in terms of percentage. The percentage is
-calculated as the current resources requested on the node vs [total allocatable](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/#capacity).
-For pods, this means the number of pods on the node as a fraction of the pod capacity set for that node.
-
-If a node's usage is below threshold for all (cpu, memory, number of pods and extended resources), the node is considered underutilized.
-Currently, pods request resource requirements are considered for computing node resource utilization.
-Any node above `thresholds` is considered appropriately utilized and is not considered for eviction.
-
-The `thresholds` param could be tuned as per your cluster requirements. Note that this
-strategy evicts pods from `underutilized nodes` (those with usage below `thresholds`)
-so that they can be recreated in appropriately utilized nodes.
-The strategy will abort if any number of `underutilized nodes` or `appropriately utilized nodes` is zero.
-
-**NOTE:** Node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
-This approach is chosen in order to maintain consistency with the kube-scheduler, which follows the same
-design for scheduling pods onto nodes. This means that resource usage as reported by Kubelet (or commands
-like `kubectl top`) may differ from the calculated consumption, due to these components reporting
-actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO for the project.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`thresholds`|map(string:int)|
-|`numberOfNodes`|int|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-|`Namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "HighNodeUtilization":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-       nodeResourceUtilizationThresholds:
-         thresholds:
-           "cpu" : 20
-           "memory": 20
-           "pods": 20
-```
-
-Policy should pass the following validation checks:
-* Three basic native types of resources are supported: `cpu`, `memory` and `pods`. If any of these resource types is not specified, all its thresholds default to 100%.
-* Extended resources are supported. For example, resource type `nvidia.com/gpu` is specified for GPU node utilization. Extended resources are optional, and will not be used to compute node's usage if it's not specified in `thresholds` explicitly.
-* `thresholds` can not be nil.
-* The valid range of the resource's percentage value is \[0, 100\]
-
-There is another parameter associated with the `HighNodeUtilization` strategy, called `numberOfNodes`.
-This parameter can be configured to activate the strategy only when the number of under utilized nodes
-is above the configured value. This could be helpful in large clusters where a few nodes could go
-under utilized frequently or for a short period of time. By default, `numberOfNodes` is set to zero.
-
-### RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity
-
-This strategy makes sure that pods violating interpod anti-affinity are removed from nodes. For example,
-if there is podA on a node and podB and podC (running on the same node) have anti-affinity rules which prohibit
-them to run on the same node, then podA will be evicted from the node so that podB and podC could run. This
-issue could happen, when the anti-affinity rules for podB and podC are created when they are already running on
-node.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity":
-     enabled: true
-```
-
-### RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity
-
-This strategy makes sure all pods violating
-[node affinity](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/#node-affinity)
-are eventually removed from nodes. Node affinity rules allow a pod to specify
-`requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution` type, which tells the scheduler
-to respect node affinity when scheduling the pod but kubelet to ignore
-in case node changes over time and no longer respects the affinity.
-When enabled, the strategy serves as a temporary implementation
-of `requiredDuringSchedulingRequiredDuringExecution` and evicts pod for kubelet
-that no longer respects node affinity.
-
-For example, there is podA scheduled on nodeA which satisfies the node
-affinity rule `requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution` at the time
-of scheduling. Over time nodeA stops to satisfy the rule. When the strategy gets
-executed and there is another node available that satisfies the node affinity rule,
-podA gets evicted from nodeA.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`nodeAffinityType`|list(string)|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity":
-    enabled: true
-    params:
-      nodeAffinityType:
-      - "requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution"
-```
-
-### RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints
-
-This strategy makes sure that pods violating NoSchedule taints on nodes are removed. For example there is a
-pod "podA" with a toleration to tolerate a taint ``key=value:NoSchedule`` scheduled and running on the tainted
-node. If the node's taint is subsequently updated/removed, taint is no longer satisfied by its pods' tolerations
-and will be evicted.
-
-Node taints can be excluded from consideration by specifying a list of excludedTaints. If a node taint key **or**
-key=value matches an excludedTaints entry, the taint will be ignored.
-
-For example, excludedTaints entry "dedicated" would match all taints with key "dedicated", regardless of value.
-excludedTaints entry "dedicated=special-user" would match taints with key "dedicated" and value "special-user".
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`excludedTaints`|list(string)|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-````yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints":
-    enabled: true
-    params:
-      excludedTaints:
-      - dedicated=special-user # exclude taints with key "dedicated" and value "special-user"
-      - reserved # exclude all taints with key "reserved"
-````
-
-### RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint
-
-This strategy makes sure that pods violating [topology spread constraints](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-topology-spread-constraints/)
-are evicted from nodes. Specifically, it tries to evict the minimum number of pods required to balance topology domains to within each constraint's `maxSkew`.
-This strategy requires k8s version 1.18 at a minimum.
-
-By default, this strategy only deals with hard constraints, setting parameter `includeSoftConstraints` to `true` will
-include soft constraints.
-
-Strategy parameter `labelSelector` is not utilized when balancing topology domains and is only applied during eviction to determine if the pod can be evicted.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`includeSoftConstraints`|bool|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-       includeSoftConstraints: false
-```
-
-
-### RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts
-
-This strategy makes sure that pods having too many restarts are removed from nodes. For example a pod with EBS/PD that
-can't get the volume/disk attached to the instance, then the pod should be re-scheduled to other nodes. Its parameters
-include `podRestartThreshold`, which is the number of restarts (summed over all eligible containers) at which a pod
-should be evicted, and `includingInitContainers`, which determines whether init container restarts should be factored
-into that calculation.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`podRestartThreshold`|int|
-|`includingInitContainers`|bool|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-       podsHavingTooManyRestarts:
-         podRestartThreshold: 100
-         includingInitContainers: true
-```
-
-### PodLifeTime
-
-This strategy evicts pods that are older than `maxPodLifeTimeSeconds`.
-
-You can also specify `states` parameter to **only** evict pods matching the following conditions:
-  - [Pod Phase](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#pod-phase) status of: `Running`, `Pending`
-  - [Container State Waiting](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#container-state-waiting) condition of: `PodInitializing`, `ContainerCreating`
-
-If a value for `states` or `podStatusPhases` is not specified,
-Pods in any state (even `Running`) are considered for eviction.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|Notes|
-|---|---|---|
-|`maxPodLifeTimeSeconds`|int||
-|`podStatusPhases`|list(string)|Deprecated in v0.25+ Use `states` instead|
-|`states`|list(string)|Only supported in v0.25+|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))||
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))||
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))||
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))||
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "PodLifeTime":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-       podLifeTime:
-         maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 86400
-         states:
-         - "Pending"
-         - "PodInitializing"
-```
-
-### RemoveFailedPods
-
-This strategy evicts pods that are in failed status phase.
-You can provide an optional parameter to filter by failed `reasons`.
-`reasons` can be expanded to include reasons of InitContainers as well by setting the optional parameter `includingInitContainers` to `true`.
-You can specify an optional parameter `minPodLifetimeSeconds` to evict pods that are older than specified seconds.
-Lastly, you can specify the optional parameter `excludeOwnerKinds` and if a pod
-has any of these `Kind`s listed as an `OwnerRef`, that pod will not be considered for eviction.
-
-**Parameters:**
-
-|Name|Type|
-|---|---|
-|`minPodLifetimeSeconds`|uint|
-|`excludeOwnerKinds`|list(string)|
-|`reasons`|list(string)|
-|`includingInitContainers`|bool|
-|`thresholdPriority`|int (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`thresholdPriorityClassName`|string (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
-|`namespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`labelSelector`|(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
-|`nodeFit`|bool (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
-
-**Example:**
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "RemoveFailedPods":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-       failedPods:
-         reasons:
-         - "NodeAffinity"
-         includingInitContainers: true
-         excludeOwnerKinds:
-         - "Job"
-         minPodLifetimeSeconds: 3600
-```
-
-## Filter Pods
-
-### Namespace filtering
-
-The following strategies accept a `namespaces` parameter which allows to specify a list of including, resp. excluding namespaces:
-* `PodLifeTime`
-* `RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity`
-* `RemoveDuplicates`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint`
-* `RemoveFailedPods`
-* `LowNodeUtilization` and `HighNodeUtilization` (Only filtered right before eviction)
-
-For example:
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "PodLifeTime":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-        podLifeTime:
-          maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 86400
-        namespaces:
-          include:
-          - "namespace1"
-          - "namespace2"
-```
-
-In the examples `PodLifeTime` gets executed only over `namespace1` and `namespace2`.
-The similar holds for `exclude` field:
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "PodLifeTime":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-        podLifeTime:
-          maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 86400
-        namespaces:
-          exclude:
-          - "namespace1"
-          - "namespace2"
-```
-
-The strategy gets executed over all namespaces but `namespace1` and `namespace2`.
-
-It's not allowed to compute `include` with `exclude` field.
-
-### Priority filtering
-
-All strategies are able to configure a priority threshold, only pods under the threshold can be evicted. You can
-specify this threshold by setting `thresholdPriorityClassName`(setting the threshold to the value of the given
-priority class) or `thresholdPriority`(directly setting the threshold) parameters. By default, this threshold
-is set to the value of `system-cluster-critical` priority class.
-
-Note: Setting `evictSystemCriticalPods` to true disables priority filtering entirely.
-
-E.g.
-
-Setting `thresholdPriority`
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "PodLifeTime":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-        podLifeTime:
-          maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 86400
-        thresholdPriority: 10000
-```
-
-Setting `thresholdPriorityClassName`
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "PodLifeTime":
-     enabled: true
-     params:
-        podLifeTime:
-          maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 86400
-        thresholdPriorityClassName: "priorityclass1"
-```
-
-Note that you can't configure both `thresholdPriority` and `thresholdPriorityClassName`, if the given priority class
-does not exist, descheduler won't create it and will throw an error.
-
-### Label filtering
-
-The following strategies can configure a [standard kubernetes labelSelector](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.26/#labelselector-v1-meta)
-to filter pods by their labels:
-
-* `PodLifeTime`
-* `RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint`
-* `RemoveFailedPods`
-
-This allows running strategies among pods the descheduler is interested in.
-
-For example:
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "PodLifeTime":
-    enabled: true
-    params:
-      podLifeTime:
-        maxPodLifeTimeSeconds: 86400
-      labelSelector:
-        matchLabels:
-          component: redis
-        matchExpressions:
-          - {key: tier, operator: In, values: [cache]}
-          - {key: environment, operator: NotIn, values: [dev]}
-```
-
-
-### Node Fit filtering
-
-The following strategies accept a `nodeFit` boolean parameter which can optimize descheduling:
-* `RemoveDuplicates`
-* `LowNodeUtilization`
-* `HighNodeUtilization`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints`
-* `RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint`
-* `RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts`
-* `RemoveFailedPods`
-
- If set to `true` the descheduler will consider whether or not the pods that meet eviction criteria will fit on other nodes before evicting them. If a pod cannot be rescheduled to another node, it will not be evicted. Currently the following criteria are considered when setting `nodeFit` to `true`:
-- A `nodeSelector` on the pod
-- Any `tolerations` on the pod and any `taints` on the other nodes
-- `nodeAffinity` on the pod
-- Resource `requests` made by the pod and the resources available on other nodes
-- Whether any of the other nodes are marked as `unschedulable`
-
-E.g.
-
-```yaml
-apiVersion: "descheduler/v1alpha1"
-kind: "DeschedulerPolicy"
-strategies:
-  "LowNodeUtilization":
-    enabled: true
-    params:
-      nodeFit: true
-      nodeResourceUtilizationThresholds:
-        thresholds:
-          "cpu": 20
-          "memory": 20
-          "pods": 20
-        targetThresholds:
-          "cpu": 50
-          "memory": 50
-          "pods": 50
-```
-
-Note that node fit filtering references the current pod spec, and not that of it's owner.
-Thus, if the pod is owned by a ReplicationController (and that ReplicationController was modified recently),
-the pod may be running with an outdated spec, which the descheduler will reference when determining node fit.
-This is expected behavior as the descheduler is a "best-effort" mechanism.
-
-Using Deployments instead of ReplicationControllers provides an automated rollout of pod spec changes, therefore ensuring that the descheduler has an up-to-date view of the cluster state.

docs/release-guide.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ When the above pre-release steps are complete and the release is ready to be cut
 3. Perform the [image promotion process](https://github.com/kubernetes/k8s.io/tree/main/k8s.gcr.io#image-promoter). [Example](https://github.com/kubernetes/k8s.io/pull/3344)
 4. Cut release branch from `master`, eg `release-1.24`
 5. Publish release using Github's release process from the git tag you created
-6. Email `kubernetes-sig-scheduling@googlegroups.com` to announce the release
+6. Email `sig-scheduling@kubernetes.io` to announce the release
 
 **Patch release**
 1. Pick relevant code change commits to the matching release branch, eg `release-1.24`
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ When the above pre-release steps are complete and the release is ready to be cut
 3. Merge Helm chart version update to release branch
 4. Perform the image promotion process for the patch version
 5. Publish release using Github's release process from the git tag you created
-6. Email `kubernetes-sig-scheduling@googlegroups.com` to announce the release
+6. Email `sig-scheduling@kubernetes.io` to announce the release
 
 ### Flowchart
 

docs/user-guide.md

@@ -4,25 +4,12 @@ Starting with descheduler release v0.10.0 container images are available in the
 
 Descheduler Version | Container Image                                 | Architectures           |
 ------------------- |-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|
+v0.33.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.33.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
+v0.32.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
+v0.31.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.31.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
+v0.30.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.30.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.29.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.29.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.28.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.28.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.28.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.28.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.27.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.27.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.27.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.27.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.26.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.26.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.26.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.26.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.25.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.25.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.25.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.25.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.24.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.24.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.24.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.24.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.23.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.23.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.22.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.22.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.21.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.21.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.20.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.20.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64          |
-v0.19.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.19.0 | AMD64                   |
-v0.18.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.18.0 | AMD64                   |
-v0.10.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.10.0 | AMD64                   |
 
 Note that multi-arch container images cannot be pulled by [kind](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io) from a registry. Therefore
 starting with descheduler release v0.20.0 use the below process to download the official descheduler

go.mod

@@ -1,116 +1,133 @@
 module sigs.k8s.io/descheduler
 
-go 1.22.3
+go 1.24.2
 
 require (
 	github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.1
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.24.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.24.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.24.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.62.0
-	k8s.io/api v0.30.0
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.30.0
-	k8s.io/apiserver v0.30.0
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.30.0
-	k8s.io/code-generator v0.30.0
-	k8s.io/component-base v0.30.0
-	k8s.io/component-helpers v0.30.0
-	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.120.1
-	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20240310230437-4693a0247e57
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.33.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.33.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.33.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.33.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.33.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.68.1
+	k8s.io/api v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/apiserver v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/code-generator v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/component-base v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/component-helpers v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1
+	k8s.io/metrics v0.33.0
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20250321185631-1f6e0b77f77e
+	kubevirt.io/api v1.3.0
+	kubevirt.io/client-go v1.3.0
+	kubevirt.io/containerized-data-importer-api v1.60.1 // indirect; drops dependency on o/api
 	sigs.k8s.io/mdtoc v1.1.0
+	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
 )
 
+require golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240719175910-8a7402abbf56
+
 require (
+	cel.dev/expr v0.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/antlr/antlr4/runtime/Go/antlr/v4 v4.0.0-20230305170008-8188dc5388df // indirect
+	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20190424111038-f61b66f89f4a // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
-	github.com/evanphx/json-patch v4.12.0+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/zapr v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.6 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.22.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
+	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20210514010506-3b9f47219fe7 // indirect
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.17.8 // indirect
-	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.8 // indirect
+	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.23.2 // indirect
+	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.9 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.4-0.20250319132907-e064f32e3674 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.19.0 // indirect
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.24.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.7.7 // indirect
-	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/mmarkdown/mmark v2.0.40+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack v0.0.0-20190716064945-2f068394615f // indirect
+	github.com/openshift/custom-resource-status v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.16.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.44.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.10 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.10 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.10 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.42.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.21 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.21 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.21 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.58.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.58.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.4.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20220722155223-a9213eeb770e // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.16.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.3.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.18.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.8 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240123012728-ef4313101c80 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240123012728-ef4313101c80 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240123012728-ef4313101c80 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.9.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.26.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20241209162323-e6fa225c2576 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.5 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	k8s.io/gengo/v2 v2.0.0-20240228010128-51d4e06bde70 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kms v0.30.0 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20240228011516-70dd3763d340 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.29.0 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.3.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver v0.30.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/gengo/v2 v2.0.0-20250207200755-1244d31929d7 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kms v0.33.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.30.0 // indirect
+	kubevirt.io/controller-lifecycle-operator-sdk/api v0.0.0-20220329064328-f3cc58c6ed90 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.31.2 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241010143419-9aa6b5e7a4b3 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/randfill v1.0.0 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.6.0 // indirect
 )
 
-replace go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc => go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.47.0
+replace k8s.io/kube-openapi => k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20240430033511-f0e62f92d13f

go.sum

@@ -1,118 +1,195 @@
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hack/lib/go.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# go::verify_version verifies the go version is supported by the project.
+# descheduler actively supports 3 versions, therefore 3 go versions are supported.
+go::verify_version() {
+  GO_VERSION=($(go version))
+
+  if [[ -z $(echo "${GO_VERSION[2]}" | grep -E 'go1.22|go1.23|go1.24') ]]; then
+    echo "Unknown go version '${GO_VERSION[2]}', skipping gofmt."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}

hack/update-generated-defaulters.sh

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ go build -o "${OS_OUTPUT_BINPATH}/defaulter-gen" "k8s.io/code-generator/cmd/defa
 
 ${OS_OUTPUT_BINPATH}/defaulter-gen \
                 --go-header-file "hack/boilerplate/boilerplate.go.txt" \
-                --extra-peer-dirs "${PRJ_PREFIX}/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1,${PRJ_PREFIX}/pkg/api/v1alpha1" \
+                --extra-peer-dirs "${PRJ_PREFIX}/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1,${PRJ_PREFIX}/pkg/api/v1alpha2" \
                 --output-file zz_generated.defaults.go \
                 $(find_dirs_containing_comment_tags "+k8s:defaulter-gen=")

hack/update-gofmt.sh

@@ -20,13 +20,9 @@ set -o nounset
 set -o pipefail
 
 DESCHEDULER_ROOT=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}")/..
+source "${DESCHEDULER_ROOT}/hack/lib/go.sh"
 
-GO_VERSION=($(go version))
-
-if [[ -z $(echo "${GO_VERSION[2]}" | grep -E 'go1.18|go1.19|go1.20|go1.21|go1.22') ]]; then
-  echo "Unknown go version '${GO_VERSION[2]}', skipping gofmt."
-  exit 1
-fi
+go::verify_version
 
 cd "${DESCHEDULER_ROOT}"
 

hack/verify-gofmt.sh

@@ -20,13 +20,9 @@ set -o nounset
 set -o pipefail
 
 DESCHEDULER_ROOT=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}")/..
+source "${DESCHEDULER_ROOT}/hack/lib/go.sh"
 
-GO_VERSION=($(go version))
-
-if [[ -z $(echo "${GO_VERSION[2]}" | grep -E 'go1.18|go1.19|go1.20|go1.21|go1.22') ]]; then
-  echo "Unknown go version '${GO_VERSION[2]}', skipping gofmt."
-  exit 1
-fi
+go::verify_version
 
 cd "${DESCHEDULER_ROOT}"
 

hack/verify-vendor.sh

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pushd "${DESCHEDULER_ROOT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
     ret=1
   fi
 
-  if ! _out="$(diff -Naupr -x "BUILD" -x "AUTHORS*" -x "CONTRIBUTORS*" vendor "${_deschedulertmp}/vendor")"; then
+  if ! _out="$(diff -Naupr -x "BUILD" -x "AUTHORS*" -x "CONTRIBUTORS*" -x "README*" vendor "${_deschedulertmp}/vendor")"; then
     echo "Your vendored results are different:" >&2
     echo "${_out}" >&2
     echo "Vendor Verify failed." >&2

keps/1397-evictions-in-background/kep.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+title: descheduler integration with evacuation API as an alternative to eviction API
+kep-number: 1397
+authors:
+  - "@ingvagabund"
+owning-sig: sig-scheduling
+participating-sigs:
+  - sig-apps
+status: provisional
+creation-date: 2024-04-14
+reviewers:
+  - atiratree
+approvers:
+  - TBD
+feature-gates:
+  - TBD
+stage: alpha

kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml

@@ -22,13 +22,28 @@ rules:
 - apiGroups: ["scheduling.k8s.io"]
   resources: ["priorityclasses"]
   verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
+- apiGroups: ["policy"]
+  resources: ["poddisruptionbudgets"]
+  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
   resources: ["leases"]
-  verbs: ["create"]
+  verbs: ["create", "update"]
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
   resources: ["leases"]
   resourceNames: ["descheduler"]
   verbs: ["get", "patch", "delete"]
+- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
+  resources: ["nodes", "pods"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list"]
+---
+kind: Role
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: descheduler-role
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["secrets"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
@@ -48,3 +63,16 @@ subjects:
   - name: descheduler-sa
     kind: ServiceAccount
     namespace: kube-system
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: descheduler-role-binding
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: descheduler-role
+subjects:
+  - name: descheduler-sa
+    kind: ServiceAccount
+    namespace: kube-system

kubernetes/cronjob/cronjob.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ spec:
           priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
           containers:
           - name: descheduler
-            image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.0
+            image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.33.0
             volumeMounts:
             - mountPath: /policy-dir
               name: policy-volume

kubernetes/deployment/deployment.yaml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ spec:
       serviceAccountName: descheduler-sa
       containers:
         - name: descheduler
-          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.0
+          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.33.0
           imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
           command:
             - "/bin/descheduler"

kubernetes/job/job.yaml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ spec:
       priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
       containers:
         - name: descheduler
-          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.0
+          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.33.0
           volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /policy-dir
             name: policy-volume

pkg/api/types.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 )
@@ -38,13 +39,39 @@ type DeschedulerPolicy struct {
 
 	// MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace restricts maximum of pods to be evicted per namespace.
 	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint
+
+	// MaxNoOfPodsToTotal restricts maximum of pods to be evicted total.
+	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal *uint
+
+	// EvictionFailureEventNotification should be set to true to enable eviction failure event notification.
+	// Default is false.
+	EvictionFailureEventNotification *bool
+
+	// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
+	// Deprecated. Use MetricsProviders field instead.
+	MetricsCollector *MetricsCollector
+
+	// MetricsProviders configure collection of metrics about actual resource utilization from various sources
+	MetricsProviders []MetricsProvider
+
+	// GracePeriodSeconds The duration in seconds before the object should be deleted. Value must be non-negative integer.
+	// The value zero indicates delete immediately. If this value is nil, the default grace period for the
+	// specified type will be used.
+	// Defaults to a per object value if not specified. zero means delete immediately.
+	GracePeriodSeconds *int64
 }
 
 // Namespaces carries a list of included/excluded namespaces
 // for which a given strategy is applicable
 type Namespaces struct {
-	Include []string `json:"include"`
-	Exclude []string `json:"exclude"`
+	Include []string `json:"include,omitempty"`
+	Exclude []string `json:"exclude,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// EvictionLimits limits the number of evictions per domain. E.g. node, namespace, total.
+type EvictionLimits struct {
+	// node restricts the maximum number of evictions per node
+	Node *uint `json:"node,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type (
@@ -81,3 +108,55 @@ type PluginSet struct {
 	Enabled  []string
 	Disabled []string
 }
+
+type MetricsSource string
+
+const (
+	// KubernetesMetrics enables metrics from a Kubernetes metrics server.
+	// Please see https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/ for more.
+	KubernetesMetrics MetricsSource = "KubernetesMetrics"
+
+	// KubernetesMetrics enables metrics from a Prometheus metrics server.
+	PrometheusMetrics MetricsSource = "Prometheus"
+)
+
+// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
+type MetricsCollector struct {
+	// Enabled metrics collection from Kubernetes metrics.
+	// Deprecated. Use MetricsProvider.Source field instead.
+	Enabled bool
+}
+
+// MetricsProvider configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization from a given source
+type MetricsProvider struct {
+	// Source enables metrics from Kubernetes metrics server.
+	Source MetricsSource
+
+	// Prometheus enables metrics collection through Prometheus
+	Prometheus *Prometheus
+}
+
+// ReferencedResourceList is an adaption of v1.ResourceList with resources as references
+type ReferencedResourceList = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+
+type Prometheus struct {
+	URL string
+	// authToken used for authentication with the prometheus server.
+	// If not set the in cluster authentication token for the descheduler service
+	// account is read from the container's file system.
+	AuthToken *AuthToken
+}
+
+type AuthToken struct {
+	// secretReference references an authentication token.
+	// secrets are expected to be created under the descheduler's namespace.
+	SecretReference *SecretReference
+}
+
+// SecretReference holds a reference to a Secret
+type SecretReference struct {
+	// namespace is the namespace of the secret.
+	Namespace string
+	// name is the name of the secret.
+	Name string
+}

pkg/api/v1alpha1/conversion.go

@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright 2023 The Kubernetes Authors.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-package v1alpha1
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/conversion"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/serializer"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
-	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
-)
-
-var (
-	// pluginArgConversionScheme is a scheme with internal and v1alpha2 registered,
-	// used for defaulting/converting typed PluginConfig Args.
-	// Access via getPluginArgConversionScheme()
-
-	Scheme = runtime.NewScheme()
-	Codecs = serializer.NewCodecFactory(Scheme, serializer.EnableStrict)
-)
-
-// evictorImpl implements the Evictor interface so plugins
-// can evict a pod without importing a specific pod evictor
-type evictorImpl struct {
-	podEvictor    *evictions.PodEvictor
-	evictorFilter frameworktypes.EvictorPlugin
-}
-
-var _ frameworktypes.Evictor = &evictorImpl{}
-
-// Filter checks if a pod can be evicted
-func (ei *evictorImpl) Filter(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
-	return ei.evictorFilter.Filter(pod)
-}
-
-// PreEvictionFilter checks if pod can be evicted right before eviction
-func (ei *evictorImpl) PreEvictionFilter(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
-	return ei.evictorFilter.PreEvictionFilter(pod)
-}
-
-// Evict evicts a pod (no pre-check performed)
-func (ei *evictorImpl) Evict(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts evictions.EvictOptions) bool {
-	return ei.podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, pod, opts)
-}
-
-func (ei *evictorImpl) NodeLimitExceeded(node *v1.Node) bool {
-	return ei.podEvictor.NodeLimitExceeded(node)
-}
-
-// handleImpl implements the framework handle which gets passed to plugins
-type handleImpl struct {
-	clientSet                 clientset.Interface
-	getPodsAssignedToNodeFunc podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
-	sharedInformerFactory     informers.SharedInformerFactory
-	evictor                   *evictorImpl
-}
-
-var _ frameworktypes.Handle = &handleImpl{}
-
-// ClientSet retrieves kube client set
-func (hi *handleImpl) ClientSet() clientset.Interface {
-	return hi.clientSet
-}
-
-// GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc retrieves GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc implementation
-func (hi *handleImpl) GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc() podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc {
-	return hi.getPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
-}
-
-// SharedInformerFactory retrieves shared informer factory
-func (hi *handleImpl) SharedInformerFactory() informers.SharedInformerFactory {
-	return hi.sharedInformerFactory
-}
-
-// Evictor retrieves evictor so plugins can filter and evict pods
-func (hi *handleImpl) Evictor() frameworktypes.Evictor {
-	return hi.evictor
-}
-
-func Convert_v1alpha1_DeschedulerPolicy_To_api_DeschedulerPolicy(in *DeschedulerPolicy, out *api.DeschedulerPolicy, s conversion.Scope) error {
-	klog.V(1).Info("Warning: v1alpha1 API is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use v1alpha2 API instead.")
-
-	err := V1alpha1ToInternal(in, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry, out, s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func V1alpha1ToInternal(
-	deschedulerPolicy *DeschedulerPolicy,
-	registry pluginregistry.Registry,
-	out *api.DeschedulerPolicy,
-	s conversion.Scope,
-) error {
-	var evictLocalStoragePods bool
-	if deschedulerPolicy.EvictLocalStoragePods != nil {
-		evictLocalStoragePods = *deschedulerPolicy.EvictLocalStoragePods
-	}
-
-	evictBarePods := false
-	if deschedulerPolicy.EvictFailedBarePods != nil {
-		evictBarePods = *deschedulerPolicy.EvictFailedBarePods
-		if evictBarePods {
-			klog.V(1).Info("Warning: EvictFailedBarePods is set to True. This could cause eviction of pods without ownerReferences.")
-		}
-	}
-
-	evictSystemCriticalPods := false
-	if deschedulerPolicy.EvictSystemCriticalPods != nil {
-		evictSystemCriticalPods = *deschedulerPolicy.EvictSystemCriticalPods
-		if evictSystemCriticalPods {
-			klog.V(1).Info("Warning: EvictSystemCriticalPods is set to True. This could cause eviction of Kubernetes system pods.")
-		}
-	}
-
-	evictDaemonSetPods := false
-	if deschedulerPolicy.EvictDaemonSetPods != nil {
-		evictDaemonSetPods = *deschedulerPolicy.EvictDaemonSetPods
-		if evictDaemonSetPods {
-			klog.V(1).Info("Warning: EvictDaemonSetPods is set to True. This could cause eviction of Kubernetes DaemonSet pods.")
-		}
-	}
-
-	ignorePvcPods := false
-	if deschedulerPolicy.IgnorePVCPods != nil {
-		ignorePvcPods = *deschedulerPolicy.IgnorePVCPods
-	}
-
-	var profiles []api.DeschedulerProfile
-
-	// Build profiles
-	for name, strategy := range deschedulerPolicy.Strategies {
-		if _, ok := pluginregistry.PluginRegistry[string(name)]; ok {
-			if strategy.Enabled {
-				params := strategy.Params
-				if params == nil {
-					params = &StrategyParameters{}
-				}
-
-				nodeFit := false
-				if name != "PodLifeTime" {
-					nodeFit = params.NodeFit
-				}
-
-				if params.ThresholdPriority != nil && params.ThresholdPriorityClassName != "" {
-					klog.ErrorS(fmt.Errorf("priority threshold misconfigured"), "only one of priorityThreshold fields can be set", "pluginName", name)
-					return fmt.Errorf("priority threshold misconfigured for plugin %v", name)
-				}
-
-				var priorityThreshold *api.PriorityThreshold
-				if strategy.Params != nil {
-					priorityThreshold = &api.PriorityThreshold{
-						Value: strategy.Params.ThresholdPriority,
-						Name:  strategy.Params.ThresholdPriorityClassName,
-					}
-				}
-
-				var pluginConfig *api.PluginConfig
-				var err error
-				if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[string(name)]; exists {
-					pluginConfig, err = pcFnc(params)
-					if err != nil {
-						klog.ErrorS(err, "skipping strategy", "strategy", name)
-						return fmt.Errorf("failed to get plugin config for strategy %v: %v", name, err)
-					}
-				} else {
-					klog.ErrorS(fmt.Errorf("unknown strategy name"), "skipping strategy", "strategy", name)
-					return fmt.Errorf("unknown strategy name: %v", name)
-				}
-
-				profile := api.DeschedulerProfile{
-					Name: fmt.Sprintf("strategy-%v-profile", name),
-					PluginConfigs: []api.PluginConfig{
-						{
-							Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
-							Args: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
-								EvictLocalStoragePods:   evictLocalStoragePods,
-								EvictDaemonSetPods:      evictDaemonSetPods,
-								EvictSystemCriticalPods: evictSystemCriticalPods,
-								IgnorePvcPods:           ignorePvcPods,
-								EvictFailedBarePods:     evictBarePods,
-								NodeFit:                 nodeFit,
-								PriorityThreshold:       priorityThreshold,
-							},
-						},
-						*pluginConfig,
-					},
-					Plugins: api.Plugins{
-						Filter: api.PluginSet{
-							Enabled: []string{defaultevictor.PluginName},
-						},
-						PreEvictionFilter: api.PluginSet{
-							Enabled: []string{defaultevictor.PluginName},
-						},
-					},
-				}
-
-				pluginArgs := registry[string(name)].PluginArgInstance
-				pluginInstance, err := registry[string(name)].PluginBuilder(pluginArgs, &handleImpl{})
-				if err != nil {
-					klog.ErrorS(fmt.Errorf("could not build plugin"), "plugin build error", "plugin", name)
-					return fmt.Errorf("could not build plugin: %v", name)
-				}
-
-				// pluginInstance can be of any of each type, or both
-				profilePlugins := profile.Plugins
-				profile.Plugins = enableProfilePluginsByType(profilePlugins, pluginInstance, pluginConfig)
-				profiles = append(profiles, profile)
-			}
-		} else {
-			klog.ErrorS(fmt.Errorf("unknown strategy name"), "skipping strategy", "strategy", name)
-			return fmt.Errorf("unknown strategy name: %v", name)
-		}
-	}
-
-	out.Profiles = profiles
-	out.NodeSelector = deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector
-	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace
-	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func enableProfilePluginsByType(profilePlugins api.Plugins, pluginInstance frameworktypes.Plugin, pluginConfig *api.PluginConfig) api.Plugins {
-	profilePlugins = checkBalance(profilePlugins, pluginInstance, pluginConfig)
-	profilePlugins = checkDeschedule(profilePlugins, pluginInstance, pluginConfig)
-	return profilePlugins
-}
-
-func checkBalance(profilePlugins api.Plugins, pluginInstance frameworktypes.Plugin, pluginConfig *api.PluginConfig) api.Plugins {
-	_, ok := pluginInstance.(frameworktypes.BalancePlugin)
-	if ok {
-		klog.V(3).Infof("converting Balance plugin: %s", pluginInstance.Name())
-		profilePlugins.Balance.Enabled = []string{pluginConfig.Name}
-	}
-	return profilePlugins
-}
-
-func checkDeschedule(profilePlugins api.Plugins, pluginInstance frameworktypes.Plugin, pluginConfig *api.PluginConfig) api.Plugins {
-	_, ok := pluginInstance.(frameworktypes.DeschedulePlugin)
-	if ok {
-		klog.V(3).Infof("converting Deschedule plugin: %s", pluginInstance.Name())
-		profilePlugins.Deschedule.Enabled = []string{pluginConfig.Name}
-	}
-	return profilePlugins
-}
-
-// Register Conversions
-func RegisterConversions(s *runtime.Scheme) error {
-	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*DeschedulerPolicy)(nil), (*api.DeschedulerPolicy)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
-		return Convert_v1alpha1_DeschedulerPolicy_To_api_DeschedulerPolicy(a.(*DeschedulerPolicy), b.(*api.DeschedulerPolicy), scope)
-	}); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}

pkg/api/v1alpha1/strategymigration.go

@@ -1,256 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright 2023 The Kubernetes Authors.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-package v1alpha1
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-	utilpointer "k8s.io/utils/pointer"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint"
-)
-
-// Once all strategies are migrated the arguments get read from the configuration file
-// without any wiring. Keeping the wiring here so the descheduler can still use
-// the v1alpha1 configuration during the strategy migration to plugins.
-
-var StrategyParamsToPluginArgs = map[string]func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error){
-	"RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		args := &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs{
-			Namespaces:              v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			LabelSelector:           params.LabelSelector,
-			IncludePreferNoSchedule: params.IncludePreferNoSchedule,
-			ExcludedTaints:          params.ExcludedTaints,
-		}
-		if err := removepodsviolatingnodetaints.ValidateRemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", removepodsviolatingnodetaints.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", removepodsviolatingnodetaints.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: removepodsviolatingnodetaints.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"RemoveFailedPods": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		failedPodsParams := params.FailedPods
-		if failedPodsParams == nil {
-			failedPodsParams = &FailedPods{}
-		}
-		args := &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
-			Namespaces:              v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			LabelSelector:           params.LabelSelector,
-			IncludingInitContainers: failedPodsParams.IncludingInitContainers,
-			MinPodLifetimeSeconds:   failedPodsParams.MinPodLifetimeSeconds,
-			ExcludeOwnerKinds:       failedPodsParams.ExcludeOwnerKinds,
-			Reasons:                 failedPodsParams.Reasons,
-		}
-		if err := removefailedpods.ValidateRemoveFailedPodsArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", removefailedpods.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", removefailedpods.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: removefailedpods.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		args := &removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity.RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinityArgs{
-			Namespaces:       v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			LabelSelector:    params.LabelSelector,
-			NodeAffinityType: params.NodeAffinityType,
-		}
-		if err := removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity.ValidateRemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinityArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		args := &removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity.RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinityArgs{
-			Namespaces:    v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			LabelSelector: params.LabelSelector,
-		}
-		if err := removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity.ValidateRemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinityArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		tooManyRestartsParams := params.PodsHavingTooManyRestarts
-		if tooManyRestartsParams == nil {
-			tooManyRestartsParams = &PodsHavingTooManyRestarts{}
-		}
-		args := &removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts.RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestartsArgs{
-			Namespaces:              v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			LabelSelector:           params.LabelSelector,
-			PodRestartThreshold:     tooManyRestartsParams.PodRestartThreshold,
-			IncludingInitContainers: tooManyRestartsParams.IncludingInitContainers,
-		}
-		if err := removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts.ValidateRemovePodsHavingTooManyRestartsArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"PodLifeTime": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		podLifeTimeParams := params.PodLifeTime
-		if podLifeTimeParams == nil {
-			podLifeTimeParams = &PodLifeTime{}
-		}
-
-		var states []string
-		if podLifeTimeParams.PodStatusPhases != nil {
-			states = append(states, podLifeTimeParams.PodStatusPhases...)
-		}
-		if podLifeTimeParams.States != nil {
-			states = append(states, podLifeTimeParams.States...)
-		}
-
-		args := &podlifetime.PodLifeTimeArgs{
-			Namespaces:            v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			LabelSelector:         params.LabelSelector,
-			MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: podLifeTimeParams.MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds,
-			States:                states,
-		}
-		if err := podlifetime.ValidatePodLifeTimeArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", podlifetime.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", podlifetime.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: podlifetime.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"RemoveDuplicates": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		args := &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{
-			Namespaces: v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-		}
-		if params.RemoveDuplicates != nil {
-			args.ExcludeOwnerKinds = params.RemoveDuplicates.ExcludeOwnerKinds
-		}
-		if err := removeduplicates.ValidateRemoveDuplicatesArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", removeduplicates.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", removeduplicates.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: removeduplicates.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		constraints := []v1.UnsatisfiableConstraintAction{v1.DoNotSchedule}
-		if params.IncludeSoftConstraints {
-			constraints = append(constraints, v1.ScheduleAnyway)
-		}
-		args := &removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraintArgs{
-			Namespaces:             v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			LabelSelector:          params.LabelSelector,
-			Constraints:            constraints,
-			TopologyBalanceNodeFit: utilpointer.Bool(true),
-		}
-		if err := removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.ValidateRemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraintArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"HighNodeUtilization": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		if params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds == nil {
-			params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds = &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{}
-		}
-		args := &nodeutilization.HighNodeUtilizationArgs{
-			EvictableNamespaces: v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			Thresholds:          v1alpha1ThresholdToInternal(params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds.Thresholds),
-			NumberOfNodes:       params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds.NumberOfNodes,
-		}
-		if err := nodeutilization.ValidateHighNodeUtilizationArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", nodeutilization.HighNodeUtilizationPluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", nodeutilization.HighNodeUtilizationPluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: nodeutilization.HighNodeUtilizationPluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-	"LowNodeUtilization": func(params *StrategyParameters) (*api.PluginConfig, error) {
-		if params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds == nil {
-			params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds = &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{}
-		}
-		args := &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
-			EvictableNamespaces:    v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(params.Namespaces),
-			Thresholds:             v1alpha1ThresholdToInternal(params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds.Thresholds),
-			TargetThresholds:       v1alpha1ThresholdToInternal(params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds.TargetThresholds),
-			UseDeviationThresholds: params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds.UseDeviationThresholds,
-			NumberOfNodes:          params.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds.NumberOfNodes,
-		}
-
-		if err := nodeutilization.ValidateLowNodeUtilizationArgs(args); err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to validate plugin arguments", "pluginName", nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("strategy %q param validation failed: %v", nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName, err)
-		}
-		return &api.PluginConfig{
-			Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
-			Args: args,
-		}, nil
-	},
-}
-
-func v1alpha1NamespacesToInternal(namespaces *Namespaces) *api.Namespaces {
-	internal := &api.Namespaces{}
-	if namespaces != nil {
-		if namespaces.Exclude != nil {
-			internal.Exclude = namespaces.Exclude
-		}
-		if namespaces.Include != nil {
-			internal.Include = namespaces.Include
-		}
-	} else {
-		internal = nil
-	}
-	return internal
-}
-
-func v1alpha1ThresholdToInternal(thresholds ResourceThresholds) api.ResourceThresholds {
-	internal := make(api.ResourceThresholds, len(thresholds))
-	for k, v := range thresholds {
-		internal[k] = api.Percentage(float64(v))
-	}
-	return internal
-}

pkg/api/v1alpha1/strategymigration_test.go

@@ -1,859 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright 2022 The Kubernetes Authors.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-package v1alpha1
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	utilpointer "k8s.io/utils/pointer"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint"
-)
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsRemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				ExcludedTaints: []string{
-					"dedicated=special-user",
-					"reserved",
-				},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removepodsviolatingnodetaints.PluginName,
-				Args: &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs{
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-					ExcludedTaints: []string{"dedicated=special-user", "reserved"},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsRemoveFailedPods(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "RemoveFailedPods"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				FailedPods: &FailedPods{
-					MinPodLifetimeSeconds:   utilpointer.Uint(3600),
-					ExcludeOwnerKinds:       []string{"Job"},
-					Reasons:                 []string{"NodeAffinity"},
-					IncludingInitContainers: true,
-				},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removefailedpods.PluginName,
-				Args: &removefailedpods.RemoveFailedPodsArgs{
-					ExcludeOwnerKinds:       []string{"Job"},
-					MinPodLifetimeSeconds:   utilpointer.Uint(3600),
-					Reasons:                 []string{"NodeAffinity"},
-					IncludingInitContainers: true,
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsRemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinity"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeAffinityType:  []string{"requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution"},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity.PluginName,
-				Args: &removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity.RemovePodsViolatingNodeAffinityArgs{
-					NodeAffinityType: []string{"requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution"},
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params, not setting nodeaffinity type",
-			params:      &StrategyParameters{},
-			err:         fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: nodeAffinityType needs to be set", strategyName),
-			result:      nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeAffinityType: []string{"requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution"},
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsRemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinity"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity.PluginName,
-				Args: &removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity.RemovePodsViolatingInterPodAntiAffinityArgs{
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsRemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				PodsHavingTooManyRestarts: &PodsHavingTooManyRestarts{
-					PodRestartThreshold:     100,
-					IncludingInitContainers: true,
-				},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts.PluginName,
-				Args: &removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts.RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestartsArgs{
-					PodRestartThreshold:     100,
-					IncludingInitContainers: true,
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params restart threshold",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				PodsHavingTooManyRestarts: &PodsHavingTooManyRestarts{
-					PodRestartThreshold: 0,
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: invalid PodsHavingTooManyRestarts threshold", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsPodLifeTime(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "PodLifeTime"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				PodLifeTime: &PodLifeTime{
-					MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: utilpointer.Uint(86400),
-					States: []string{
-						"Pending",
-						"PodInitializing",
-					},
-				},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: podlifetime.PluginName,
-				Args: &podlifetime.PodLifeTimeArgs{
-					MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: utilpointer.Uint(86400),
-					States: []string{
-						"Pending",
-						"PodInitializing",
-					},
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				PodLifeTime: &PodLifeTime{
-					MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: utilpointer.Uint(86400),
-				},
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds not set",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				PodLifeTime: &PodLifeTime{},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds not set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsRemoveDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "RemoveDuplicates"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				RemoveDuplicates: &RemoveDuplicates{
-					ExcludeOwnerKinds: []string{"ReplicaSet"},
-				},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removeduplicates.PluginName,
-				Args: &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{
-					ExcludeOwnerKinds: []string{"ReplicaSet"},
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				PodLifeTime: &PodLifeTime{
-					MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: utilpointer.Uint(86400),
-				},
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsRemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraint"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				IncludeSoftConstraints: true,
-				ThresholdPriority:      utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName,
-				Args: &removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraintArgs{
-					Constraints:            []v1.UnsatisfiableConstraintAction{v1.DoNotSchedule, v1.ScheduleAnyway},
-					TopologyBalanceNodeFit: utilpointer.Bool(true),
-					Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "params without soft constraints",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				IncludeSoftConstraints: false,
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.PluginName,
-				Args: &removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint.RemovePodsViolatingTopologySpreadConstraintArgs{
-					Constraints:            []v1.UnsatisfiableConstraintAction{v1.DoNotSchedule},
-					TopologyBalanceNodeFit: utilpointer.Bool(true),
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only one of Include/Exclude namespaces can be set", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "HighNodeUtilization"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-					Thresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    Percentage(20),
-						"memory": Percentage(20),
-						"pods":   Percentage(20),
-					},
-				},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: nodeutilization.HighNodeUtilizationPluginName,
-				Args: &nodeutilization.HighNodeUtilizationArgs{
-					Thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    api.Percentage(20),
-						"memory": api.Percentage(20),
-						"pods":   api.Percentage(20),
-					},
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-					EvictableNamespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-					Thresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    Percentage(20),
-						"memory": Percentage(20),
-						"pods":   Percentage(20),
-					},
-				},
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only Exclude namespaces can be set, inclusion is not supported", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params nil ResourceThresholds",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: no resource threshold is configured", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params out of bounds threshold",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-					Thresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu": Percentage(150),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: cpu threshold not in [0, 100] range", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestStrategyParamsToPluginArgsLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
-	strategyName := "LowNodeUtilization"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description string
-		params      *StrategyParameters
-		err         error
-		result      *api.PluginConfig
-	}
-	testCases := []testCase{
-		{
-			description: "wire in all valid parameters",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-					Thresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    Percentage(20),
-						"memory": Percentage(20),
-						"pods":   Percentage(20),
-					},
-					TargetThresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    Percentage(50),
-						"memory": Percentage(50),
-						"pods":   Percentage(50),
-					},
-					UseDeviationThresholds: true,
-				},
-				ThresholdPriority: utilpointer.Int32(100),
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-				},
-			},
-			err: nil,
-			result: &api.PluginConfig{
-				Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
-				Args: &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
-					Thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    api.Percentage(20),
-						"memory": api.Percentage(20),
-						"pods":   api.Percentage(20),
-					},
-					TargetThresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    api.Percentage(50),
-						"memory": api.Percentage(50),
-						"pods":   api.Percentage(50),
-					},
-					UseDeviationThresholds: true,
-					NumberOfNodes:          3,
-					EvictableNamespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-						Exclude: []string{"test1"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params namespaces",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-					Thresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    Percentage(20),
-						"memory": Percentage(20),
-						"pods":   Percentage(20),
-					},
-					TargetThresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu":    Percentage(50),
-						"memory": Percentage(50),
-						"pods":   Percentage(50),
-					},
-					UseDeviationThresholds: true,
-				},
-				Namespaces: &Namespaces{
-					Include: []string{"test2"},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: only Exclude namespaces can be set, inclusion is not supported", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params nil ResourceThresholds",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: thresholds config is not valid: no resource threshold is configured", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description: "invalid params out of bounds threshold",
-			params: &StrategyParameters{
-				NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds: &NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds{
-					NumberOfNodes: 3,
-					Thresholds: ResourceThresholds{
-						"cpu": Percentage(150),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			err:    fmt.Errorf("strategy \"%s\" param validation failed: thresholds config is not valid: cpu threshold not in [0, 100] range", strategyName),
-			result: nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var result *api.PluginConfig
-			var err error
-			if pcFnc, exists := StrategyParamsToPluginArgs[strategyName]; exists {
-				result, err = pcFnc(tc.params)
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if err.Error() != tc.err.Error() {
-					t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err.Error())
-				}
-			}
-			if err == nil {
-				// sort to easily compare deepequality
-				diff := cmp.Diff(tc.result, result)
-				if diff != "" {
-					t.Errorf("test '%s' failed. Results are not deep equal. mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", tc.description, diff)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

pkg/api/v1alpha1/types.go

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-package v1alpha1
-
-import (
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-)
-
-// +k8s:deepcopy-gen:interfaces=k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.Object
-
-type DeschedulerPolicy struct {
-	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
-
-	// Strategies
-	Strategies StrategyList `json:"strategies,omitempty"`
-
-	// NodeSelector for a set of nodes to operate over
-	NodeSelector *string `json:"nodeSelector,omitempty"`
-
-	// EvictFailedBarePods allows pods without ownerReferences and in failed phase to be evicted.
-	EvictFailedBarePods *bool `json:"evictFailedBarePods,omitempty"`
-
-	// EvictLocalStoragePods allows pods using local storage to be evicted.
-	EvictLocalStoragePods *bool `json:"evictLocalStoragePods,omitempty"`
-
-	// EvictSystemCriticalPods allows eviction of pods of any priority (including Kubernetes system pods)
-	EvictSystemCriticalPods *bool `json:"evictSystemCriticalPods,omitempty"`
-
-	// EvictDaemonSetPods allows pods owned by a DaemonSet resource to be evicted.
-	EvictDaemonSetPods *bool `json:"evictDaemonSetPods,omitempty"`
-
-	// IgnorePVCPods prevents pods with PVCs from being evicted.
-	IgnorePVCPods *bool `json:"ignorePvcPods,omitempty"`
-
-	// MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode restricts maximum of pods to be evicted per node.
-	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode *uint `json:"maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode,omitempty"`
-
-	// MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace restricts maximum of pods to be evicted per namespace.
-	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint `json:"maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type (
-	StrategyName string
-	StrategyList map[StrategyName]DeschedulerStrategy
-)
-
-type DeschedulerStrategy struct {
-	// Enabled or disabled
-	Enabled bool `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
-
-	// Weight
-	Weight int `json:"weight,omitempty"`
-
-	// Strategy parameters
-	Params *StrategyParameters `json:"params,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// Namespaces carries a list of included/excluded namespaces
-// for which a given strategy is applicable.
-type Namespaces struct {
-	Include []string `json:"include"`
-	Exclude []string `json:"exclude"`
-}
-
-// Besides Namespaces ThresholdPriority and ThresholdPriorityClassName only one of its members may be specified
-type StrategyParameters struct {
-	NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds *NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds `json:"nodeResourceUtilizationThresholds,omitempty"`
-	NodeAffinityType                  []string                           `json:"nodeAffinityType,omitempty"`
-	PodsHavingTooManyRestarts         *PodsHavingTooManyRestarts         `json:"podsHavingTooManyRestarts,omitempty"`
-	PodLifeTime                       *PodLifeTime                       `json:"podLifeTime,omitempty"`
-	RemoveDuplicates                  *RemoveDuplicates                  `json:"removeDuplicates,omitempty"`
-	FailedPods                        *FailedPods                        `json:"failedPods,omitempty"`
-	IncludeSoftConstraints            bool                               `json:"includeSoftConstraints"`
-	Namespaces                        *Namespaces                        `json:"namespaces"`
-	ThresholdPriority                 *int32                             `json:"thresholdPriority"`
-	ThresholdPriorityClassName        string                             `json:"thresholdPriorityClassName"`
-	LabelSelector                     *metav1.LabelSelector              `json:"labelSelector"`
-	NodeFit                           bool                               `json:"nodeFit"`
-	IncludePreferNoSchedule           bool                               `json:"includePreferNoSchedule"`
-	ExcludedTaints                    []string                           `json:"excludedTaints,omitempty"`
-	IncludedTaints                    []string                           `json:"includedTaints,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type (
-	Percentage         float64
-	ResourceThresholds map[v1.ResourceName]Percentage
-)
-
-type NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds struct {
-	UseDeviationThresholds bool               `json:"useDeviationThresholds,omitempty"`
-	Thresholds             ResourceThresholds `json:"thresholds,omitempty"`
-	TargetThresholds       ResourceThresholds `json:"targetThresholds,omitempty"`
-	NumberOfNodes          int                `json:"numberOfNodes,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type PodsHavingTooManyRestarts struct {
-	PodRestartThreshold     int32 `json:"podRestartThreshold,omitempty"`
-	IncludingInitContainers bool  `json:"includingInitContainers,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type RemoveDuplicates struct {
-	ExcludeOwnerKinds []string `json:"excludeOwnerKinds,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type PodLifeTime struct {
-	MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds *uint    `json:"maxPodLifeTimeSeconds,omitempty"`
-	States                []string `json:"states,omitempty"`
-
-	// Deprecated: Use States instead.
-	PodStatusPhases []string `json:"podStatusPhases,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type FailedPods struct {
-	ExcludeOwnerKinds       []string `json:"excludeOwnerKinds,omitempty"`
-	MinPodLifetimeSeconds   *uint    `json:"minPodLifetimeSeconds,omitempty"`
-	Reasons                 []string `json:"reasons,omitempty"`
-	IncludingInitContainers bool     `json:"includingInitContainers,omitempty"`
-}

pkg/api/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -1,390 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !ignore_autogenerated
-// +build !ignore_autogenerated
-
-/*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-// Code generated by deepcopy-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package v1alpha1
-
-import (
-	v1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	runtime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-)
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
-	*out = *in
-	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
-	if in.Strategies != nil {
-		in, out := &in.Strategies, &out.Strategies
-		*out = make(StrategyList, len(*in))
-		for key, val := range *in {
-			(*out)[key] = *val.DeepCopy()
-		}
-	}
-	if in.NodeSelector != nil {
-		in, out := &in.NodeSelector, &out.NodeSelector
-		*out = new(string)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.EvictFailedBarePods != nil {
-		in, out := &in.EvictFailedBarePods, &out.EvictFailedBarePods
-		*out = new(bool)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.EvictLocalStoragePods != nil {
-		in, out := &in.EvictLocalStoragePods, &out.EvictLocalStoragePods
-		*out = new(bool)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.EvictSystemCriticalPods != nil {
-		in, out := &in.EvictSystemCriticalPods, &out.EvictSystemCriticalPods
-		*out = new(bool)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.EvictDaemonSetPods != nil {
-		in, out := &in.EvictDaemonSetPods, &out.EvictDaemonSetPods
-		*out = new(bool)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.IgnorePVCPods != nil {
-		in, out := &in.IgnorePVCPods, &out.IgnorePVCPods
-		*out = new(bool)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode != nil {
-		in, out := &in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode, &out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode
-		*out = new(uint)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace != nil {
-		in, out := &in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace, &out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace
-		*out = new(uint)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new DeschedulerPolicy.
-func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerPolicy {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(DeschedulerPolicy)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
-func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
-	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
-		return c
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *DeschedulerStrategy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerStrategy) {
-	*out = *in
-	if in.Params != nil {
-		in, out := &in.Params, &out.Params
-		*out = new(StrategyParameters)
-		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new DeschedulerStrategy.
-func (in *DeschedulerStrategy) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerStrategy {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(DeschedulerStrategy)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *FailedPods) DeepCopyInto(out *FailedPods) {
-	*out = *in
-	if in.ExcludeOwnerKinds != nil {
-		in, out := &in.ExcludeOwnerKinds, &out.ExcludeOwnerKinds
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	if in.MinPodLifetimeSeconds != nil {
-		in, out := &in.MinPodLifetimeSeconds, &out.MinPodLifetimeSeconds
-		*out = new(uint)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.Reasons != nil {
-		in, out := &in.Reasons, &out.Reasons
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new FailedPods.
-func (in *FailedPods) DeepCopy() *FailedPods {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(FailedPods)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *Namespaces) DeepCopyInto(out *Namespaces) {
-	*out = *in
-	if in.Include != nil {
-		in, out := &in.Include, &out.Include
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	if in.Exclude != nil {
-		in, out := &in.Exclude, &out.Exclude
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new Namespaces.
-func (in *Namespaces) DeepCopy() *Namespaces {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(Namespaces)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds) DeepCopyInto(out *NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds) {
-	*out = *in
-	if in.Thresholds != nil {
-		in, out := &in.Thresholds, &out.Thresholds
-		*out = make(ResourceThresholds, len(*in))
-		for key, val := range *in {
-			(*out)[key] = val
-		}
-	}
-	if in.TargetThresholds != nil {
-		in, out := &in.TargetThresholds, &out.TargetThresholds
-		*out = make(ResourceThresholds, len(*in))
-		for key, val := range *in {
-			(*out)[key] = val
-		}
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds.
-func (in *NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds) DeepCopy() *NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *PodLifeTime) DeepCopyInto(out *PodLifeTime) {
-	*out = *in
-	if in.MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds != nil {
-		in, out := &in.MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds, &out.MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds
-		*out = new(uint)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.States != nil {
-		in, out := &in.States, &out.States
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	if in.PodStatusPhases != nil {
-		in, out := &in.PodStatusPhases, &out.PodStatusPhases
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PodLifeTime.
-func (in *PodLifeTime) DeepCopy() *PodLifeTime {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(PodLifeTime)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *PodsHavingTooManyRestarts) DeepCopyInto(out *PodsHavingTooManyRestarts) {
-	*out = *in
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new PodsHavingTooManyRestarts.
-func (in *PodsHavingTooManyRestarts) DeepCopy() *PodsHavingTooManyRestarts {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(PodsHavingTooManyRestarts)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *RemoveDuplicates) DeepCopyInto(out *RemoveDuplicates) {
-	*out = *in
-	if in.ExcludeOwnerKinds != nil {
-		in, out := &in.ExcludeOwnerKinds, &out.ExcludeOwnerKinds
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new RemoveDuplicates.
-func (in *RemoveDuplicates) DeepCopy() *RemoveDuplicates {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(RemoveDuplicates)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in ResourceThresholds) DeepCopyInto(out *ResourceThresholds) {
-	{
-		in := &in
-		*out = make(ResourceThresholds, len(*in))
-		for key, val := range *in {
-			(*out)[key] = val
-		}
-		return
-	}
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new ResourceThresholds.
-func (in ResourceThresholds) DeepCopy() ResourceThresholds {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(ResourceThresholds)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return *out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in StrategyList) DeepCopyInto(out *StrategyList) {
-	{
-		in := &in
-		*out = make(StrategyList, len(*in))
-		for key, val := range *in {
-			(*out)[key] = *val.DeepCopy()
-		}
-		return
-	}
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new StrategyList.
-func (in StrategyList) DeepCopy() StrategyList {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(StrategyList)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return *out
-}
-
-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *StrategyParameters) DeepCopyInto(out *StrategyParameters) {
-	*out = *in
-	if in.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds != nil {
-		in, out := &in.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds, &out.NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds
-		*out = new(NodeResourceUtilizationThresholds)
-		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
-	}
-	if in.NodeAffinityType != nil {
-		in, out := &in.NodeAffinityType, &out.NodeAffinityType
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	if in.PodsHavingTooManyRestarts != nil {
-		in, out := &in.PodsHavingTooManyRestarts, &out.PodsHavingTooManyRestarts
-		*out = new(PodsHavingTooManyRestarts)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.PodLifeTime != nil {
-		in, out := &in.PodLifeTime, &out.PodLifeTime
-		*out = new(PodLifeTime)
-		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
-	}
-	if in.RemoveDuplicates != nil {
-		in, out := &in.RemoveDuplicates, &out.RemoveDuplicates
-		*out = new(RemoveDuplicates)
-		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
-	}
-	if in.FailedPods != nil {
-		in, out := &in.FailedPods, &out.FailedPods
-		*out = new(FailedPods)
-		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
-	}
-	if in.Namespaces != nil {
-		in, out := &in.Namespaces, &out.Namespaces
-		*out = new(Namespaces)
-		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
-	}
-	if in.ThresholdPriority != nil {
-		in, out := &in.ThresholdPriority, &out.ThresholdPriority
-		*out = new(int32)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	if in.LabelSelector != nil {
-		in, out := &in.LabelSelector, &out.LabelSelector
-		*out = new(v1.LabelSelector)
-		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
-	}
-	if in.ExcludedTaints != nil {
-		in, out := &in.ExcludedTaints, &out.ExcludedTaints
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	if in.IncludedTaints != nil {
-		in, out := &in.IncludedTaints, &out.IncludedTaints
-		*out = make([]string, len(*in))
-		copy(*out, *in)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new StrategyParameters.
-func (in *StrategyParameters) DeepCopy() *StrategyParameters {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(StrategyParameters)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}

pkg/api/v1alpha2/types.go

@@ -37,6 +37,26 @@ type DeschedulerPolicy struct {
 
 	// MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace restricts maximum of pods to be evicted per namespace.
 	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint `json:"maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace,omitempty"`
+
+	// MaxNoOfPodsToTotal restricts maximum of pods to be evicted total.
+	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal *uint `json:"maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal,omitempty"`
+
+	// EvictionFailureEventNotification should be set to true to enable eviction failure event notification.
+	// Default is false.
+	EvictionFailureEventNotification *bool `json:"evictionFailureEventNotification,omitempty"`
+
+	// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics for actual resource utilization
+	// Deprecated. Use MetricsProviders field instead.
+	MetricsCollector *MetricsCollector `json:"metricsCollector,omitempty"`
+
+	// MetricsProviders configure collection of metrics about actual resource utilization from various sources
+	MetricsProviders []MetricsProvider `json:"metricsProviders,omitempty"`
+
+	// GracePeriodSeconds The duration in seconds before the object should be deleted. Value must be non-negative integer.
+	// The value zero indicates delete immediately. If this value is nil, the default grace period for the
+	// specified type will be used.
+	// Defaults to a per object value if not specified. zero means delete immediately.
+	GracePeriodSeconds *int64 `json:"gracePeriodSeconds,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type DeschedulerProfile struct {
@@ -63,3 +83,52 @@ type PluginSet struct {
 	Enabled  []string `json:"enabled"`
 	Disabled []string `json:"disabled"`
 }
+
+type MetricsSource string
+
+const (
+	// KubernetesMetrics enables metrics from a Kubernetes metrics server.
+	// Please see https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/ for more.
+	KubernetesMetrics MetricsSource = "KubernetesMetrics"
+
+	// KubernetesMetrics enables metrics from a Prometheus metrics server.
+	PrometheusMetrics MetricsSource = "Prometheus"
+)
+
+// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
+type MetricsCollector struct {
+	// Enabled metrics collection from Kubernetes metrics server.
+	// Deprecated. Use MetricsProvider.Source field instead.
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// MetricsProvider configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization from a given source
+type MetricsProvider struct {
+	// Source enables metrics from Kubernetes metrics server.
+	Source MetricsSource `json:"source,omitempty"`
+
+	// Prometheus enables metrics collection through Prometheus
+	Prometheus *Prometheus `json:"prometheus,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type Prometheus struct {
+	URL string `json:"url,omitempty"`
+	// authToken used for authentication with the prometheus server.
+	// If not set the in cluster authentication token for the descheduler service
+	// account is read from the container's file system.
+	AuthToken *AuthToken `json:"authToken,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type AuthToken struct {
+	// secretReference references an authentication token.
+	// secrets are expected to be created under the descheduler's namespace.
+	SecretReference *SecretReference `json:"secretReference,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// SecretReference holds a reference to a Secret
+type SecretReference struct {
+	// namespace is the namespace of the secret.
+	Namespace string `json:"namespace,omitempty"`
+	// name is the name of the secret.
+	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`
+}

pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.conversion.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -36,6 +36,16 @@ func init() {
 // RegisterConversions adds conversion functions to the given scheme.
 // Public to allow building arbitrary schemes.
 func RegisterConversions(s *runtime.Scheme) error {
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*AuthToken)(nil), (*api.AuthToken)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_v1alpha2_AuthToken_To_api_AuthToken(a.(*AuthToken), b.(*api.AuthToken), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.AuthToken)(nil), (*AuthToken)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_api_AuthToken_To_v1alpha2_AuthToken(a.(*api.AuthToken), b.(*AuthToken), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*DeschedulerProfile)(nil), (*api.DeschedulerProfile)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
 		return Convert_v1alpha2_DeschedulerProfile_To_api_DeschedulerProfile(a.(*DeschedulerProfile), b.(*api.DeschedulerProfile), scope)
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -46,6 +56,26 @@ func RegisterConversions(s *runtime.Scheme) error {
 	}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*MetricsCollector)(nil), (*api.MetricsCollector)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(a.(*MetricsCollector), b.(*api.MetricsCollector), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.MetricsCollector)(nil), (*MetricsCollector)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(a.(*api.MetricsCollector), b.(*MetricsCollector), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*MetricsProvider)(nil), (*api.MetricsProvider)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider_To_api_MetricsProvider(a.(*MetricsProvider), b.(*api.MetricsProvider), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.MetricsProvider)(nil), (*MetricsProvider)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_api_MetricsProvider_To_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider(a.(*api.MetricsProvider), b.(*MetricsProvider), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.PluginConfig)(nil), (*PluginConfig)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
 		return Convert_api_PluginConfig_To_v1alpha2_PluginConfig(a.(*api.PluginConfig), b.(*PluginConfig), scope)
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -71,6 +101,26 @@ func RegisterConversions(s *runtime.Scheme) error {
 	}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*Prometheus)(nil), (*api.Prometheus)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_v1alpha2_Prometheus_To_api_Prometheus(a.(*Prometheus), b.(*api.Prometheus), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.Prometheus)(nil), (*Prometheus)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_api_Prometheus_To_v1alpha2_Prometheus(a.(*api.Prometheus), b.(*Prometheus), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*SecretReference)(nil), (*api.SecretReference)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_v1alpha2_SecretReference_To_api_SecretReference(a.(*SecretReference), b.(*api.SecretReference), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.SecretReference)(nil), (*SecretReference)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
+		return Convert_api_SecretReference_To_v1alpha2_SecretReference(a.(*api.SecretReference), b.(*SecretReference), scope)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := s.AddConversionFunc((*api.DeschedulerPolicy)(nil), (*DeschedulerPolicy)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
 		return Convert_api_DeschedulerPolicy_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy(a.(*api.DeschedulerPolicy), b.(*DeschedulerPolicy), scope)
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -89,6 +139,26 @@ func RegisterConversions(s *runtime.Scheme) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func autoConvert_v1alpha2_AuthToken_To_api_AuthToken(in *AuthToken, out *api.AuthToken, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.SecretReference = (*api.SecretReference)(unsafe.Pointer(in.SecretReference))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_v1alpha2_AuthToken_To_api_AuthToken is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_v1alpha2_AuthToken_To_api_AuthToken(in *AuthToken, out *api.AuthToken, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_v1alpha2_AuthToken_To_api_AuthToken(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_api_AuthToken_To_v1alpha2_AuthToken(in *api.AuthToken, out *AuthToken, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.SecretReference = (*SecretReference)(unsafe.Pointer(in.SecretReference))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_api_AuthToken_To_v1alpha2_AuthToken is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_api_AuthToken_To_v1alpha2_AuthToken(in *api.AuthToken, out *AuthToken, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_api_AuthToken_To_v1alpha2_AuthToken(in, out, s)
+}
+
 func autoConvert_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy_To_api_DeschedulerPolicy(in *DeschedulerPolicy, out *api.DeschedulerPolicy, s conversion.Scope) error {
 	if in.Profiles != nil {
 		in, out := &in.Profiles, &out.Profiles
@@ -104,6 +174,11 @@ func autoConvert_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy_To_api_DeschedulerPolicy(in *Desched
 	out.NodeSelector = (*string)(unsafe.Pointer(in.NodeSelector))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace))
+	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal))
+	out.EvictionFailureEventNotification = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(in.EvictionFailureEventNotification))
+	out.MetricsCollector = (*api.MetricsCollector)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MetricsCollector))
+	out.MetricsProviders = *(*[]api.MetricsProvider)(unsafe.Pointer(&in.MetricsProviders))
+	out.GracePeriodSeconds = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(in.GracePeriodSeconds))
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -122,6 +197,11 @@ func autoConvert_api_DeschedulerPolicy_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy(in *api.Des
 	out.NodeSelector = (*string)(unsafe.Pointer(in.NodeSelector))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace))
+	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal))
+	out.EvictionFailureEventNotification = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(in.EvictionFailureEventNotification))
+	out.MetricsCollector = (*MetricsCollector)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MetricsCollector))
+	out.MetricsProviders = *(*[]MetricsProvider)(unsafe.Pointer(&in.MetricsProviders))
+	out.GracePeriodSeconds = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(in.GracePeriodSeconds))
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -173,6 +253,48 @@ func Convert_api_DeschedulerProfile_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerProfile(in *api.Desch
 	return autoConvert_api_DeschedulerProfile_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerProfile(in, out, s)
 }
 
+func autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in *MetricsCollector, out *api.MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Enabled = in.Enabled
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in *MetricsCollector, out *api.MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in *api.MetricsCollector, out *MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Enabled = in.Enabled
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in *api.MetricsCollector, out *MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider_To_api_MetricsProvider(in *MetricsProvider, out *api.MetricsProvider, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Source = api.MetricsSource(in.Source)
+	out.Prometheus = (*api.Prometheus)(unsafe.Pointer(in.Prometheus))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider_To_api_MetricsProvider is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider_To_api_MetricsProvider(in *MetricsProvider, out *api.MetricsProvider, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider_To_api_MetricsProvider(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_api_MetricsProvider_To_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider(in *api.MetricsProvider, out *MetricsProvider, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Source = MetricsSource(in.Source)
+	out.Prometheus = (*Prometheus)(unsafe.Pointer(in.Prometheus))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_api_MetricsProvider_To_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_api_MetricsProvider_To_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider(in *api.MetricsProvider, out *MetricsProvider, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_api_MetricsProvider_To_v1alpha2_MetricsProvider(in, out, s)
+}
+
 func autoConvert_v1alpha2_PluginConfig_To_api_PluginConfig(in *PluginConfig, out *api.PluginConfig, s conversion.Scope) error {
 	out.Name = in.Name
 	if err := runtime.Convert_runtime_RawExtension_To_runtime_Object(&in.Args, &out.Args, s); err != nil {
@@ -269,3 +391,47 @@ func autoConvert_api_Plugins_To_v1alpha2_Plugins(in *api.Plugins, out *Plugins,
 func Convert_api_Plugins_To_v1alpha2_Plugins(in *api.Plugins, out *Plugins, s conversion.Scope) error {
 	return autoConvert_api_Plugins_To_v1alpha2_Plugins(in, out, s)
 }
+
+func autoConvert_v1alpha2_Prometheus_To_api_Prometheus(in *Prometheus, out *api.Prometheus, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.URL = in.URL
+	out.AuthToken = (*api.AuthToken)(unsafe.Pointer(in.AuthToken))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_v1alpha2_Prometheus_To_api_Prometheus is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_v1alpha2_Prometheus_To_api_Prometheus(in *Prometheus, out *api.Prometheus, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_v1alpha2_Prometheus_To_api_Prometheus(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_api_Prometheus_To_v1alpha2_Prometheus(in *api.Prometheus, out *Prometheus, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.URL = in.URL
+	out.AuthToken = (*AuthToken)(unsafe.Pointer(in.AuthToken))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_api_Prometheus_To_v1alpha2_Prometheus is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_api_Prometheus_To_v1alpha2_Prometheus(in *api.Prometheus, out *Prometheus, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_api_Prometheus_To_v1alpha2_Prometheus(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_v1alpha2_SecretReference_To_api_SecretReference(in *SecretReference, out *api.SecretReference, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Namespace = in.Namespace
+	out.Name = in.Name
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_v1alpha2_SecretReference_To_api_SecretReference is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_v1alpha2_SecretReference_To_api_SecretReference(in *SecretReference, out *api.SecretReference, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_v1alpha2_SecretReference_To_api_SecretReference(in, out, s)
+}
+
+func autoConvert_api_SecretReference_To_v1alpha2_SecretReference(in *api.SecretReference, out *SecretReference, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	out.Namespace = in.Namespace
+	out.Name = in.Name
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Convert_api_SecretReference_To_v1alpha2_SecretReference is an autogenerated conversion function.
+func Convert_api_SecretReference_To_v1alpha2_SecretReference(in *api.SecretReference, out *SecretReference, s conversion.Scope) error {
+	return autoConvert_api_SecretReference_To_v1alpha2_SecretReference(in, out, s)
+}

pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -25,6 +25,27 @@ import (
 	runtime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 )
 
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *AuthToken) DeepCopyInto(out *AuthToken) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.SecretReference != nil {
+		in, out := &in.SecretReference, &out.SecretReference
+		*out = new(SecretReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new AuthToken.
+func (in *AuthToken) DeepCopy() *AuthToken {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(AuthToken)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 	*out = *in
@@ -51,6 +72,33 @@ func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 		*out = new(uint)
 		**out = **in
 	}
+	if in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal != nil {
+		in, out := &in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal, &out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal
+		*out = new(uint)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.EvictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
+		in, out := &in.EvictionFailureEventNotification, &out.EvictionFailureEventNotification
+		*out = new(bool)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.MetricsCollector != nil {
+		in, out := &in.MetricsCollector, &out.MetricsCollector
+		*out = new(MetricsCollector)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.MetricsProviders != nil {
+		in, out := &in.MetricsProviders, &out.MetricsProviders
+		*out = make([]MetricsProvider, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if in.GracePeriodSeconds != nil {
+		in, out := &in.GracePeriodSeconds, &out.GracePeriodSeconds
+		*out = new(int64)
+		**out = **in
+	}
 	return
 }
 
@@ -96,6 +144,43 @@ func (in *DeschedulerProfile) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerProfile {
 	return out
 }
 
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsCollector) {
+	*out = *in
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsCollector.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopy() *MetricsCollector {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(MetricsCollector)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *MetricsProvider) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsProvider) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.Prometheus != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Prometheus, &out.Prometheus
+		*out = new(Prometheus)
+		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsProvider.
+func (in *MetricsProvider) DeepCopy() *MetricsProvider {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(MetricsProvider)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *PluginConfig) DeepCopyInto(out *PluginConfig) {
 	*out = *in
@@ -160,3 +245,40 @@ func (in *Plugins) DeepCopy() *Plugins {
 	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
 	return out
 }
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *Prometheus) DeepCopyInto(out *Prometheus) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.AuthToken != nil {
+		in, out := &in.AuthToken, &out.AuthToken
+		*out = new(AuthToken)
+		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new Prometheus.
+func (in *Prometheus) DeepCopy() *Prometheus {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(Prometheus)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *SecretReference) DeepCopyInto(out *SecretReference) {
+	*out = *in
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new SecretReference.
+func (in *SecretReference) DeepCopy() *SecretReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(SecretReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}

pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.defaults.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

pkg/api/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -25,6 +25,27 @@ import (
 	runtime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 )
 
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *AuthToken) DeepCopyInto(out *AuthToken) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.SecretReference != nil {
+		in, out := &in.SecretReference, &out.SecretReference
+		*out = new(SecretReference)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new AuthToken.
+func (in *AuthToken) DeepCopy() *AuthToken {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(AuthToken)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 	*out = *in
@@ -51,6 +72,33 @@ func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 		*out = new(uint)
 		**out = **in
 	}
+	if in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal != nil {
+		in, out := &in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal, &out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal
+		*out = new(uint)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.EvictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
+		in, out := &in.EvictionFailureEventNotification, &out.EvictionFailureEventNotification
+		*out = new(bool)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.MetricsCollector != nil {
+		in, out := &in.MetricsCollector, &out.MetricsCollector
+		*out = new(MetricsCollector)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	if in.MetricsProviders != nil {
+		in, out := &in.MetricsProviders, &out.MetricsProviders
+		*out = make([]MetricsProvider, len(*in))
+		for i := range *in {
+			(*in)[i].DeepCopyInto(&(*out)[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if in.GracePeriodSeconds != nil {
+		in, out := &in.GracePeriodSeconds, &out.GracePeriodSeconds
+		*out = new(int64)
+		**out = **in
+	}
 	return
 }
 
@@ -96,6 +144,64 @@ func (in *DeschedulerProfile) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerProfile {
 	return out
 }
 
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *EvictionLimits) DeepCopyInto(out *EvictionLimits) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.Node != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Node, &out.Node
+		*out = new(uint)
+		**out = **in
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new EvictionLimits.
+func (in *EvictionLimits) DeepCopy() *EvictionLimits {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(EvictionLimits)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsCollector) {
+	*out = *in
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsCollector.
+func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopy() *MetricsCollector {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(MetricsCollector)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *MetricsProvider) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsProvider) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.Prometheus != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Prometheus, &out.Prometheus
+		*out = new(Prometheus)
+		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsProvider.
+func (in *MetricsProvider) DeepCopy() *MetricsProvider {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(MetricsProvider)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *Namespaces) DeepCopyInto(out *Namespaces) {
 	*out = *in
@@ -210,6 +316,27 @@ func (in *PriorityThreshold) DeepCopy() *PriorityThreshold {
 	return out
 }
 
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *Prometheus) DeepCopyInto(out *Prometheus) {
+	*out = *in
+	if in.AuthToken != nil {
+		in, out := &in.AuthToken, &out.AuthToken
+		*out = new(AuthToken)
+		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new Prometheus.
+func (in *Prometheus) DeepCopy() *Prometheus {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(Prometheus)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in ResourceThresholds) DeepCopyInto(out *ResourceThresholds) {
 	{
@@ -231,3 +358,19 @@ func (in ResourceThresholds) DeepCopy() ResourceThresholds {
 	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
 	return *out
 }
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *SecretReference) DeepCopyInto(out *SecretReference) {
+	*out = *in
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new SecretReference.
+func (in *SecretReference) DeepCopy() *SecretReference {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(SecretReference)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}

pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.conversion.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.defaults.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

pkg/apis/componentconfig/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

pkg/descheduler/client/client.go

@@ -17,18 +17,31 @@ limitations under the License.
 package client
 
 import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"time"
 
-	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	promapi "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
 
 	// Ensure to load all auth plugins.
+	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	_ "k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/transport"
+	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
 )
 
-func CreateClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+var K8sPodCAFilePath = "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt"
+
+func createConfig(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (*rest.Config, error) {
 	var cfg *rest.Config
 	if len(clientConnection.Kubeconfig) != 0 {
 		master, err := GetMasterFromKubeconfig(clientConnection.Kubeconfig)
@@ -56,9 +69,28 @@ func CreateClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfigura
 		cfg = rest.AddUserAgent(cfg, userAgt)
 	}
 
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func CreateClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (clientset.Interface, error) {
+	cfg, err := createConfig(clientConnection, userAgt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create config: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	return clientset.NewForConfig(cfg)
 }
 
+func CreateMetricsClient(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (metricsclient.Interface, error) {
+	cfg, err := createConfig(clientConnection, userAgt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create the metrics clientset to access the metrics.k8s.io API
+	return metricsclient.NewForConfig(cfg)
+}
+
 func GetMasterFromKubeconfig(filename string) (string, error) {
 	config, err := clientcmd.LoadFromFile(filename)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -67,11 +99,69 @@ func GetMasterFromKubeconfig(filename string) (string, error) {
 
 	context, ok := config.Contexts[config.CurrentContext]
 	if !ok {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get master address from kubeconfig")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get master address from kubeconfig: current context not found")
 	}
 
 	if val, ok := config.Clusters[context.Cluster]; ok {
 		return val.Server, nil
 	}
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get master address from kubeconfig")
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get master address from kubeconfig: cluster information not found")
+}
+
+func loadCAFile(filepath string) (*x509.CertPool, error) {
+	caCert, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	caCertPool := x509.NewCertPool()
+	if ok := caCertPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(caCert); !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to append CA certificate to the pool")
+	}
+
+	return caCertPool, nil
+}
+
+func CreatePrometheusClient(prometheusURL, authToken string) (promapi.Client, *http.Transport, error) {
+	// Retrieve Pod CA cert
+	caCertPool, err := loadCAFile(K8sPodCAFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("Error loading CA file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Get Prometheus Host
+	u, err := url.Parse(prometheusURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("Error parsing prometheus URL: %v", err)
+	}
+	t := &http.Transport{
+		Proxy: http.ProxyFromEnvironment,
+		DialContext: (&net.Dialer{
+			Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
+			KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
+		}).DialContext,
+		MaxIdleConns:        100,
+		IdleConnTimeout:     90 * time.Second,
+		TLSHandshakeTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
+			RootCAs:    caCertPool,
+			ServerName: u.Host,
+		},
+	}
+	roundTripper := transport.NewBearerAuthRoundTripper(
+		authToken,
+		t,
+	)
+
+	if authToken != "" {
+		client, err := promapi.NewClient(promapi.Config{
+			Address:      prometheusURL,
+			RoundTripper: config.NewAuthorizationCredentialsRoundTripper("Bearer", config.NewInlineSecret(authToken), roundTripper),
+		})
+		return client, t, err
+	}
+	client, err := promapi.NewClient(promapi.Config{
+		Address: prometheusURL,
+	})
+	return client, t, err
 }

pkg/descheduler/descheduler.go

@@ -18,48 +18,62 @@ package descheduler
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
+	promapi "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api"
+
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/discovery"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
-	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	schedulingv1 "k8s.io/api/scheduling/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
 	utilversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/version"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/discovery"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
-	listersv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
-	schedulingv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/scheduling/v1"
+	corev1listers "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
-
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
-	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
-	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/version"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/util/workqueue"
+	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
+	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
 	frameworkprofile "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/profile"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/version"
+)
+
+const (
+	prometheusAuthTokenSecretKey = "prometheusAuthToken"
+	workQueueKey                 = "key"
 )
 
 type eprunner func(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status
@@ -70,42 +84,265 @@ type profileRunner struct {
 }
 
 type descheduler struct {
-	rs                         *options.DeschedulerServer
-	podLister                  listersv1.PodLister
-	nodeLister                 listersv1.NodeLister
-	namespaceLister            listersv1.NamespaceLister
-	priorityClassLister        schedulingv1.PriorityClassLister
-	getPodsAssignedToNode      podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
-	sharedInformerFactory      informers.SharedInformerFactory
-	evictionPolicyGroupVersion string
-	deschedulerPolicy          *api.DeschedulerPolicy
-	eventRecorder              events.EventRecorder
+	rs                                *options.DeschedulerServer
+	ir                                *informerResources
+	getPodsAssignedToNode             podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
+	sharedInformerFactory             informers.SharedInformerFactory
+	namespacedSecretsLister           corev1listers.SecretNamespaceLister
+	deschedulerPolicy                 *api.DeschedulerPolicy
+	eventRecorder                     events.EventRecorder
+	podEvictor                        *evictions.PodEvictor
+	podEvictionReactionFnc            func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error)
+	metricsCollector                  *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
+	prometheusClient                  promapi.Client
+	previousPrometheusClientTransport *http.Transport
+	queue                             workqueue.RateLimitingInterface
+	currentPrometheusAuthToken        string
+	metricsProviders                  map[api.MetricsSource]*api.MetricsProvider
 }
 
-func newDescheduler(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string, eventRecorder events.EventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) (*descheduler, error) {
+type informerResources struct {
+	sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory
+	resourceToInformer    map[schema.GroupVersionResource]informers.GenericInformer
+}
+
+func newInformerResources(sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) *informerResources {
+	return &informerResources{
+		sharedInformerFactory: sharedInformerFactory,
+		resourceToInformer:    make(map[schema.GroupVersionResource]informers.GenericInformer),
+	}
+}
+
+func (ir *informerResources) Uses(resources ...schema.GroupVersionResource) error {
+	for _, resource := range resources {
+		informer, err := ir.sharedInformerFactory.ForResource(resource)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		ir.resourceToInformer[resource] = informer
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CopyTo Copy informer subscriptions to the new factory and objects to the fake client so that the backing caches are populated for when listers are used.
+func (ir *informerResources) CopyTo(fakeClient *fakeclientset.Clientset, newFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) error {
+	for resource, informer := range ir.resourceToInformer {
+		_, err := newFactory.ForResource(resource)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error getting resource %s: %w", resource, err)
+		}
+
+		objects, err := informer.Lister().List(labels.Everything())
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error listing %s: %w", informer, err)
+		}
+
+		for _, object := range objects {
+			fakeClient.Tracker().Add(object)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func metricsProviderListToMap(providersList []api.MetricsProvider) map[api.MetricsSource]*api.MetricsProvider {
+	providersMap := make(map[api.MetricsSource]*api.MetricsProvider)
+	for _, provider := range providersList {
+		providersMap[provider.Source] = &provider
+	}
+	return providersMap
+}
+
+func newDescheduler(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string, eventRecorder events.EventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory, namespacedSharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) (*descheduler, error) {
 	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
-	podLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Lister()
-	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
-	namespaceLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Namespaces().Lister()
-	priorityClassLister := sharedInformerFactory.Scheduling().V1().PriorityClasses().Lister()
+
+	ir := newInformerResources(sharedInformerFactory)
+	ir.Uses(v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("pods"),
+		v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("nodes"),
+		// Future work could be to let each plugin declare what type of resources it needs; that way dry runs would stay
+		// consistent with the real runs without having to keep the list here in sync.
+		v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("namespaces"),                 // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+		schedulingv1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("priorityclasses"),  // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+		policyv1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("poddisruptionbudgets"), // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+
+	) // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
 
 	getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	return &descheduler{
-		rs:                         rs,
-		podLister:                  podLister,
-		nodeLister:                 nodeLister,
-		namespaceLister:            namespaceLister,
-		priorityClassLister:        priorityClassLister,
-		getPodsAssignedToNode:      getPodsAssignedToNode,
-		sharedInformerFactory:      sharedInformerFactory,
-		evictionPolicyGroupVersion: evictionPolicyGroupVersion,
-		deschedulerPolicy:          deschedulerPolicy,
-		eventRecorder:              eventRecorder,
-	}, nil
+	podEvictor, err := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
+		ctx,
+		rs.Client,
+		eventRecorder,
+		podInformer,
+		rs.DefaultFeatureGates,
+		evictions.NewOptions().
+			WithPolicyGroupVersion(evictionPolicyGroupVersion).
+			WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode).
+			WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNamespace(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace).
+			WithMaxPodsToEvictTotal(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal).
+			WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(deschedulerPolicy.EvictionFailureEventNotification).
+			WithGracePeriodSeconds(deschedulerPolicy.GracePeriodSeconds).
+			WithDryRun(rs.DryRun).
+			WithMetricsEnabled(!rs.DisableMetrics),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	desch := &descheduler{
+		rs:                     rs,
+		ir:                     ir,
+		getPodsAssignedToNode:  getPodsAssignedToNode,
+		sharedInformerFactory:  sharedInformerFactory,
+		deschedulerPolicy:      deschedulerPolicy,
+		eventRecorder:          eventRecorder,
+		podEvictor:             podEvictor,
+		podEvictionReactionFnc: podEvictionReactionFnc,
+		prometheusClient:       rs.PrometheusClient,
+		queue:                  workqueue.NewRateLimitingQueueWithConfig(workqueue.DefaultControllerRateLimiter(), workqueue.RateLimitingQueueConfig{Name: "descheduler"}),
+		metricsProviders:       metricsProviderListToMap(deschedulerPolicy.MetricsProviders),
+	}
+
+	if rs.MetricsClient != nil {
+		nodeSelector := labels.Everything()
+		if deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector != nil {
+			sel, err := labels.Parse(*deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			nodeSelector = sel
+		}
+		desch.metricsCollector = metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister(), rs.MetricsClient, nodeSelector)
+	}
+
+	prometheusProvider := desch.metricsProviders[api.PrometheusMetrics]
+	if prometheusProvider != nil && prometheusProvider.Prometheus != nil && prometheusProvider.Prometheus.AuthToken != nil {
+		authTokenSecret := prometheusProvider.Prometheus.AuthToken.SecretReference
+		if authTokenSecret == nil || authTokenSecret.Namespace == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("prometheus metrics source configuration is missing authentication token secret")
+		}
+		if namespacedSharedInformerFactory == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("namespacedSharedInformerFactory not configured")
+		}
+		namespacedSharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Secrets().Informer().AddEventHandler(desch.eventHandler())
+		desch.namespacedSecretsLister = namespacedSharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Secrets().Lister().Secrets(authTokenSecret.Namespace)
+	}
+
+	return desch, nil
+}
+
+func (d *descheduler) reconcileInClusterSAToken() error {
+	// Read the sa token and assume it has the sufficient permissions to authenticate
+	cfg, err := rest.InClusterConfig()
+	if err == nil {
+		if d.currentPrometheusAuthToken != cfg.BearerToken {
+			klog.V(2).Infof("Creating Prometheus client (with SA token)")
+			prometheusClient, transport, err := client.CreatePrometheusClient(d.metricsProviders[api.PrometheusMetrics].Prometheus.URL, cfg.BearerToken)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to create a prometheus client: %v", err)
+			}
+			d.prometheusClient = prometheusClient
+			if d.previousPrometheusClientTransport != nil {
+				d.previousPrometheusClientTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
+			}
+			d.previousPrometheusClientTransport = transport
+			d.currentPrometheusAuthToken = cfg.BearerToken
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err == rest.ErrNotInCluster {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("unexpected error when reading in cluster config: %v", err)
+}
+
+func (d *descheduler) runAuthenticationSecretReconciler(ctx context.Context) {
+	defer utilruntime.HandleCrash()
+	defer d.queue.ShutDown()
+
+	klog.Infof("Starting authentication secret reconciler")
+	defer klog.Infof("Shutting down authentication secret reconciler")
+
+	go wait.UntilWithContext(ctx, d.runAuthenticationSecretReconcilerWorker, time.Second)
+
+	<-ctx.Done()
+}
+
+func (d *descheduler) runAuthenticationSecretReconcilerWorker(ctx context.Context) {
+	for d.processNextWorkItem(ctx) {
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *descheduler) processNextWorkItem(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	dsKey, quit := d.queue.Get()
+	if quit {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer d.queue.Done(dsKey)
+
+	err := d.sync()
+	if err == nil {
+		d.queue.Forget(dsKey)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	utilruntime.HandleError(fmt.Errorf("%v failed with : %v", dsKey, err))
+	d.queue.AddRateLimited(dsKey)
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func (d *descheduler) sync() error {
+	prometheusConfig := d.metricsProviders[api.PrometheusMetrics].Prometheus
+	if prometheusConfig == nil || prometheusConfig.AuthToken == nil || prometheusConfig.AuthToken.SecretReference == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prometheus metrics source configuration is missing authentication token secret")
+	}
+	ns := prometheusConfig.AuthToken.SecretReference.Namespace
+	name := prometheusConfig.AuthToken.SecretReference.Name
+	secretObj, err := d.namespacedSecretsLister.Get(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		// clear the token if the secret is not found
+		if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
+			d.currentPrometheusAuthToken = ""
+			if d.previousPrometheusClientTransport != nil {
+				d.previousPrometheusClientTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
+			}
+			d.previousPrometheusClientTransport = nil
+			d.prometheusClient = nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get %v/%v secret", ns, name)
+	}
+	authToken := string(secretObj.Data[prometheusAuthTokenSecretKey])
+	if authToken == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prometheus authentication token secret missing %q data or empty", prometheusAuthTokenSecretKey)
+	}
+	if d.currentPrometheusAuthToken == authToken {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	klog.V(2).Infof("authentication secret token updated, recreating prometheus client")
+	prometheusClient, transport, err := client.CreatePrometheusClient(prometheusConfig.URL, authToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create a prometheus client: %v", err)
+	}
+	d.prometheusClient = prometheusClient
+	if d.previousPrometheusClientTransport != nil {
+		d.previousPrometheusClientTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	}
+	d.previousPrometheusClientTransport = transport
+	d.currentPrometheusAuthToken = authToken
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *descheduler) eventHandler() cache.ResourceEventHandler {
+	return cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
+		AddFunc:    func(obj interface{}) { d.queue.Add(workQueueKey) },
+		UpdateFunc: func(old, new interface{}) { d.queue.Add(workQueueKey) },
+		DeleteFunc: func(obj interface{}) { d.queue.Add(workQueueKey) },
+	}
 }
 
 func (d *descheduler) runDeschedulerLoop(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) error {
@@ -129,13 +366,17 @@ func (d *descheduler) runDeschedulerLoop(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 	if d.rs.DryRun {
 		klog.V(3).Infof("Building a cached client from the cluster for the dry run")
 		// Create a new cache so we start from scratch without any leftovers
-		fakeClient, err := cachedClient(d.rs.Client, d.podLister, d.nodeLister, d.namespaceLister, d.priorityClassLister)
+		fakeClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset()
+		// simulate a pod eviction by deleting a pod
+		fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods", d.podEvictionReactionFnc(fakeClient))
+		fakeSharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+
+		err := d.ir.CopyTo(fakeClient, fakeSharedInformerFactory)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
 		// create a new instance of the shared informer factor from the cached client
-		fakeSharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
 		// register the pod informer, otherwise it will not get running
 		d.getPodsAssignedToNode, err = podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(fakeSharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer())
 		if err != nil {
@@ -153,21 +394,13 @@ func (d *descheduler) runDeschedulerLoop(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 		client = d.rs.Client
 	}
 
-	klog.V(3).Infof("Building a pod evictor")
-	podEvictor := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
-		client,
-		d.evictionPolicyGroupVersion,
-		d.rs.DryRun,
-		d.deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode,
-		d.deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace,
-		nodes,
-		!d.rs.DisableMetrics,
-		d.eventRecorder,
-	)
+	klog.V(3).Infof("Setting up the pod evictor")
+	d.podEvictor.SetClient(client)
+	d.podEvictor.ResetCounters()
 
-	d.runProfiles(ctx, client, nodes, podEvictor)
+	d.runProfiles(ctx, client, nodes)
 
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of evicted pods", "totalEvicted", podEvictor.TotalEvicted())
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of evictions/requests", "totalEvicted", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(), "evictionRequests", d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests())
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -175,7 +408,7 @@ func (d *descheduler) runDeschedulerLoop(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 // runProfiles runs all the deschedule plugins of all profiles and
 // later runs through all balance plugins of all profiles. (All Balance plugins should come after all Deschedule plugins)
 // see https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/issues/979
-func (d *descheduler) runProfiles(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, nodes []*v1.Node, podEvictor *evictions.PodEvictor) {
+func (d *descheduler) runProfiles(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, nodes []*v1.Node) {
 	var span trace.Span
 	ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "runProfiles")
 	defer span.End()
@@ -186,8 +419,10 @@ func (d *descheduler) runProfiles(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interfac
 			pluginregistry.PluginRegistry,
 			frameworkprofile.WithClientSet(client),
 			frameworkprofile.WithSharedInformerFactory(d.sharedInformerFactory),
-			frameworkprofile.WithPodEvictor(podEvictor),
+			frameworkprofile.WithPodEvictor(d.podEvictor),
 			frameworkprofile.WithGetPodsAssignedToNodeFnc(d.getPodsAssignedToNode),
+			frameworkprofile.WithMetricsCollector(d.metricsCollector),
+			frameworkprofile.WithPrometheusClient(d.prometheusClient),
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to create a profile", "profile", profile.Name)
@@ -252,6 +487,14 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if (deschedulerPolicy.MetricsCollector != nil && deschedulerPolicy.MetricsCollector.Enabled) || metricsProviderListToMap(deschedulerPolicy.MetricsProviders)[api.KubernetesMetrics] != nil {
+		metricsClient, err := client.CreateMetricsClient(clientConnection, "descheduler")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rs.MetricsClient = metricsClient
+	}
+
 	runFn := func() error {
 		return RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion)
 	}
@@ -276,46 +519,38 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
 	return runFn()
 }
 
-func validateVersionCompatibility(discovery discovery.DiscoveryInterface, versionInfo version.Info) error {
-	serverVersionInfo, err := discovery.ServerVersion()
+func validateVersionCompatibility(discovery discovery.DiscoveryInterface, deschedulerVersionInfo version.Info) error {
+	kubeServerVersionInfo, err := discovery.ServerVersion()
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.New("failed to discover Kubernetes server version")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to discover Kubernetes server version: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	serverVersion, err := utilversion.ParseSemantic(serverVersionInfo.String())
+	kubeServerVersion, err := utilversion.ParseSemantic(kubeServerVersionInfo.String())
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.New("failed to parse Kubernetes server version")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Kubernetes server version '%s': %v", kubeServerVersionInfo.String(), err)
 	}
 
-	deschedulerVersion, err := utilversion.ParseGeneric(versionInfo.GitVersion)
+	deschedulerMinor, err := strconv.ParseFloat(deschedulerVersionInfo.Minor, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.New("failed to convert Descheduler minor version to float")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert Descheduler minor version '%s' to float: %v", deschedulerVersionInfo.Minor, err)
 	}
 
-	deschedulerMinor := float64(deschedulerVersion.Minor())
-	serverMinor := float64(serverVersion.Minor())
-	if math.Abs(deschedulerMinor-serverMinor) > 3 {
+	kubeServerMinor := float64(kubeServerVersion.Minor())
+	if math.Abs(deschedulerMinor-kubeServerMinor) > 3 {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
-			"descheduler version %v may not be supported on your version of Kubernetes %v."+
+			"descheduler version %s.%s may not be supported on your version of Kubernetes %v."+
 				"See compatibility docs for more info: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler#compatibility-matrix",
-			deschedulerVersion.String(),
-			serverVersionInfo.String(),
+			deschedulerVersionInfo.Major,
+			deschedulerVersionInfo.Minor,
+			kubeServerVersionInfo.String(),
 		)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func cachedClient(
-	realClient clientset.Interface,
-	podLister listersv1.PodLister,
-	nodeLister listersv1.NodeLister,
-	namespaceLister listersv1.NamespaceLister,
-	priorityClassLister schedulingv1.PriorityClassLister,
-) (clientset.Interface, error) {
-	fakeClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset()
-	// simulate a pod eviction by deleting a pod
-	fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+func podEvictionReactionFnc(fakeClient *fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+	return func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
 		if action.GetSubresource() == "eviction" {
 			createAct, matched := action.(core.CreateActionImpl)
 			if !matched {
@@ -332,63 +567,23 @@ func cachedClient(
 		}
 		// fallback to the default reactor
 		return false, nil, nil
-	})
-
-	klog.V(3).Infof("Pulling resources for the cached client from the cluster")
-	pods, err := podLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to list pods: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	for _, item := range pods {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.CoreV1().Pods(item.Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to copy pod: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	nodes, err := nodeLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to list nodes: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range nodes {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.CoreV1().Nodes().Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to copy node: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	namespaces, err := namespaceLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to list namespaces: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range namespaces {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to copy namespace: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	priorityClasses, err := priorityClassLister.List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to list priorityclasses: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range priorityClasses {
-		if _, err := fakeClient.SchedulingV1().PriorityClasses().Create(context.TODO(), item, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to copy priorityclass: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return fakeClient, nil
 }
 
+type tokenReconciliation int
+
+const (
+	noReconciliation tokenReconciliation = iota
+	inClusterReconciliation
+	secretReconciliation
+)
+
 func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string) error {
 	var span trace.Span
 	ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "RunDeschedulerStrategies")
 	defer span.End()
 
 	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactoryWithOptions(rs.Client, 0, informers.WithTransform(trimManagedFields))
-	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
 
 	var nodeSelector string
 	if deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector != nil {
@@ -404,7 +599,22 @@ func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer
 	eventBroadcaster, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, eventClient)
 	defer eventBroadcaster.Shutdown()
 
-	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(ctx, rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion, eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
+	var namespacedSharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory
+	metricProviderTokenReconciliation := noReconciliation
+
+	prometheusProvider := metricsProviderListToMap(deschedulerPolicy.MetricsProviders)[api.PrometheusMetrics]
+	if prometheusProvider != nil && prometheusProvider.Prometheus != nil && prometheusProvider.Prometheus.URL != "" {
+		if prometheusProvider.Prometheus.AuthToken != nil {
+			// Will get reconciled
+			namespacedSharedInformerFactory = informers.NewSharedInformerFactoryWithOptions(rs.Client, 0, informers.WithTransform(trimManagedFields), informers.WithNamespace(prometheusProvider.Prometheus.AuthToken.SecretReference.Namespace))
+			metricProviderTokenReconciliation = secretReconciliation
+		} else {
+			// Use the sa token and assume it has the sufficient permissions to authenticate
+			metricProviderTokenReconciliation = inClusterReconciliation
+		}
+	}
+
+	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(ctx, rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion, eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory, namespacedSharedInformerFactory)
 	if err != nil {
 		span.AddEvent("Failed to create new descheduler", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 		return err
@@ -413,13 +623,48 @@ func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer
 	defer cancel()
 
 	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	if metricProviderTokenReconciliation == secretReconciliation {
+		namespacedSharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	}
+
 	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+	descheduler.podEvictor.WaitForEventHandlersSync(ctx)
+	if metricProviderTokenReconciliation == secretReconciliation {
+		namespacedSharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+	}
+
+	if descheduler.metricsCollector != nil {
+		go func() {
+			klog.V(2).Infof("Starting metrics collector")
+			descheduler.metricsCollector.Run(ctx)
+			klog.V(2).Infof("Stopped metrics collector")
+		}()
+		klog.V(2).Infof("Waiting for metrics collector to sync")
+		if err := wait.PollWithContext(ctx, time.Second, time.Minute, func(context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
+			return descheduler.metricsCollector.HasSynced(), nil
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for metrics collector to sync: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if metricProviderTokenReconciliation == secretReconciliation {
+		go descheduler.runAuthenticationSecretReconciler(ctx)
+	}
 
 	wait.NonSlidingUntil(func() {
+		if metricProviderTokenReconciliation == inClusterReconciliation {
+			// Read the sa token and assume it has the sufficient permissions to authenticate
+			if err := descheduler.reconcileInClusterSAToken(); err != nil {
+				klog.ErrorS(err, "unable to reconcile an in cluster SA token")
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
 		// A next context is created here intentionally to avoid nesting the spans via context.
 		sCtx, sSpan := tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "NonSlidingUntil")
 		defer sSpan.End()
-		nodes, err := nodeutil.ReadyNodes(sCtx, rs.Client, nodeLister, nodeSelector)
+
+		nodes, err := nodeutil.ReadyNodes(sCtx, rs.Client, descheduler.sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister(), nodeSelector)
 		if err != nil {
 			sSpan.AddEvent("Failed to detect ready nodes", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 			klog.Error(err)

pkg/descheduler/descheduler_test.go

@@ -2,69 +2,184 @@ package descheduler
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/conversion"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
 	apiversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/version"
 	fakediscovery "k8s.io/client-go/discovery/fake"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha1"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 	deschedulerversion "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/version"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )
 
-// scope contains information about an ongoing conversion.
-type scope struct {
-	converter *conversion.Converter
-	meta      *conversion.Meta
-}
-
-// Convert continues a conversion.
-func (s scope) Convert(src, dest interface{}) error {
-	return s.converter.Convert(src, dest, s.meta)
-}
-
-// Meta returns the meta object that was originally passed to Convert.
-func (s scope) Meta() *conversion.Meta {
-	return s.meta
-}
-
-func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
-	pluginregistry.PluginRegistry = pluginregistry.NewRegistry()
-	pluginregistry.Register(removepodsviolatingnodetaints.PluginName, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.New, &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints{}, &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs{}, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.ValidateRemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.SetDefaults_RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
-	pluginregistry.Register(defaultevictor.PluginName, defaultevictor.New, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictor{}, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{}, defaultevictor.ValidateDefaultEvictorArgs, defaultevictor.SetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
-	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
-
-	p1 := test.BuildTestPod(fmt.Sprintf("pod_1_%s", n1.Name), 200, 0, n1.Name, nil)
-	p1.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = []metav1.OwnerReference{
-		{},
+var (
+	podEvictionError     = errors.New("PodEvictionError")
+	tooManyRequestsError = &apierrors.StatusError{
+		ErrStatus: metav1.Status{
+			Status:  metav1.StatusFailure,
+			Code:    http.StatusTooManyRequests,
+			Reason:  metav1.StatusReasonTooManyRequests,
+			Message: "admission webhook \"virt-launcher-eviction-interceptor.kubevirt.io\" denied the request: Eviction triggered evacuation of VMI",
+		},
 	}
+	nodesgvr = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+	podsgvr  = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "pods"}
+)
 
-	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, p1)
-	eventClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, p1)
-	dp := &v1alpha1.DeschedulerPolicy{
-		Strategies: v1alpha1.StrategyList{
-			"RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints": v1alpha1.DeschedulerStrategy{
-				Enabled: true,
+func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	return featureGates
+}
+
+func initPluginRegistry() {
+	pluginregistry.PluginRegistry = pluginregistry.NewRegistry()
+	pluginregistry.Register(removeduplicates.PluginName, removeduplicates.New, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicates{}, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{}, removeduplicates.ValidateRemoveDuplicatesArgs, removeduplicates.SetDefaults_RemoveDuplicatesArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
+	pluginregistry.Register(defaultevictor.PluginName, defaultevictor.New, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictor{}, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{}, defaultevictor.ValidateDefaultEvictorArgs, defaultevictor.SetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
+	pluginregistry.Register(removepodsviolatingnodetaints.PluginName, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.New, &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints{}, &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs{}, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.ValidateRemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs, removepodsviolatingnodetaints.SetDefaults_RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
+	pluginregistry.Register(nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName, nodeutilization.NewLowNodeUtilization, &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilization{}, &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{}, nodeutilization.ValidateLowNodeUtilizationArgs, nodeutilization.SetDefaults_LowNodeUtilizationArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
+}
+
+func removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy() *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &api.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []api.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []api.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: "RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints",
+						Args: &removepodsviolatingnodetaints.RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaintsArgs{},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "DefaultEvictor",
+						Args: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: api.Plugins{
+					Filter: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							"DefaultEvictor",
+						},
+					},
+					Deschedule: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							"RemovePodsViolatingNodeTaints",
+						},
+					},
+				},
 			},
 		},
 	}
+}
+
+func removeDuplicatesPolicy() *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	return &api.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []api.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []api.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: "RemoveDuplicates",
+						Args: &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "DefaultEvictor",
+						Args: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: api.Plugins{
+					Filter: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							"DefaultEvictor",
+						},
+					},
+					Balance: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							"RemoveDuplicates",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(thresholds, targetThresholds api.ResourceThresholds, metricsEnabled bool) *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+	var metricsSource api.MetricsSource = ""
+	if metricsEnabled {
+		metricsSource = api.KubernetesMetrics
+	}
+	return &api.DeschedulerPolicy{
+		Profiles: []api.DeschedulerProfile{
+			{
+				Name: "Profile",
+				PluginConfigs: []api.PluginConfig{
+					{
+						Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
+						Args: &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
+							Thresholds:       thresholds,
+							TargetThresholds: targetThresholds,
+							MetricsUtilization: &nodeutilization.MetricsUtilization{
+								Source: metricsSource,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						Args: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
+					},
+				},
+				Plugins: api.Plugins{
+					Filter: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							defaultevictor.PluginName,
+						},
+					},
+					Balance: api.PluginSet{
+						Enabled: []string{
+							nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func initDescheduler(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, featureGates featuregate.FeatureGate, internalDeschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, metricsClient metricsclient.Interface, objects ...runtime.Object) (*options.DeschedulerServer, *descheduler, *fakeclientset.Clientset) {
+	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(objects...)
+	eventClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(objects...)
 
 	rs, err := options.NewDeschedulerServer()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -72,6 +187,44 @@ func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = featureGates
+	rs.MetricsClient = metricsClient
+
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactoryWithOptions(rs.Client, 0, informers.WithTransform(trimManagedFields))
+	eventBroadcaster, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, client)
+
+	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(ctx, rs, internalDeschedulerPolicy, "v1", eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		eventBroadcaster.Shutdown()
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to create a descheduler instance: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	return rs, descheduler, client
+}
+
+func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod(fmt.Sprintf("pod_1_%s", n1.Name), 200, 0, n1.Name, nil)
+	p1.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+
+	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, p1)
+	eventClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, p1)
+
+	rs, err := options.NewDeschedulerServer()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize server: %v", err)
+	}
+	rs.Client = client
+	rs.EventClient = eventClient
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 
 	pods, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -95,16 +248,9 @@ func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionFuc(&evictedPods))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))
 
-	internalDeschedulerPolicy := &api.DeschedulerPolicy{}
-	scope := scope{}
-	err = v1alpha1.V1alpha1ToInternal(dp, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry, internalDeschedulerPolicy, scope)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to convert v1alpha1 to v1alpha2: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, internalDeschedulerPolicy, "v1"); err != nil {
+	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy(), "v1"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to run descheduler strategies: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -114,9 +260,7 @@ func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
-	pluginregistry.PluginRegistry = pluginregistry.NewRegistry()
-	pluginregistry.Register(removeduplicates.PluginName, removeduplicates.New, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicates{}, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{}, removeduplicates.ValidateRemoveDuplicatesArgs, removeduplicates.SetDefaults_RemoveDuplicatesArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
-	pluginregistry.Register(defaultevictor.PluginName, defaultevictor.New, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictor{}, &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{}, defaultevictor.ValidateDefaultEvictorArgs, defaultevictor.SetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
+	initPluginRegistry()
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
@@ -136,13 +280,6 @@ func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(node1, node2, p1, p2, p3)
 	eventClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(node1, node2, p1, p2, p3)
-	dp := &v1alpha1.DeschedulerPolicy{
-		Strategies: v1alpha1.StrategyList{
-			"RemoveDuplicates": v1alpha1.DeschedulerStrategy{
-				Enabled: true,
-			},
-		},
-	}
 
 	rs, err := options.NewDeschedulerServer()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -150,6 +287,7 @@ func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 
 	pods, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -161,20 +299,14 @@ func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionFuc(&evictedPods))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))
 
-	internalDeschedulerPolicy := &api.DeschedulerPolicy{}
-	scope := scope{}
-	err = v1alpha1.V1alpha1ToInternal(dp, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry, internalDeschedulerPolicy, scope)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to convert v1alpha1 to v1alpha2: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, internalDeschedulerPolicy, "v1"); err != nil {
+	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, removeDuplicatesPolicy(), "v1"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to run descheduler strategies: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if len(evictedPods) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to evict pod, node taint did not get propagated to descheduler strategies %v\n", err)
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to evict pods\n")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -195,6 +327,7 @@ func TestRootCancel(t *testing.T) {
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
 	rs.DeschedulingInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	defer close(errChan)
 
@@ -230,6 +363,7 @@ func TestRootCancelWithNoInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
 	rs.DeschedulingInterval = 0
+	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	defer close(errChan)
 
@@ -251,44 +385,44 @@ func TestRootCancelWithNoInterval(t *testing.T) {
 func TestValidateVersionCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 	type testCase struct {
 		name               string
-		deschedulerVersion string
+		deschedulerVersion deschedulerversion.Info
 		serverVersion      string
 		expectError        bool
 	}
 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
 			name:               "no error when descheduler minor equals to server minor",
-			deschedulerVersion: "v0.26",
+			deschedulerVersion: deschedulerversion.Info{Major: "0", Minor: "26"},
 			serverVersion:      "v1.26.1",
 			expectError:        false,
 		},
 		{
 			name:               "no error when descheduler minor is 3 behind server minor",
-			deschedulerVersion: "0.23",
+			deschedulerVersion: deschedulerversion.Info{Major: "0", Minor: "23"},
 			serverVersion:      "v1.26.1",
 			expectError:        false,
 		},
 		{
 			name:               "no error when descheduler minor is 3 ahead of server minor",
-			deschedulerVersion: "v0.26",
+			deschedulerVersion: deschedulerversion.Info{Major: "0", Minor: "26"},
 			serverVersion:      "v1.26.1",
 			expectError:        false,
 		},
 		{
 			name:               "error when descheduler minor is 4 behind server minor",
-			deschedulerVersion: "v0.22",
+			deschedulerVersion: deschedulerversion.Info{Major: "0", Minor: "22"},
 			serverVersion:      "v1.26.1",
 			expectError:        true,
 		},
 		{
 			name:               "error when descheduler minor is 4 ahead of server minor",
-			deschedulerVersion: "v0.27",
+			deschedulerVersion: deschedulerversion.Info{Major: "0", Minor: "27"},
 			serverVersion:      "v1.23.1",
 			expectError:        true,
 		},
 		{
 			name:               "no error when using managed provider version",
-			deschedulerVersion: "v0.25",
+			deschedulerVersion: deschedulerversion.Info{Major: "0", Minor: "25"},
 			serverVersion:      "v1.25.12-eks-2d98532",
 			expectError:        false,
 		},
@@ -298,8 +432,7 @@ func TestValidateVersionCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			fakeDiscovery.FakedServerVersion = &apiversion.Info{GitVersion: tc.serverVersion}
-			deschedulerVersion := deschedulerversion.Info{GitVersion: tc.deschedulerVersion}
-			err := validateVersionCompatibility(fakeDiscovery, deschedulerVersion)
+			err := validateVersionCompatibility(fakeDiscovery, tc.deschedulerVersion)
 
 			hasError := err != nil
 			if tc.expectError != hasError {
@@ -309,7 +442,7 @@ func TestValidateVersionCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func podEvictionReactionFuc(evictedPods *[]string) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+func podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(evictedPods *[]string, isEvictionsInBackground func(podName string) bool, evictionErr error) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
 	return func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
 		if action.GetSubresource() == "eviction" {
 			createAct, matched := action.(core.CreateActionImpl)
@@ -317,9 +450,420 @@ func podEvictionReactionFuc(evictedPods *[]string) func(action core.Action) (boo
 				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert action to core.CreateActionImpl")
 			}
 			if eviction, matched := createAct.Object.(*policy.Eviction); matched {
+				if isEvictionsInBackground != nil && isEvictionsInBackground(eviction.GetName()) {
+					return true, nil, tooManyRequestsError
+				}
+				if evictionErr != nil {
+					return true, nil, evictionErr
+				}
 				*evictedPods = append(*evictedPods, eviction.GetName())
+				return true, nil, nil
 			}
 		}
 		return false, nil, nil // fallback to the default reactor
 	}
 }
+
+func taintNodeNoSchedule(node *v1.Node) {
+	node.Spec.Taints = []v1.Taint{
+		{
+			Key:    "key",
+			Value:  "value",
+			Effect: v1.TaintEffectNoSchedule,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPodEvictorReset(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, taintNodeNoSchedule)
+	node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.Namespace = "dev"
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+	}
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+
+	internalDeschedulerPolicy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
+	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	rs, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, initFeatureGates(), internalDeschedulerPolicy, nil, node1, node2, p1, p2)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var evictedPods []string
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))
+
+	var fakeEvictedPods []string
+	descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, nil)
+	}
+
+	// a single pod eviction expected
+	klog.Infof("2 pod eviction expected per a descheduling cycle, 2 real evictions in total")
+	if err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	if descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted() != 2 || len(evictedPods) != 2 || len(fakeEvictedPods) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected (2,2,0) pods evicted, got (%v, %v, %v) instead", descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(), len(evictedPods), len(fakeEvictedPods))
+	}
+
+	// a single pod eviction expected
+	klog.Infof("2 pod eviction expected per a descheduling cycle, 4 real evictions in total")
+	if err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	if descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted() != 2 || len(evictedPods) != 4 || len(fakeEvictedPods) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected (2,4,0) pods evicted, got (%v, %v, %v) instead", descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(), len(evictedPods), len(fakeEvictedPods))
+	}
+
+	// check the fake client syncing and the right pods evicted
+	klog.Infof("Enabling the dry run mode")
+	rs.DryRun = true
+	evictedPods = []string{}
+
+	klog.Infof("2 pod eviction expected per a descheduling cycle, 2 fake evictions in total")
+	if err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	if descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted() != 2 || len(evictedPods) != 0 || len(fakeEvictedPods) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected (2,0,2) pods evicted, got (%v, %v, %v) instead", descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(), len(evictedPods), len(fakeEvictedPods))
+	}
+
+	klog.Infof("2 pod eviction expected per a descheduling cycle, 4 fake evictions in total")
+	if err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	if descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted() != 2 || len(evictedPods) != 0 || len(fakeEvictedPods) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected (2,0,4) pods evicted, got (%v, %v, %v) instead", descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(), len(evictedPods), len(fakeEvictedPods))
+	}
+}
+
+func checkTotals(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, descheduler *descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted uint) {
+	if total := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); total != totalEvictionRequests {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total eviction requests, got %v instead", totalEvictionRequests, total)
+	}
+	if total := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); total != totalEvicted {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total evictions, got %v instead", totalEvicted, total)
+	}
+	t.Logf("Total evictions: %v, total eviction requests: %v, total evictions and eviction requests: %v", totalEvicted, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted+totalEvictionRequests)
+}
+
+func runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node, descheduler *descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted uint) {
+	err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	checkTotals(t, ctx, descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted)
+}
+
+func TestEvictionRequestsCache(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, taintNodeNoSchedule)
+	node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.Namespace = "dev"
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+		pod.Status.Phase = v1.PodRunning
+	}
+	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		updatePod(pod)
+		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
+			evictions.EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
+		}
+	}
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p5 := test.BuildTestPod("p5", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+
+	internalDeschedulerPolicy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
+	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, featureGates, internalDeschedulerPolicy, nil, node1, node2, p1, p2, p3, p4)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var fakeEvictedPods []string
+	descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, podEvictionError)
+	}
+
+	var evictedPods []string
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, func(name string) bool { return name == "p1" || name == "p2" }, nil))
+
+	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
+	// No evicted pod is actually deleted on purpose so the test can run the descheduling cycle repeatedly
+	// without recreating the pods.
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background got initiated")
+	p2.Annotations[evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey] = ""
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Another eviction in background got initiated")
+	p1.Annotations[evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey] = ""
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p1, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background completed")
+	if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), p1.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 2)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: A new pod without eviction in background added")
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p5.Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), p5, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions increased after running a descheduling cycle")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 3)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background canceled => eviction in progress annotation removed")
+	delete(p2.Annotations, evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey)
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
+	checkTotals(t, ctx, descheduler, 0, 3)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Re-run the descheduling cycle to re-request eviction in background")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 3)
+
+	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background completed with a pod in completed state")
+	p2.Status.Phase = v1.PodSucceeded
+	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
+	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 0, 3)
+}
+
+func TestDeschedulingLimits(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		description string
+		policy      *api.DeschedulerPolicy
+		limit       uint
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "limits per node",
+			policy: func() *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+				policy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
+				policy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = utilptr.To[uint](4)
+				return policy
+			}(),
+			limit: uint(4),
+		},
+		{
+			description: "limits per namespace",
+			policy: func() *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+				policy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
+				policy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = utilptr.To[uint](4)
+				return policy
+			}(),
+			limit: uint(4),
+		},
+		{
+			description: "limits per cycle",
+			policy: func() *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+				policy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
+				policy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal = utilptr.To[uint](4)
+				return policy
+			}(),
+			limit: uint(4),
+		},
+	}
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.Namespace = "dev"
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+	}
+
+	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		updatePod(pod)
+		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
+			evictions.EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+			node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, taintNodeNoSchedule)
+			node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+			nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
+			ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+			featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+			featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+				features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+			})
+			_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, featureGates, tc.policy, nil, node1, node2)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			var fakeEvictedPods []string
+			descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+				return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, podEvictionError)
+			}
+
+			var evictedPods []string
+			client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, func(name string) bool { return name == "p1" || name == "p2" }, nil))
+
+			rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
+			pods := []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p5", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
+			}
+
+			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+				rand.Shuffle(len(pods), func(i, j int) { pods[i], pods[j] = pods[j], pods[i] })
+				func() {
+					for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
+						idx := j
+						if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), pods[idx], metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+							t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
+						}
+						defer func() {
+							if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), pods[idx].Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+								t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
+							}
+						}()
+					}
+					time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+					klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
+					err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+					}
+					totalERs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()
+					totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+					if totalERs+totalEs > tc.limit {
+						t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions and eviction requests in total, got %v instead", tc.limit, totalERs+totalEs)
+					}
+					t.Logf("Total evictions and eviction requests: %v (er=%v, e=%v)", totalERs+totalEs, totalERs, totalEs)
+				}()
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadAwareDescheduling(t *testing.T) {
+	initPluginRegistry()
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, taintNodeNoSchedule)
+	node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p5 := test.BuildTestPod("p5", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+
+	nodemetricses := []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
+		test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 2400, 3000),
+		test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 400, 0),
+	}
+
+	podmetricses := []*v1beta1.PodMetrics{
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p1", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p2", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p3", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p4", 400, 0),
+		test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 400, 0),
+	}
+
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	for _, nodemetrics := range nodemetricses {
+		metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, nodemetrics, "")
+	}
+	for _, podmetrics := range podmetricses {
+		metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(podsgvr, podmetrics, podmetrics.Namespace)
+	}
+
+	policy := lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(
+		api.ResourceThresholds{
+			v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
+			v1.ResourcePods: 30,
+		},
+		api.ResourceThresholds{
+			v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
+			v1.ResourcePods: 50,
+		},
+		true, // enabled metrics utilization
+	)
+	policy.MetricsProviders = []api.MetricsProvider{{Source: api.KubernetesMetrics}}
+
+	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	_, descheduler, _ := initDescheduler(
+		t,
+		ctxCancel,
+		initFeatureGates(),
+		policy,
+		metricsClientset,
+		node1, node2, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// This needs to be run since the metrics collector is started
+	// after newDescheduler in RunDeschedulerStrategies.
+	descheduler.metricsCollector.Collect(ctx)
+
+	err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+	}
+	totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+	if totalEs != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions in total, got %v instead", 2, totalEs)
+	}
+	t.Logf("Total evictions: %v", totalEs)
+}

pkg/descheduler/evictions/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package evictions
+
+type EvictionNodeLimitError struct {
+	node string
+}
+
+func (e EvictionNodeLimitError) Error() string {
+	return "maximum number of evicted pods per node reached"
+}
+
+func NewEvictionNodeLimitError(node string) *EvictionNodeLimitError {
+	return &EvictionNodeLimitError{
+		node: node,
+	}
+}
+
+var _ error = &EvictionNodeLimitError{}
+
+type EvictionNamespaceLimitError struct {
+	namespace string
+}
+
+func (e EvictionNamespaceLimitError) Error() string {
+	return "maximum number of evicted pods per namespace reached"
+}
+
+func NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError(namespace string) *EvictionNamespaceLimitError {
+	return &EvictionNamespaceLimitError{
+		namespace: namespace,
+	}
+}
+
+var _ error = &EvictionNamespaceLimitError{}
+
+type EvictionTotalLimitError struct{}
+
+func (e EvictionTotalLimitError) Error() string {
+	return "maximum number of evicted pods per a descheduling cycle reached"
+}
+
+func NewEvictionTotalLimitError() *EvictionTotalLimitError {
+	return &EvictionTotalLimitError{}
+}
+
+var _ error = &EvictionTotalLimitError{}

pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions.go

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ package evictions
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
@@ -26,15 +29,176 @@ import (
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
 
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
 	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 )
 
+var (
+	assumedEvictionRequestTimeoutSeconds uint          = 10 * 60 // 10 minutes
+	evictionRequestsCacheResyncPeriod    time.Duration = 10 * time.Minute
+	// syncedPollPeriod controls how often you look at the status of your sync funcs
+	syncedPollPeriod = 100 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+type evictionRequestItem struct {
+	podName, podNamespace, podNodeName string
+	evictionAssumed                    bool
+	assumedTimestamp                   metav1.Time
+}
+
+type evictionRequestsCache struct {
+	mu                           sync.RWMutex
+	requests                     map[string]evictionRequestItem
+	requestsPerNode              map[string]uint
+	requestsPerNamespace         map[string]uint
+	requestsTotal                uint
+	assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds uint
+}
+
+func newEvictionRequestsCache(assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds uint) *evictionRequestsCache {
+	return &evictionRequestsCache{
+		requests:                     make(map[string]evictionRequestItem),
+		requestsPerNode:              make(map[string]uint),
+		requestsPerNamespace:         make(map[string]uint),
+		assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds: assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds,
+	}
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) run(ctx context.Context) {
+	wait.UntilWithContext(ctx, erc.cleanCache, evictionRequestsCacheResyncPeriod)
+}
+
+// cleanCache removes all assumed entries that has not been confirmed
+// for more than a specified timeout
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) cleanCache(ctx context.Context) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	klog.V(4).Infof("Cleaning cache of assumed eviction requests in background")
+	for uid, item := range erc.requests {
+		if item.evictionAssumed {
+			requestAgeSeconds := uint(metav1.Now().Sub(item.assumedTimestamp.Local()).Seconds())
+			if requestAgeSeconds > erc.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds {
+				klog.V(4).InfoS("Assumed eviction request in background timed out, deleting", "timeout", erc.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds, "podNamespace", item.podNamespace, "podName", item.podName)
+				erc.deleteItem(uid)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsPerNode(nodeName string) uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return erc.requestsPerNode[nodeName]
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns string) uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return erc.requestsPerNamespace[ns]
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsTotal() uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return erc.requestsTotal
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) TotalEvictionRequests() uint {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	return uint(len(erc.requests))
+}
+
+// getPodKey returns the string key of a pod.
+func getPodKey(pod *v1.Pod) string {
+	uid := string(pod.UID)
+	// Every pod is expected to have the UID set.
+	// When the descheduling framework is used for simulation
+	// user created workload may forget to set the UID.
+	if len(uid) == 0 {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot get cache key for %v/%v pod with empty UID", pod.Namespace, pod.Name))
+	}
+	return uid
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) addPod(pod *v1.Pod) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
+		return
+	}
+	erc.requests[uid] = evictionRequestItem{podNamespace: pod.Namespace, podName: pod.Name, podNodeName: pod.Spec.NodeName}
+	erc.requestsPerNode[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
+	erc.requestsPerNamespace[pod.Namespace]++
+	erc.requestsTotal++
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) assumePod(pod *v1.Pod) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
+		return
+	}
+	erc.requests[uid] = evictionRequestItem{
+		podNamespace:     pod.Namespace,
+		podName:          pod.Name,
+		podNodeName:      pod.Spec.NodeName,
+		evictionAssumed:  true,
+		assumedTimestamp: metav1.NewTime(time.Now()),
+	}
+	erc.requestsPerNode[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
+	erc.requestsPerNamespace[pod.Namespace]++
+	erc.requestsTotal++
+}
+
+// no locking, expected to be invoked from protected methods only
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) deleteItem(uid string) {
+	erc.requestsPerNode[erc.requests[uid].podNodeName]--
+	if erc.requestsPerNode[erc.requests[uid].podNodeName] == 0 {
+		delete(erc.requestsPerNode, erc.requests[uid].podNodeName)
+	}
+	erc.requestsPerNamespace[erc.requests[uid].podNamespace]--
+	if erc.requestsPerNamespace[erc.requests[uid].podNamespace] == 0 {
+		delete(erc.requestsPerNamespace, erc.requests[uid].podNamespace)
+	}
+	erc.requestsTotal--
+	delete(erc.requests, uid)
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) deletePod(pod *v1.Pod) {
+	erc.mu.Lock()
+	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
+		erc.deleteItem(uid)
+	}
+}
+
+func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) hasPod(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
+	erc.mu.RLock()
+	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
+	uid := getPodKey(pod)
+	_, exists := erc.requests[uid]
+	return exists
+}
+
+var (
+	EvictionRequestAnnotationKey    = "descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/request-evict-only"
+	EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey = "descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/eviction-in-progress"
+	EvictionInBackgroundErrorText   = "Eviction triggered evacuation"
+)
+
 // nodePodEvictedCount keeps count of pods evicted on node
 type (
 	nodePodEvictedCount    map[string]uint
@@ -42,69 +206,241 @@ type (
 )
 
 type PodEvictor struct {
-	client                     clientset.Interface
-	nodes                      []*v1.Node
-	policyGroupVersion         string
-	dryRun                     bool
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNode      *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint
-	nodepodCount               nodePodEvictedCount
-	namespacePodCount          namespacePodEvictCount
-	metricsEnabled             bool
-	eventRecorder              events.EventRecorder
+	mu                               sync.RWMutex
+	client                           clientset.Interface
+	policyGroupVersion               string
+	dryRun                           bool
+	evictionFailureEventNotification bool
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
+	gracePeriodSeconds               *int64
+	nodePodCount                     nodePodEvictedCount
+	namespacePodCount                namespacePodEvictCount
+	totalPodCount                    uint
+	metricsEnabled                   bool
+	eventRecorder                    events.EventRecorder
+	erCache                          *evictionRequestsCache
+	featureGates                     featuregate.FeatureGate
+
+	// registeredHandlers contains the registrations of all handlers. It's used to check if all handlers have finished syncing before the scheduling cycles start.
+	registeredHandlers []cache.ResourceEventHandlerRegistration
 }
 
 func NewPodEvictor(
+	ctx context.Context,
 	client clientset.Interface,
-	policyGroupVersion string,
-	dryRun bool,
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNode *uint,
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint,
-	nodes []*v1.Node,
-	metricsEnabled bool,
 	eventRecorder events.EventRecorder,
-) *PodEvictor {
-	nodePodCount := make(nodePodEvictedCount)
-	namespacePodCount := make(namespacePodEvictCount)
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		// Initialize podsEvicted till now with 0.
-		nodePodCount[node.Name] = 0
+	podInformer cache.SharedIndexInformer,
+	featureGates featuregate.FeatureGate,
+	options *Options,
+) (*PodEvictor, error) {
+	if options == nil {
+		options = NewOptions()
 	}
 
-	return &PodEvictor{
-		client:                     client,
-		nodes:                      nodes,
-		policyGroupVersion:         policyGroupVersion,
-		dryRun:                     dryRun,
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      maxPodsToEvictPerNode,
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace,
-		nodepodCount:               nodePodCount,
-		namespacePodCount:          namespacePodCount,
-		metricsEnabled:             metricsEnabled,
-		eventRecorder:              eventRecorder,
+	podEvictor := &PodEvictor{
+		client:                           client,
+		eventRecorder:                    eventRecorder,
+		policyGroupVersion:               options.policyGroupVersion,
+		dryRun:                           options.dryRun,
+		evictionFailureEventNotification: options.evictionFailureEventNotification,
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            options.maxPodsToEvictPerNode,
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       options.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace,
+		maxPodsToEvictTotal:              options.maxPodsToEvictTotal,
+		gracePeriodSeconds:               options.gracePeriodSeconds,
+		metricsEnabled:                   options.metricsEnabled,
+		nodePodCount:                     make(nodePodEvictedCount),
+		namespacePodCount:                make(namespacePodEvictCount),
+		featureGates:                     featureGates,
 	}
+
+	if featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		erCache := newEvictionRequestsCache(assumedEvictionRequestTimeoutSeconds)
+
+		handlerRegistration, err := podInformer.AddEventHandler(
+			cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
+				AddFunc: func(obj interface{}) {
+					pod, ok := obj.(*v1.Pod)
+					if !ok {
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", obj)
+						return
+					}
+					if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
+						if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; exists {
+							// Ignore completed/suceeeded or failed pods
+							if pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodSucceeded && pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodFailed {
+								klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background detected. Adding pod to the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+								erCache.addPod(pod)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				},
+				UpdateFunc: func(oldObj, newObj interface{}) {
+					oldPod, ok := oldObj.(*v1.Pod)
+					if !ok {
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert oldObj to *v1.Pod", "oldObj", oldObj)
+						return
+					}
+					newPod, ok := newObj.(*v1.Pod)
+					if !ok {
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert newObj to *v1.Pod", "newObj", newObj)
+						return
+					}
+					// Ignore pod's that are not subject to an eviction in background
+					if _, exists := newPod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; !exists {
+						if erCache.hasPod(newPod) {
+							klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background lost annotation. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+						}
+						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
+						return
+					}
+					// Remove completed/suceeeded or failed pods from the cache
+					if newPod.Status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded || newPod.Status.Phase == v1.PodFailed {
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background completed. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
+						return
+					}
+					// Ignore any pod that does not have eviction in progress
+					if _, exists := newPod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; !exists {
+						// In case EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey annotation is not present/removed
+						// it's unclear whether the eviction was restarted or terminated.
+						// If the eviction gets restarted the pod needs to be removed from the cache
+						// to allow re-triggering the eviction.
+						if _, exists := oldPod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; !exists {
+							return
+						}
+						// the annotation was removed -> remove the pod from the cache to allow to
+						// request for eviction again. In case the eviction got restarted requesting
+						// the eviction again is expected to be a no-op. In case the eviction
+						// got terminated with no-retry, requesting a new eviction is a normal
+						// operation.
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background canceled (annotation removed). Removing pod from the cache.", "annotation", EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey, "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
+						return
+					}
+					// Pick up the eviction in progress
+					if !erCache.hasPod(newPod) {
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background detected. Updating the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
+					}
+					erCache.addPod(newPod)
+				},
+				DeleteFunc: func(obj interface{}) {
+					var pod *v1.Pod
+					switch t := obj.(type) {
+					case *v1.Pod:
+						pod = t
+					case cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown:
+						var ok bool
+						pod, ok = t.Obj.(*v1.Pod)
+						if !ok {
+							klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", t.Obj)
+							return
+						}
+					default:
+						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", t)
+						return
+					}
+					if erCache.hasPod(pod) {
+						klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background deleted/evicted. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+					}
+					erCache.deletePod(pod)
+				},
+			},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to register event handler for pod evictor: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		podEvictor.registeredHandlers = append(podEvictor.registeredHandlers, handlerRegistration)
+
+		go erCache.run(ctx)
+
+		podEvictor.erCache = erCache
+	}
+
+	return podEvictor, nil
+}
+
+// WaitForEventHandlersSync waits for EventHandlers to sync.
+// It returns true if it was successful, false if the controller should shut down
+func (pe *PodEvictor) WaitForEventHandlersSync(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return wait.PollUntilContextCancel(ctx, syncedPollPeriod, true, func(ctx context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
+		for _, handler := range pe.registeredHandlers {
+			if !handler.HasSynced() {
+				return false, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	})
 }
 
 // NodeEvicted gives a number of pods evicted for node
 func (pe *PodEvictor) NodeEvicted(node *v1.Node) uint {
-	return pe.nodepodCount[node.Name]
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	return pe.nodePodCount[node.Name]
 }
 
 // TotalEvicted gives a number of pods evicted through all nodes
 func (pe *PodEvictor) TotalEvicted() uint {
-	var total uint
-	for _, count := range pe.nodepodCount {
-		total += count
-	}
-	return total
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	return pe.totalPodCount
 }
 
-// NodeLimitExceeded checks if the number of evictions for a node was exceeded
-func (pe *PodEvictor) NodeLimitExceeded(node *v1.Node) bool {
-	if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode != nil {
-		return pe.nodepodCount[node.Name] == *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode
+func (pe *PodEvictor) ResetCounters() {
+	pe.mu.Lock()
+	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
+	pe.nodePodCount = make(nodePodEvictedCount)
+	pe.namespacePodCount = make(namespacePodEvictCount)
+	pe.totalPodCount = 0
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) SetClient(client clientset.Interface) {
+	pe.mu.Lock()
+	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
+	pe.client = client
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsTotal() uint {
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsTotal()
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsPerNode(node string) uint {
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsPerNode(node)
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns string) uint {
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns)
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictionRequests(node *v1.Node) uint {
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	return pe.evictionRequestsTotal()
+}
+
+func (pe *PodEvictor) TotalEvictionRequests() uint {
+	pe.mu.RLock()
+	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		return pe.erCache.TotalEvictionRequests()
+	} else {
+		return 0
 	}
-	return false
 }
 
 // EvictOptions provides a handle for passing additional info to EvictPod
@@ -119,32 +455,71 @@ type EvictOptions struct {
 
 // EvictPod evicts a pod while exercising eviction limits.
 // Returns true when the pod is evicted on the server side.
-func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptions) bool {
+func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptions) error {
+	if len(pod.UID) == 0 {
+		klog.InfoS("Ignoring pod eviction due to missing UID", "pod", pod)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Pod %v is missing UID", klog.KObj(pod))
+	}
+
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		// eviction in background requested
+		if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
+			if pe.erCache.hasPod(pod) {
+				klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background already requested (ignoring)", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	pe.mu.Lock()
+	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
+
 	var span trace.Span
 	ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "EvictPod", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("podName", pod.Name), attribute.String("podNamespace", pod.Namespace), attribute.String("reason", opts.Reason), attribute.String("operation", tracing.EvictOperation)))
 	defer span.End()
 
-	if pod.Spec.NodeName != "" {
-		if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode != nil && pe.nodepodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode {
-			if pe.metricsEnabled {
-				metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": "maximum number of pods per node reached", "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
-			}
-			span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", "Maximum number of evicted pods per node reached")))
-			klog.ErrorS(fmt.Errorf("maximum number of evicted pods per node reached"), "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode, "node", pod.Spec.NodeName)
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-
-	if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace != nil && pe.namespacePodCount[pod.Namespace]+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace {
+	if pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal != nil && pe.totalPodCount+pe.evictionRequestsTotal()+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal {
+		err := NewEvictionTotalLimitError()
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
-			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": "maximum number of pods per namespace reached", "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
+			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
-		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", "Maximum number of evicted pods per namespace reached")))
-		klog.ErrorS(fmt.Errorf("maximum number of evicted pods per namespace reached"), "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace, "namespace", pod.Namespace)
-		return false
+		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
+		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal)
+		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: total eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal)
+		}
+		return err
 	}
 
-	err := evictPod(ctx, pe.client, pod, pe.policyGroupVersion)
+	if pod.Spec.NodeName != "" {
+		if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode != nil && pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]+pe.evictionRequestsPerNode(pod.Spec.NodeName)+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode {
+			err := NewEvictionNodeLimitError(pod.Spec.NodeName)
+			if pe.metricsEnabled {
+				metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
+			}
+			span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
+			klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode, "node", pod.Spec.NodeName)
+			if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+				pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: node eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode)
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace != nil && pe.namespacePodCount[pod.Namespace]+pe.evictionRequestsPerNamespace(pod.Namespace)+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace {
+		err := NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError(pod.Namespace)
+		if pe.metricsEnabled {
+			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
+		}
+		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
+		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace, "namespace", pod.Namespace, "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: namespace eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ignore, err := pe.evictPod(ctx, pod)
 	if err != nil {
 		// err is used only for logging purposes
 		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
@@ -152,13 +527,21 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptio
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
 			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": "error", "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
-		return false
+		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
+			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: %v", pod.Spec.NodeName, err.Error())
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if ignore {
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	if pod.Spec.NodeName != "" {
-		pe.nodepodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
+		pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
 	}
 	pe.namespacePodCount[pod.Namespace]++
+	pe.totalPodCount++
 
 	if pe.metricsEnabled {
 		metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": "success", "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
@@ -175,17 +558,20 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptio
 				reason = "NotSet"
 			}
 		}
-		pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeNormal, reason, "Descheduled", "pod evicted from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler", pod.Spec.NodeName)
+		pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeNormal, reason, "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler", pod.Spec.NodeName)
 	}
-	return true
+	return nil
 }
 
-func evictPod(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, pod *v1.Pod, policyGroupVersion string) error {
-	deleteOptions := &metav1.DeleteOptions{}
+// return (ignore, err)
+func (pe *PodEvictor) evictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod) (bool, error) {
+	deleteOptions := &metav1.DeleteOptions{
+		GracePeriodSeconds: pe.gracePeriodSeconds,
+	}
 	// GracePeriodSeconds ?
 	eviction := &policy.Eviction{
 		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
-			APIVersion: policyGroupVersion,
+			APIVersion: pe.policyGroupVersion,
 			Kind:       eutils.EvictionKind,
 		},
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
@@ -194,13 +580,36 @@ func evictPod(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, pod *v1.Pod, poli
 		},
 		DeleteOptions: deleteOptions,
 	}
-	err := client.PolicyV1().Evictions(eviction.Namespace).Evict(ctx, eviction)
+	err := pe.client.PolicyV1().Evictions(eviction.Namespace).Evict(ctx, eviction)
+	if err == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
+		// eviction in background requested
+		if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
+			// Simulating https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/pull/11532/files#diff-059cc1fc09e8b469143348cc3aa80b40de987670e008fa18a6fe010061f973c9R77
+			if apierrors.IsTooManyRequests(err) && strings.Contains(err.Error(), EvictionInBackgroundErrorText) {
+				// Ignore eviction of any pod that's failed or completed.
+				// It can happen an eviction in background ends up with the pod stuck in the completed state.
+				// Normally, any request eviction is expected to end with the pod deletion.
+				// However, some custom eviction policies may end up with completed pods around.
+				// Which leads to all the completed pods to be considered still as unfinished evictions in background.
+				if pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded || pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodFailed {
+					klog.V(3).InfoS("Ignoring eviction of a completed/failed pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+					return true, nil
+				}
+				klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background assumed", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+				pe.erCache.assumePod(pod)
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	if apierrors.IsTooManyRequests(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error when evicting pod (ignoring) %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("error when evicting pod (ignoring) %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
 	}
 	if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pod not found when evicting %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("pod not found when evicting %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
 	}
-	return err
+	return false, err
 }

pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions_test.go

@@ -18,54 +18,107 @@ package evictions
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )
 
+const (
+	notFoundText    = "pod not found when evicting \"%s\": pods \"%s\" not found"
+	tooManyRequests = "error when evicting pod (ignoring) \"%s\": Too many requests: too many requests"
+)
+
+func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
+	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
+	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+	})
+	return featureGates
+}
+
 func TestEvictPod(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
 	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("node1", 1000, 2000, 9, nil)
 	pod1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 0, "node1", nil)
 	tests := []struct {
 		description string
 		node        *v1.Node
-		pod         *v1.Pod
-		pods        []v1.Pod
-		want        error
+		evictedPod  *v1.Pod
+		pods        []runtime.Object
+		wantErr     error
 	}{
 		{
 			description: "test pod eviction - pod present",
 			node:        node1,
-			pod:         pod1,
-			pods:        []v1.Pod{*pod1},
-			want:        nil,
+			evictedPod:  pod1,
+			pods:        []runtime.Object{pod1},
 		},
 		{
-			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent",
+			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent (not found error)",
 			node:        node1,
-			pod:         pod1,
-			pods:        []v1.Pod{*test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), *test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
-			want:        nil,
+			evictedPod:  pod1,
+			pods:        []runtime.Object{test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
+			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf(notFoundText, pod1.Name, pod1.Name),
+		},
+		{
+			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent (too many requests error)",
+			node:        node1,
+			evictedPod:  pod1,
+			pods:        []runtime.Object{test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
+			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf(tooManyRequests, pod1.Name),
 		},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
-		fakeClient := &fake.Clientset{}
-		fakeClient.Fake.AddReactor("list", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-			return true, &v1.PodList{Items: test.pods}, nil
+		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+			fakeClient := fake.NewClientset(test.pods...)
+			fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods/eviction", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+				return true, nil, test.wantErr
+			})
+			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+			eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
+			podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
+				ctx,
+				fakeClient,
+				eventRecorder,
+				sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
+				initFeatureGates(),
+				NewOptions(),
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_, got := podEvictor.evictPod(ctx, test.evictedPod)
+			if got != test.wantErr {
+				t.Errorf("Test error for Desc: %s. Expected %v pod eviction to be %v, got %v", test.description, test.evictedPod.Name, test.wantErr, got)
+			}
 		})
-		got := evictPod(ctx, fakeClient, test.pod, "v1")
-		if got != test.want {
-			t.Errorf("Test error for Desc: %s. Expected %v pod eviction to be %v, got %v", test.description, test.pod.Name, test.want, got)
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -113,3 +166,319 @@ func TestPodTypes(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected p1 to be a normal pod.")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNewPodEvictor(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	pod1 := test.BuildTestPod("pod", 400, 0, "node", nil)
+	type podEvictorTest struct {
+		description                      string
+		pod                              *v1.Pod
+		dryRun                           bool
+		evictionFailureEventNotification *bool
+		maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
+		expectedNodeEvictions            uint
+		expectedTotalEvictions           uint
+		expectedError                    error
+		// expectedEvent is a slice of strings representing expected events.
+		// Each string in the slice should follow the format: "EventType Reason Message".
+		// - "Warning Failed processing failed"
+		events []string
+	}
+	tests := []podEvictorTest{
+		{
+			description:                      "one eviction expected with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           1,
+			expectedError:                    nil,
+			events:                           []string{"Normal NotSet pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on total with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    NewEvictionTotalLimitError(),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: total eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on node with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    NewEvictionNodeLimitError("node"),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: node eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on node with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError("default"),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: namespace eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction error with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
+			expectedError:                    fmt.Errorf("eviction error"),
+			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: eviction error"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                      "eviction with dryRun with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                              pod1,
+			dryRun:                           true,
+			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:            1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:           1,
+			expectedError:                    nil,
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "one eviction expected without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     1,
+			expectedError:              nil,
+			events:                     []string{"Normal NotSet pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"},
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on total without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              NewEvictionTotalLimitError(),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on node without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              NewEvictionNodeLimitError("node"),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on node without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](0),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError("default"),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction error without eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
+			expectedError:              fmt.Errorf("eviction error"),
+		},
+		{
+			description:                "eviction without dryRun with eviction failure event notification",
+			pod:                        pod1,
+			dryRun:                     true,
+			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
+			expectedNodeEvictions:      1,
+			expectedTotalEvictions:     1,
+			expectedError:              nil,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(pod1)
+			fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods/eviction", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
+				return true, nil, test.expectedError
+			})
+
+			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+			eventRecorder := events.NewFakeRecorder(100)
+
+			podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
+				ctx,
+				fakeClient,
+				eventRecorder,
+				sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
+				initFeatureGates(),
+				NewOptions().
+					WithDryRun(test.dryRun).
+					WithMaxPodsToEvictTotal(test.maxPodsToEvictTotal).
+					WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(test.maxPodsToEvictPerNode).
+					WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(test.evictionFailureEventNotification).
+					WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNamespace(test.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace),
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			stubNode := &v1.Node{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node"}}
+
+			if actualErr := podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, test.pod, EvictOptions{}); actualErr != nil && actualErr.Error() != test.expectedError.Error() {
+				t.Errorf("Expected error: %v, got: %v", test.expectedError, actualErr)
+			}
+
+			if evictions := podEvictor.NodeEvicted(stubNode); evictions != test.expectedNodeEvictions {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d node evictions, got %d instead", test.expectedNodeEvictions, evictions)
+			}
+
+			if evictions := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); evictions != test.expectedTotalEvictions {
+				t.Errorf("Expected %d total evictions, got %d instead", test.expectedTotalEvictions, evictions)
+			}
+
+			// Assert that the events are correct.
+			assertEqualEvents(t, test.events, eventRecorder.Events)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvictionRequestsCacheCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
+	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		pod.Namespace = "dev"
+		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
+	}
+	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+		updatePod(pod)
+		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
+			EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
+		}
+	}
+
+	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
+	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
+
+	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(node1, p1, p2, p3, p4)
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(client, 0)
+	_, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, client)
+
+	podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
+		ctx,
+		client,
+		eventRecorder,
+		sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
+		initFeatureGates(),
+		nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+		if action.GetSubresource() == "eviction" {
+			createAct, matched := action.(core.CreateActionImpl)
+			if !matched {
+				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert action to core.CreateActionImpl")
+			}
+			if eviction, matched := createAct.Object.(*policy.Eviction); matched {
+				podName := eviction.GetName()
+				if podName == "p1" || podName == "p2" {
+					return true, nil, &apierrors.StatusError{
+						ErrStatus: metav1.Status{
+							Reason:  metav1.StatusReasonTooManyRequests,
+							Message: "Eviction triggered evacuation",
+						},
+					}
+				}
+				return true, nil, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return false, nil, nil
+	})
+
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p1, EvictOptions{})
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p2, EvictOptions{})
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p3, EvictOptions{})
+	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p4, EvictOptions{})
+
+	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
+	if total := podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); total != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total eviction requests, got %v instead", 2, total)
+	}
+	if total := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); total != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total evictions, got %v instead", 2, total)
+	}
+
+	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background assumed. Wait for few seconds and check the assumed requests timed out")
+	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+	klog.Infof("Checking the assumed requests timed out and were deleted")
+	// Set the timeout to 1s so the cleaning can be tested
+	podEvictor.erCache.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds = 1
+	podEvictor.erCache.cleanCache(ctx)
+	if totalERs := podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); totalERs > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 0 eviction requests, got %v instead", totalERs)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertEqualEvents(t *testing.T, expected []string, actual <-chan string) {
+	t.Logf("Assert for events: %v", expected)
+	c := time.After(wait.ForeverTestTimeout)
+	for _, e := range expected {
+		select {
+		case a := <-actual:
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(a, e) {
+				t.Errorf("Expected event %q, got %q instead", e, a)
+			}
+		case <-c:
+			t.Errorf("Expected event %q, got nothing", e)
+			// continue iterating to print all expected events
+		}
+	}
+	for {
+		select {
+		case a := <-actual:
+			t.Errorf("Unexpected event: %q", a)
+		default:
+			return // No more events, as expected.
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/descheduler/evictions/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package evictions
+
+import (
+	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
+)
+
+type Options struct {
+	policyGroupVersion               string
+	dryRun                           bool
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
+	evictionFailureEventNotification bool
+	metricsEnabled                   bool
+	gracePeriodSeconds               *int64
+}
+
+// NewOptions returns an Options with default values.
+func NewOptions() *Options {
+	return &Options{
+		policyGroupVersion: policy.SchemeGroupVersion.String(),
+	}
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithPolicyGroupVersion(policyGroupVersion string) *Options {
+	o.policyGroupVersion = policyGroupVersion
+	return o
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithDryRun(dryRun bool) *Options {
+	o.dryRun = dryRun
+	return o
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(maxPodsToEvictPerNode *uint) *Options {
+	o.maxPodsToEvictPerNode = maxPodsToEvictPerNode
+	return o
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNamespace(maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint) *Options {
+	o.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace = maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace
+	return o
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithMaxPodsToEvictTotal(maxPodsToEvictTotal *uint) *Options {
+	o.maxPodsToEvictTotal = maxPodsToEvictTotal
+	return o
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithGracePeriodSeconds(gracePeriodSeconds *int64) *Options {
+	o.gracePeriodSeconds = gracePeriodSeconds
+	return o
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithMetricsEnabled(metricsEnabled bool) *Options {
+	o.metricsEnabled = metricsEnabled
+	return o
+}
+
+func (o *Options) WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(evictionFailureEventNotification *bool) *Options {
+	if evictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
+		o.evictionFailureEventNotification = *evictionFailureEventNotification
+	}
+	return o
+}

pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package metricscollector
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
+	listercorev1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	beta float64 = 0.9
+)
+
+type MetricsCollector struct {
+	nodeLister       listercorev1.NodeLister
+	metricsClientset metricsclient.Interface
+	nodeSelector     labels.Selector
+
+	nodes map[string]api.ReferencedResourceList
+
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+	// hasSynced signals at least one sync succeeded
+	hasSynced bool
+}
+
+func NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister listercorev1.NodeLister, metricsClientset metricsclient.Interface, nodeSelector labels.Selector) *MetricsCollector {
+	return &MetricsCollector{
+		nodeLister:       nodeLister,
+		metricsClientset: metricsClientset,
+		nodeSelector:     nodeSelector,
+		nodes:            make(map[string]api.ReferencedResourceList),
+	}
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) Run(ctx context.Context) {
+	wait.NonSlidingUntil(func() {
+		mc.Collect(ctx)
+	}, 5*time.Second, ctx.Done())
+}
+
+// During experiments rounding to int error causes weightedAverage to never
+// reach value even when weightedAverage is repeated many times in a row.
+// The difference between the limit and computed average stops within 5 units.
+// Nevertheless, the value is expected to change in time. So the weighted
+// average nevers gets a chance to converge. Which makes the computed
+// error negligible.
+// The speed of convergence depends on how often the metrics collector
+// syncs with the current value. Currently, the interval is set to 5s.
+func weightedAverage(prevValue, value int64) int64 {
+	return int64(math.Round(beta*float64(prevValue) + (1-beta)*float64(value)))
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) AllNodesUsage() (map[string]api.ReferencedResourceList, error) {
+	mc.mu.RLock()
+	defer mc.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	allNodesUsage := make(map[string]api.ReferencedResourceList)
+	for nodeName := range mc.nodes {
+		allNodesUsage[nodeName] = api.ReferencedResourceList{
+			v1.ResourceCPU:    utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[nodeName][v1.ResourceCPU].DeepCopy()),
+			v1.ResourceMemory: utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[nodeName][v1.ResourceMemory].DeepCopy()),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return allNodesUsage, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) NodeUsage(node *v1.Node) (api.ReferencedResourceList, error) {
+	mc.mu.RLock()
+	defer mc.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if _, exists := mc.nodes[node.Name]; !exists {
+		klog.V(4).InfoS("unable to find node in the collected metrics", "node", klog.KObj(node))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find node %q in the collected metrics", node.Name)
+	}
+	return api.ReferencedResourceList{
+		v1.ResourceCPU:    utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].DeepCopy()),
+		v1.ResourceMemory: utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].DeepCopy()),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) HasSynced() bool {
+	return mc.hasSynced
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) MetricsClient() metricsclient.Interface {
+	return mc.metricsClientset
+}
+
+func (mc *MetricsCollector) Collect(ctx context.Context) error {
+	mc.mu.Lock()
+	defer mc.mu.Unlock()
+	nodes, err := mc.nodeLister.List(mc.nodeSelector)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to list nodes: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		metrics, err := mc.metricsClientset.MetricsV1beta1().NodeMetricses().Get(ctx, node.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.ErrorS(err, "Error fetching metrics", "node", node.Name)
+			// No entry -> duplicate the previous value -> do nothing as beta*PV + (1-beta)*PV = PV
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if _, exists := mc.nodes[node.Name]; !exists {
+			mc.nodes[node.Name] = api.ReferencedResourceList{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:    utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](metrics.Usage.Cpu().DeepCopy()),
+				v1.ResourceMemory: utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](metrics.Usage.Memory().DeepCopy()),
+			}
+		} else {
+			// get MilliValue to reduce loss of precision
+			mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].SetMilli(
+				weightedAverage(mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), metrics.Usage.Cpu().MilliValue()),
+			)
+			mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].Set(
+				weightedAverage(mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].Value(), metrics.Usage.Memory().Value()),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	mc.hasSynced = true
+	return nil
+}

pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package metricscollector
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
+	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
+	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
+)
+
+func checkCpuNodeUsage(t *testing.T, usage api.ReferencedResourceList, millicpu int64) {
+	t.Logf("current node cpu usage: %v\n", usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
+	if usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() != millicpu {
+		t.Fatalf("cpu node usage expected to be %v, got %v instead", millicpu, usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetricsCollector(t *testing.T) {
+	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+
+	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n3 := test.BuildTestNode("n3", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	n1metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 400, 1714978816)
+	n2metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 1400, 1714978816)
+	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)
+
+	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3)
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n1metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n3metrics, "")
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
+	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	t.Logf("Set initial node cpu usage to 1400")
+	collector := NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ := collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1400)
+	allnodesUsage, _ := collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1400)
+
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to 500")
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(500, resource.DecimalSI)
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1310)
+	allnodesUsage, _ = collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1310)
+
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to 900")
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(900, resource.DecimalSI)
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1269)
+	allnodesUsage, _ = collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1269)
+}
+
+func TestMetricsCollectorConvergence(t *testing.T) {
+	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+
+	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+	n3 := test.BuildTestNode("n3", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
+
+	n1metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 400, 1714978816)
+	n2metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 1400, 1714978816)
+	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)
+
+	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3)
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n1metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n3metrics, "")
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
+	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	t.Logf("Set initial node cpu usage to 1400")
+	collector := NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+	nodesUsage, _ := collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1400)
+	allnodesUsage, _ := collector.AllNodesUsage()
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1400)
+
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu/memory usage to 900/1614978816 and wait until it converges to it")
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(900, resource.DecimalSI)
+	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceMemory] = *resource.NewQuantity(1614978816, resource.BinarySI)
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
+	converged := false
+	for i := 0; i < 300; i++ {
+		collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+		nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
+		if math.Abs(float64(900-nodesUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())) < 6 && math.Abs(float64(1614978816-nodesUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value())) < 6 {
+			t.Logf("Node cpu/memory usage converged to 900+-5/1614978816+-5")
+			converged = true
+			break
+		}
+		t.Logf("The current node usage: cpu=%v, memory=%v", nodesUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), nodesUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value())
+	}
+	if !converged {
+		t.Fatalf("The node usage did not converged to 900+-1")
+	}
+}

pkg/descheduler/node/node.go

@@ -18,20 +18,25 @@ package node
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync/atomic"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
-	utilerrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/errors"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	listersv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/util/workqueue"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 )
 
+const workersCount = 100
+
 // ReadyNodes returns ready nodes irrespective of whether they are
 // schedulable or not.
 func ReadyNodes(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, nodeLister listersv1.NodeLister, nodeSelector string) ([]*v1.Node, error) {
@@ -104,90 +109,96 @@ func IsReady(node *v1.Node) bool {
 // This function is used when the NodeFit pod filtering feature of the Descheduler is enabled.
 // This function currently considers a subset of the Kubernetes Scheduler's predicates when
 // deciding if a pod would fit on a node, but more predicates may be added in the future.
-func NodeFit(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) []error {
+// There should be no methods to modify nodes or pods in this method.
+func NodeFit(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) error {
 	// Check node selector and required affinity
-	var errors []error
 	if ok, err := utils.PodMatchNodeSelector(pod, node); err != nil {
-		errors = append(errors, err)
+		return err
 	} else if !ok {
-		errors = append(errors, fmt.Errorf("pod node selector does not match the node label"))
+		return errors.New("pod node selector does not match the node label")
 	}
+
 	// Check taints (we only care about NoSchedule and NoExecute taints)
 	ok := utils.TolerationsTolerateTaintsWithFilter(pod.Spec.Tolerations, node.Spec.Taints, func(taint *v1.Taint) bool {
 		return taint.Effect == v1.TaintEffectNoSchedule || taint.Effect == v1.TaintEffectNoExecute
 	})
 	if !ok {
-		errors = append(errors, fmt.Errorf("pod does not tolerate taints on the node"))
+		return errors.New("pod does not tolerate taints on the node")
 	}
+
 	// Check if the pod can fit on a node based off it's requests
 	if pod.Spec.NodeName == "" || pod.Spec.NodeName != node.Name {
-		if ok, reqErrors := fitsRequest(nodeIndexer, pod, node); !ok {
-			errors = append(errors, reqErrors...)
+		if ok, reqError := fitsRequest(nodeIndexer, pod, node); !ok {
+			return reqError
 		}
 	}
+
 	// Check if node is schedulable
 	if IsNodeUnschedulable(node) {
-		errors = append(errors, fmt.Errorf("node is not schedulable"))
+		return errors.New("node is not schedulable")
 	}
 
 	// Check if pod matches inter-pod anti-affinity rule of pod on node
 	if match, err := podMatchesInterPodAntiAffinity(nodeIndexer, pod, node); err != nil {
-		errors = append(errors, err)
+		return err
 	} else if match {
-		errors = append(errors, fmt.Errorf("pod matches inter-pod anti-affinity rule of other pod on node"))
+		return errors.New("pod matches inter-pod anti-affinity rule of other pod on node")
 	}
 
-	return errors
+	return nil
+}
+
+func podFitsNodes(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, nodes []*v1.Node, excludeFilter func(pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) bool) bool {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var filteredLen int32
+	checkNode := func(i int) {
+		node := nodes[i]
+		if excludeFilter != nil && excludeFilter(pod, node) {
+			return
+		}
+		err := NodeFit(nodeIndexer, pod, node)
+		if err == nil {
+			klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod fits on node", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "node", klog.KObj(node))
+			atomic.AddInt32(&filteredLen, 1)
+			cancel()
+		} else {
+			klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod does not fit on node", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "node", klog.KObj(node), "err", err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Stops searching for more nodes once a node are found.
+	workqueue.ParallelizeUntil(ctx, workersCount, len(nodes), checkNode)
+
+	return filteredLen > 0
 }
 
 // PodFitsAnyOtherNode checks if the given pod will fit any of the given nodes, besides the node
 // the pod is already running on. The predicates used to determine if the pod will fit can be found in the NodeFit function.
 func PodFitsAnyOtherNode(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, nodes []*v1.Node) bool {
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		// Skip node pod is already on
-		if node.Name == pod.Spec.NodeName {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		errors := NodeFit(nodeIndexer, pod, node)
-		if len(errors) == 0 {
-			klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod fits on node", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "node", klog.KObj(node))
-			return true
-		}
-		klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod does not fit on any other node",
-			"pod:", klog.KObj(pod), "node:", klog.KObj(node), "error:", utilerrors.NewAggregate(errors).Error())
-	}
-
-	return false
+	return podFitsNodes(nodeIndexer, pod, nodes, func(pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) bool {
+		return pod.Spec.NodeName == node.Name
+	})
 }
 
 // PodFitsAnyNode checks if the given pod will fit any of the given nodes. The predicates used
 // to determine if the pod will fit can be found in the NodeFit function.
 func PodFitsAnyNode(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, nodes []*v1.Node) bool {
-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		errors := NodeFit(nodeIndexer, pod, node)
-		if len(errors) == 0 {
-			klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod fits on node", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "node", klog.KObj(node))
-			return true
-		}
-		klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod does not fit on any node",
-			"pod:", klog.KObj(pod), "node:", klog.KObj(node), "error:", utilerrors.NewAggregate(errors).Error())
-	}
-
-	return false
+	return podFitsNodes(nodeIndexer, pod, nodes, nil)
 }
 
 // PodFitsCurrentNode checks if the given pod will fit onto the given node. The predicates used
 // to determine if the pod will fit can be found in the NodeFit function.
 func PodFitsCurrentNode(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) bool {
-	errors := NodeFit(nodeIndexer, pod, node)
-	if len(errors) == 0 {
+	err := NodeFit(nodeIndexer, pod, node)
+	if err == nil {
 		klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod fits on node", "pod", klog.KObj(pod), "node", klog.KObj(node))
 		return true
 	}
 
 	klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod does not fit on current node",
-		"pod:", klog.KObj(pod), "node:", klog.KObj(node), "error:", utilerrors.NewAggregate(errors).Error())
+		"pod", klog.KObj(pod), "node", klog.KObj(node), "error", err)
 
 	return false
 }
@@ -200,53 +211,61 @@ func IsNodeUnschedulable(node *v1.Node) bool {
 
 // fitsRequest determines if a pod can fit on a node based on its resource requests. It returns true if
 // the pod will fit.
-func fitsRequest(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) (bool, []error) {
-	var insufficientResources []error
-
+func fitsRequest(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) (bool, error) {
 	// Get pod requests
 	podRequests, _ := utils.PodRequestsAndLimits(pod)
-	resourceNames := make([]v1.ResourceName, 0, len(podRequests))
+	resourceNames := []v1.ResourceName{v1.ResourcePods}
 	for name := range podRequests {
 		resourceNames = append(resourceNames, name)
 	}
 
-	availableResources, err := nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer, node, resourceNames)
+	availableResources, err := nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer, node, resourceNames,
+		func(pod *v1.Pod) (v1.ResourceList, error) {
+			req, _ := utils.PodRequestsAndLimits(pod)
+			return req, nil
+		},
+	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, []error{err}
+		return false, err
 	}
 
-	podFitsOnNode := true
 	for _, resource := range resourceNames {
 		podResourceRequest := podRequests[resource]
 		availableResource, ok := availableResources[resource]
 		if !ok || podResourceRequest.MilliValue() > availableResource.MilliValue() {
-			insufficientResources = append(insufficientResources, fmt.Errorf("insufficient %v", resource))
-			podFitsOnNode = false
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("insufficient %v", resource)
 		}
 	}
 	// check pod num, at least one pod number is avaibalbe
-	if availableResources[v1.ResourcePods].MilliValue() <= 0 {
-		insufficientResources = append(insufficientResources, fmt.Errorf("insufficient %v", v1.ResourcePods))
-		podFitsOnNode = false
+	if quantity, ok := availableResources[v1.ResourcePods]; ok && quantity.MilliValue() <= 0 {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("insufficient %v", v1.ResourcePods)
 	}
 
-	return podFitsOnNode, insufficientResources
+	return true, nil
 }
 
 // nodeAvailableResources returns resources mapped to the quanitity available on the node.
-func nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, node *v1.Node, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
+func nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, node *v1.Node, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName, podUtilization podutil.PodUtilizationFnc) (api.ReferencedResourceList, error) {
 	podsOnNode, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, nodeIndexer, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	nodeUtilization := NodeUtilization(podsOnNode, resourceNames)
-	remainingResources := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-		v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Cpu().MilliValue()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), resource.DecimalSI),
-		v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Memory().Value()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceMemory].Value(), resource.BinarySI),
-		v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Pods().Value()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourcePods].Value(), resource.DecimalSI),
+	nodeUtilization, err := NodeUtilization(podsOnNode, resourceNames, podUtilization)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	remainingResources := api.ReferencedResourceList{}
 	for _, name := range resourceNames {
-		if !IsBasicResource(name) {
+		if IsBasicResource(name) {
+			switch name {
+			case v1.ResourceCPU:
+				remainingResources[name] = resource.NewMilliQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Cpu().MilliValue()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), resource.DecimalSI)
+			case v1.ResourceMemory:
+				remainingResources[name] = resource.NewQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Memory().Value()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceMemory].Value(), resource.BinarySI)
+			case v1.ResourcePods:
+				remainingResources[name] = resource.NewQuantity(node.Status.Allocatable.Pods().Value()-nodeUtilization[v1.ResourcePods].Value(), resource.DecimalSI)
+			}
+		} else {
 			if _, exists := node.Status.Allocatable[name]; exists {
 				allocatableResource := node.Status.Allocatable[name]
 				remainingResources[name] = resource.NewQuantity(allocatableResource.Value()-nodeUtilization[name].Value(), resource.DecimalSI)
@@ -260,31 +279,37 @@ func nodeAvailableResources(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc, node
 }
 
 // NodeUtilization returns the resources requested by the given pods. Only resources supplied in the resourceNames parameter are calculated.
-func NodeUtilization(pods []*v1.Pod, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName) map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity {
-	totalReqs := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-		v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI),
-		v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.BinarySI),
-		v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(int64(len(pods)), resource.DecimalSI),
-	}
+func NodeUtilization(pods []*v1.Pod, resourceNames []v1.ResourceName, podUtilization podutil.PodUtilizationFnc) (api.ReferencedResourceList, error) {
+	totalUtilization := api.ReferencedResourceList{}
 	for _, name := range resourceNames {
-		if !IsBasicResource(name) {
-			totalReqs[name] = resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
+		switch name {
+		case v1.ResourceCPU:
+			totalUtilization[name] = resource.NewMilliQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
+		case v1.ResourceMemory:
+			totalUtilization[name] = resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.BinarySI)
+		case v1.ResourcePods:
+			totalUtilization[name] = resource.NewQuantity(int64(len(pods)), resource.DecimalSI)
+		default:
+			totalUtilization[name] = resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
 		}
 	}
 
 	for _, pod := range pods {
-		req, _ := utils.PodRequestsAndLimits(pod)
+		podUtil, err := podUtilization(pod)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		for _, name := range resourceNames {
-			quantity, ok := req[name]
+			quantity, ok := podUtil[name]
 			if ok && name != v1.ResourcePods {
 				// As Quantity.Add says: Add adds the provided y quantity to the current value. If the current value is zero,
 				// the format of the quantity will be updated to the format of y.
-				totalReqs[name].Add(quantity)
+				totalUtilization[name].Add(quantity)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return totalReqs
+	return totalUtilization, nil
 }
 
 // IsBasicResource checks if resource is basic native.
@@ -343,9 +368,30 @@ func podMatchesInterPodAntiAffinity(nodeIndexer podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFun
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("error listing all pods: %v", err)
 	}
+	assignedPodsInNamespace := podutil.GroupByNamespace(podsOnNode)
 
-	podsInANamespace := podutil.GroupByNamespace(podsOnNode)
-	nodeMap := utils.CreateNodeMap([]*v1.Node{node})
+	for _, term := range utils.GetPodAntiAffinityTerms(pod.Spec.Affinity.PodAntiAffinity) {
+		namespaces := utils.GetNamespacesFromPodAffinityTerm(pod, &term)
+		selector, err := metav1.LabelSelectorAsSelector(term.LabelSelector)
+		if err != nil {
+			klog.ErrorS(err, "Unable to convert LabelSelector into Selector")
+			return false, err
+		}
 
-	return utils.CheckPodsWithAntiAffinityExist(pod, podsInANamespace, nodeMap), nil
+		for namespace := range namespaces {
+			for _, assignedPod := range assignedPodsInNamespace[namespace] {
+				if assignedPod.Name == pod.Name || !utils.PodMatchesTermsNamespaceAndSelector(assignedPod, namespaces, selector) {
+					klog.V(4).InfoS("Pod doesn't match inter-pod anti-affinity rule of assigned pod on node", "candidatePod", klog.KObj(pod), "assignedPod", klog.KObj(assignedPod))
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if _, ok := node.Labels[term.TopologyKey]; ok {
+					klog.V(1).InfoS("Pod matches inter-pod anti-affinity rule of assigned pod on node", "candidatePod", klog.KObj(pod), "assignedPod", klog.KObj(assignedPod))
+					return true, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
 }

pkg/descheduler/node/node_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package node
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ func TestPodFitsAnyOtherNode(t *testing.T) {
 	nodeTaintValue := "gpu"
 
 	// Staging node has no scheduling restrictions, but the pod always starts here and PodFitsAnyOtherNode() doesn't take into account the node the pod is running on.
-	nodeNames := []string{"node1", "node2", "stagingNode"}
+	nodeNames := []string{"node1", "node2", "stagingNode", "node4"}
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		description string
@@ -716,6 +717,151 @@ func TestPodFitsAnyOtherNode(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			success: false,
 		},
+		{
+			description: "There are four nodes. One node has a taint, and the other three nodes do not meet the resource requirements, should fail",
+			pod: test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 2*1000*1000*1000, nodeNames[2], func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+				pod.Spec.NodeSelector = map[string]string{
+					nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+				}
+				pod.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(10*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+			}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[0], 64000, 128*1000*1000*1000, 200, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
+						nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+					}
+
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(1000*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+					node.Spec.Taints = []v1.Taint{
+						{
+							Key:    nodeTaintKey,
+							Value:  nodeTaintValue,
+							Effect: v1.TaintEffectNoSchedule,
+						},
+					}
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[1], 3000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
+						nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+					}
+
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(200*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[2], 3000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, nil),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[3], 0, 0, 0, nil),
+			},
+			podsOnNodes: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("3-core-pod", 2000, 4*1000*1000*1000, nodeNames[1], func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta = metav1.ObjectMeta{
+						Namespace: "test",
+						Labels: map[string]string{
+							"test": "true",
+						},
+					}
+					pod.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(10*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+					pod.Spec.Overhead = createResourceList(1000, 1000*1000*1000, 1000*1000*1000)
+				}),
+			},
+			success: false,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "There are four nodes. First node has a taint, second node has no label, third node do not meet the resource requirements, just fourth node meets the requirements, should success",
+			pod: test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 2*1000*1000*1000, nodeNames[2], func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+				pod.Spec.NodeSelector = map[string]string{
+					nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+				}
+				pod.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(10*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+			}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[0], 64000, 128*1000*1000*1000, 200, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
+						nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+					}
+
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(1000*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+					node.Spec.Taints = []v1.Taint{
+						{
+							Key:    nodeTaintKey,
+							Value:  nodeTaintValue,
+							Effect: v1.TaintEffectNoSchedule,
+						},
+					}
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[1], 8000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(200*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[2], 1000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, nil),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[3], 8000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
+						nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+					}
+
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(1000*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+				}),
+			},
+			podsOnNodes: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("3-core-pod", 2000, 4*1000*1000*1000, nodeNames[1], func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta = metav1.ObjectMeta{
+						Namespace: "test",
+						Labels: map[string]string{
+							"test": "true",
+						},
+					}
+					pod.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(10*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+					pod.Spec.Overhead = createResourceList(1000, 1000*1000*1000, 1000*1000*1000)
+				}),
+			},
+			success: true,
+		},
+		{
+			description: "There are four nodes. First node has a taint, second node has no label, third node do not meet the resource requirements, fourth node is the one where the pod is located, should fail",
+			pod: test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 2*1000*1000*1000, nodeNames[3], func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+				pod.Spec.NodeSelector = map[string]string{
+					nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+				}
+				pod.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(10*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+			}),
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[0], 64000, 128*1000*1000*1000, 200, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
+						nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+					}
+
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(1000*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+					node.Spec.Taints = []v1.Taint{
+						{
+							Key:    nodeTaintKey,
+							Value:  nodeTaintValue,
+							Effect: v1.TaintEffectNoSchedule,
+						},
+					}
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[1], 8000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(200*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[2], 1000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, nil),
+				test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[3], 8000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
+						nodeLabelKey: nodeLabelValue,
+					}
+
+					node.Status.Allocatable[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(1000*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+				}),
+			},
+			podsOnNodes: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("3-core-pod", 2000, 4*1000*1000*1000, nodeNames[1], func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta = metav1.ObjectMeta{
+						Namespace: "test",
+						Labels: map[string]string{
+							"test": "true",
+						},
+					}
+					pod.Spec.Containers[0].Resources.Requests[v1.ResourceEphemeralStorage] = *resource.NewQuantity(10*1000*1000*1000, resource.DecimalSI)
+					pod.Spec.Overhead = createResourceList(1000, 1000*1000*1000, 1000*1000*1000)
+				}),
+			},
+			success: false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
@@ -753,12 +899,60 @@ func TestPodFitsAnyOtherNode(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestPodFitsNodes(t *testing.T) {
+	nodeNames := []string{"node1", "node2", "node3", "node4"}
+	pod := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 950, 2*1000*1000*1000, nodeNames[0], nil)
+	nodes := []*v1.Node{
+		test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[0], 1000, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, nil),
+		test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[1], 200, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, nil),
+		test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[2], 300, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, nil),
+		test.BuildTestNode(nodeNames[3], 400, 8*1000*1000*1000, 12, nil),
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var objs []runtime.Object
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		objs = append(objs, node)
+	}
+	objs = append(objs, pod)
+
+	fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
+
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
+
+	getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	var nodesTraversed sync.Map
+	podFitsNodes(getPodsAssignedToNode, pod, nodes, func(pod *v1.Pod, node *v1.Node) bool {
+		nodesTraversed.Store(node.Name, node)
+		return true
+	})
+
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		if _, exists := nodesTraversed.Load(node.Name); !exists {
+			t.Errorf("Node %v was not proccesed", node.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNodeFit(t *testing.T) {
 	node := test.BuildTestNode("node", 64000, 128*1000*1000*1000, 2, func(node *v1.Node) {
 		node.ObjectMeta.Labels = map[string]string{
 			"region": "main-region",
 		}
 	})
+
+	nodeNolabel := test.BuildTestNode("node", 64000, 128*1000*1000*1000, 2, nil)
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		description string
 		pod         *v1.Pod
@@ -767,7 +961,7 @@ func TestNodeFit(t *testing.T) {
 		err         error
 	}{
 		{
-			description: "insufficient cpu",
+			description: "Insufficient cpu",
 			pod:         test.BuildTestPod("p1", 10000, 2*1000*1000*1000, "", nil),
 			node:        node,
 			podsOnNode: []*v1.Pod{
@@ -776,7 +970,7 @@ func TestNodeFit(t *testing.T) {
 			err: errors.New("insufficient cpu"),
 		},
 		{
-			description: "insufficient pod num",
+			description: "Insufficient pod num",
 			pod:         test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 2*1000*1000*1000, "", nil),
 			node:        node,
 			podsOnNode: []*v1.Pod{
@@ -786,7 +980,7 @@ func TestNodeFit(t *testing.T) {
 			err: errors.New("insufficient pods"),
 		},
 		{
-			description: "matches inter-pod anti-affinity rule of pod on node",
+			description: "Pod matches inter-pod anti-affinity rule of other pod on node",
 			pod:         test.PodWithPodAntiAffinity(test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 1000, node.Name, nil), "foo", "bar"),
 			node:        node,
 			podsOnNode: []*v1.Pod{
@@ -795,11 +989,36 @@ func TestNodeFit(t *testing.T) {
 			err: errors.New("pod matches inter-pod anti-affinity rule of other pod on node"),
 		},
 		{
-			description: "pod fits on node",
+			description: "Pod doesn't match inter-pod anti-affinity rule of other pod on node, because pod and other pod is not same namespace",
+			pod:         test.PodWithPodAntiAffinity(test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 1000, node.Name, nil), "foo", "bar"),
+			node:        node,
+			podsOnNode: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.PodWithPodAntiAffinity(test.BuildTestPod("p2", 1000, 1000, node.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.Namespace = "test"
+				}), "foo", "bar"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Pod doesn't match inter-pod anti-affinity rule of other pod on node, because other pod not match labels of pod",
+			pod:         test.PodWithPodAntiAffinity(test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 1000, node.Name, nil), "foo", "bar"),
+			node:        node,
+			podsOnNode: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.PodWithPodAntiAffinity(test.BuildTestPod("p2", 1000, 1000, node.Name, nil), "foo1", "bar1"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Pod doesn't match inter-pod anti-affinity rule of other pod on node, because node have no topologyKey",
+			pod:         test.PodWithPodAntiAffinity(test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 1000, "node1", nil), "foo", "bar"),
+			node:        nodeNolabel,
+			podsOnNode: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.PodWithPodAntiAffinity(test.BuildTestPod("p2", 1000, 1000, node.Name, nil), "foo", "bar"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "Pod fits on node",
 			pod:         test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1000, 1000, "", func(pod *v1.Pod) {}),
 			node:        node,
 			podsOnNode:  []*v1.Pod{},
-			err:         nil,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -824,9 +1043,9 @@ func TestNodeFit(t *testing.T) {
 
 			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
 			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-			errs := NodeFit(getPodsAssignedToNode, tc.pod, tc.node)
-			if (len(errs) == 0 && tc.err != nil) || (len(errs) > 0 && errs[0].Error() != tc.err.Error()) {
-				t.Errorf("Test %#v failed, got %v, expect %v", tc.description, errs, tc.err)
+			err = NodeFit(getPodsAssignedToNode, tc.pod, tc.node)
+			if (err == nil && tc.err != nil) || (err != nil && err.Error() != tc.err.Error()) {
+				t.Errorf("Test %#v failed, got %v, expect %v", tc.description, err, tc.err)
 			}
 		})
 	}

pkg/descheduler/pod/pods.go

@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ type FilterFunc func(*v1.Pod) bool
 // as input and returns the pods that assigned to the node.
 type GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc func(string, FilterFunc) ([]*v1.Pod, error)
 
+// PodUtilizationFnc is a function for getting pod's utilization. E.g. requested resources of utilization from metrics.
+type PodUtilizationFnc func(pod *v1.Pod) (v1.ResourceList, error)
+
 // WrapFilterFuncs wraps a set of FilterFunc in one.
 func WrapFilterFuncs(filters ...FilterFunc) FilterFunc {
 	return func(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
@@ -99,9 +102,6 @@ func (o *Options) BuildFilterFunc() (FilterFunc, error) {
 		}
 	}
 	return func(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
-		if o.filter != nil && !o.filter(pod) {
-			return false
-		}
 		if len(o.includedNamespaces) > 0 && !o.includedNamespaces.Has(pod.Namespace) {
 			return false
 		}
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ func (o *Options) BuildFilterFunc() (FilterFunc, error) {
 		if s != nil && !s.Matches(labels.Set(pod.GetLabels())) {
 			return false
 		}
+		if o.filter != nil && !o.filter(pod) {
+			return false
+		}
 		return true
 	}, nil
 }

pkg/descheduler/policyconfig.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package descheduler
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 
 	utilerrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/errors"
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha1"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/scheme"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func decode(policyConfigFile string, policy []byte, client clientset.Interface,
 	internalPolicy := &api.DeschedulerPolicy{}
 	var err error
 
-	decoder := scheme.Codecs.UniversalDecoder(v1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion, v1alpha2.SchemeGroupVersion, api.SchemeGroupVersion)
+	decoder := scheme.Codecs.UniversalDecoder(v1alpha2.SchemeGroupVersion, api.SchemeGroupVersion)
 	if err := runtime.DecodeInto(decoder, policy, internalPolicy); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed decoding descheduler's policy config %q: %v", policyConfigFile, err)
 	}
@@ -63,21 +63,22 @@ func decode(policyConfigFile string, policy []byte, client clientset.Interface,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	setDefaults(*internalPolicy, registry, client)
-
-	return internalPolicy, nil
+	return setDefaults(*internalPolicy, registry, client)
 }
 
-func setDefaults(in api.DeschedulerPolicy, registry pluginregistry.Registry, client clientset.Interface) *api.DeschedulerPolicy {
+func setDefaults(in api.DeschedulerPolicy, registry pluginregistry.Registry, client clientset.Interface) (*api.DeschedulerPolicy, error) {
+	var err error
 	for idx, profile := range in.Profiles {
 		// If we need to set defaults coming from loadtime in each profile we do it here
-		in.Profiles[idx] = setDefaultEvictor(profile, client)
+		in.Profiles[idx], err = setDefaultEvictor(profile, client)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		for _, pluginConfig := range profile.PluginConfigs {
 			setDefaultsPluginConfig(&pluginConfig, registry)
 		}
 	}
-	return &in
+	return &in, nil
 }
 
 func setDefaultsPluginConfig(pluginConfig *api.PluginConfig, registry pluginregistry.Registry) {
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func findPluginName(names []string, key string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func setDefaultEvictor(profile api.DeschedulerProfile, client clientset.Interface) api.DeschedulerProfile {
+func setDefaultEvictor(profile api.DeschedulerProfile, client clientset.Interface) (api.DeschedulerProfile, error) {
 	newPluginConfig := api.PluginConfig{
 		Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
 		Args: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ func setDefaultEvictor(profile api.DeschedulerProfile, client clientset.Interfac
 			EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
 			IgnorePvcPods:           false,
 			EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
+			IgnorePodsWithoutPDB:    false,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -128,18 +130,19 @@ func setDefaultEvictor(profile api.DeschedulerProfile, client clientset.Interfac
 	thresholdPriority, err := utils.GetPriorityValueFromPriorityThreshold(context.TODO(), client, defaultevictorPluginConfig.Args.(*defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs).PriorityThreshold)
 	if err != nil {
 		klog.Error(err, "Failed to get threshold priority from args")
+		return profile, err
 	}
 	profile.PluginConfigs[idx].Args.(*defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs).PriorityThreshold = &api.PriorityThreshold{}
 	profile.PluginConfigs[idx].Args.(*defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs).PriorityThreshold.Value = &thresholdPriority
-	return profile
+	return profile, nil
 }
 
 func validateDeschedulerConfiguration(in api.DeschedulerPolicy, registry pluginregistry.Registry) error {
-	var errorsInProfiles []error
+	var errorsInPolicy []error
 	for _, profile := range in.Profiles {
 		for _, pluginConfig := range profile.PluginConfigs {
 			if _, ok := registry[pluginConfig.Name]; !ok {
-				errorsInProfiles = append(errorsInProfiles, fmt.Errorf("in profile %s: plugin %s in pluginConfig not registered", profile.Name, pluginConfig.Name))
+				errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("in profile %s: plugin %s in pluginConfig not registered", profile.Name, pluginConfig.Name))
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -148,9 +151,46 @@ func validateDeschedulerConfiguration(in api.DeschedulerPolicy, registry pluginr
 				continue
 			}
 			if err := pluginUtilities.PluginArgValidator(pluginConfig.Args); err != nil {
-				errorsInProfiles = append(errorsInProfiles, fmt.Errorf("in profile %s: %s", profile.Name, err.Error()))
+				errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("in profile %s: %s", profile.Name, err.Error()))
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return utilerrors.NewAggregate(errorsInProfiles)
+	providers := map[api.MetricsSource]api.MetricsProvider{}
+	for _, provider := range in.MetricsProviders {
+		if _, ok := providers[provider.Source]; ok {
+			errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("metric provider %q is already configured, each source can be configured only once", provider.Source))
+		} else {
+			providers[provider.Source] = provider
+		}
+	}
+	if _, exists := providers[api.KubernetesMetrics]; exists && in.MetricsCollector != nil && in.MetricsCollector.Enabled {
+		errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("it is not allowed to combine metrics provider when metrics collector is enabled"))
+	}
+	if prometheusConfig, exists := providers[api.PrometheusMetrics]; exists {
+		if prometheusConfig.Prometheus == nil {
+			errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("prometheus configuration is required when prometheus source is enabled"))
+		} else {
+			if prometheusConfig.Prometheus.URL == "" {
+				errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("prometheus URL is required when prometheus is enabled"))
+			} else {
+				u, err := url.Parse(prometheusConfig.Prometheus.URL)
+				if err != nil {
+					errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("error parsing prometheus URL: %v", err))
+				} else if u.Scheme != "https" {
+					errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("prometheus URL's scheme is not https, got %q instead", u.Scheme))
+				}
+			}
+
+			if prometheusConfig.Prometheus.AuthToken != nil {
+				secretRef := prometheusConfig.Prometheus.AuthToken.SecretReference
+				if secretRef == nil {
+					errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("prometheus authToken secret is expected to be set when authToken field is"))
+				} else if secretRef.Name == "" || secretRef.Namespace == "" {
+					errorsInPolicy = append(errorsInPolicy, fmt.Errorf("prometheus authToken secret reference does not set both namespace and name"))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return utilerrors.NewAggregate(errorsInPolicy)
 }

pkg/descheduler/scheme/scheme.go

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/serializer"
 	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha1"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig"
 	componentconfigv1alpha1 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1"
@@ -57,10 +56,8 @@ func init() {
 
 	utilruntime.Must(componentconfig.AddToScheme(Scheme))
 	utilruntime.Must(componentconfigv1alpha1.AddToScheme(Scheme))
-	utilruntime.Must(v1alpha1.AddToScheme(Scheme))
 	utilruntime.Must(v1alpha2.AddToScheme(Scheme))
 	utilruntime.Must(Scheme.SetVersionPriority(
 		v1alpha2.SchemeGroupVersion,
-		v1alpha1.SchemeGroupVersion,
 	))
 }

pkg/features/features.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package features
+
+import (
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Every feature gate should add method here following this template:
+	//
+	// // owner: @username
+	// // kep: kep link
+	// // alpha: v1.X
+	// MyFeature featuregate.Feature = "MyFeature"
+	//
+	// Feature gates should be listed in alphabetical, case-sensitive
+	// (upper before any lower case character) order. This reduces the risk
+	// of code conflicts because changes are more likely to be scattered
+	// across the file.
+
+	// owner: @ingvagabund
+	// kep: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/issues/1397
+	// alpha: v1.31
+	//
+	// Enable evictions in background so users can create their own eviction policies
+	// as an alternative to immediate evictions.
+	EvictionsInBackground featuregate.Feature = "EvictionsInBackground"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	runtime.Must(DefaultMutableFeatureGate.Add(defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates))
+}
+
+// defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates consists of all known descheduler-specific feature keys.
+// To add a new feature, define a key for it above and add it here. The features will be
+// available throughout descheduler binary.
+//
+// Entries are separated from each other with blank lines to avoid sweeping gofmt changes
+// when adding or removing one entry.
+var defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates = map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
+	EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
+}
+
+// DefaultMutableFeatureGate is a mutable version of DefaultFeatureGate.
+// Only top-level commands/options setup and the k8s.io/component-base/featuregate/testing package should make use of this.
+// Tests that need to modify feature gates for the duration of their test should use:
+//
+//	defer featuregatetesting.SetFeatureGateDuringTest(t, utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate, features.<FeatureName>, <value>)()
+var DefaultMutableFeatureGate featuregate.MutableFeatureGate = featuregate.NewFeatureGate()

pkg/framework/fake/fake.go

@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ import (
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
+
+	promapi "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api"
 )
 
 type HandleImpl struct {
@@ -18,6 +21,8 @@ type HandleImpl struct {
 	SharedInformerFactoryImpl     informers.SharedInformerFactory
 	EvictorFilterImpl             frameworktypes.EvictorPlugin
 	PodEvictorImpl                *evictions.PodEvictor
+	MetricsCollectorImpl          *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
+	PrometheusClientImpl          promapi.Client
 }
 
 var _ frameworktypes.Handle = &HandleImpl{}
@@ -26,6 +31,14 @@ func (hi *HandleImpl) ClientSet() clientset.Interface {
 	return hi.ClientsetImpl
 }
 
+func (hi *HandleImpl) PrometheusClient() promapi.Client {
+	return hi.PrometheusClientImpl
+}
+
+func (hi *HandleImpl) MetricsCollector() *metricscollector.MetricsCollector {
+	return hi.MetricsCollectorImpl
+}
+
 func (hi *HandleImpl) GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc() podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc {
 	return hi.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl
 }
@@ -46,10 +59,6 @@ func (hi *HandleImpl) PreEvictionFilter(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
 	return hi.EvictorFilterImpl.PreEvictionFilter(pod)
 }
 
-func (hi *HandleImpl) Evict(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts evictions.EvictOptions) bool {
+func (hi *HandleImpl) Evict(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts evictions.EvictOptions) error {
 	return hi.PodEvictorImpl.EvictPod(ctx, pod, opts)
 }
-
-func (hi *HandleImpl) NodeLimitExceeded(node *v1.Node) bool {
-	return hi.PodEvictorImpl.NodeLimitExceeded(node)
-}

pkg/framework/fake/plugin/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"time"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ func HaveEvictAnnotation(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
 }
 
 // New builds plugin from its arguments while passing a handle
+// nolint: gocyclo
 func New(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (frameworktypes.Plugin, error) {
 	defaultEvictorArgs, ok := args.(*DefaultEvictorArgs)
 	if !ok {
@@ -185,6 +187,28 @@ func New(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (frameworktypes.Plug
 		})
 	}
 
+	if defaultEvictorArgs.MinPodAge != nil {
+		ev.constraints = append(ev.constraints, func(pod *v1.Pod) error {
+			if pod.Status.StartTime == nil || time.Since(pod.Status.StartTime.Time) < defaultEvictorArgs.MinPodAge.Duration {
+				return fmt.Errorf("pod age is not older than MinPodAge: %s seconds", defaultEvictorArgs.MinPodAge.String())
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+
+	if defaultEvictorArgs.IgnorePodsWithoutPDB {
+		ev.constraints = append(ev.constraints, func(pod *v1.Pod) error {
+			hasPdb, err := utils.IsPodCoveredByPDB(pod, handle.SharedInformerFactory().Policy().V1().PodDisruptionBudgets().Lister())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to check if pod is covered by PodDisruptionBudget: %w", err)
+			}
+			if !hasPdb {
+				return fmt.Errorf("no PodDisruptionBudget found for pod")
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+
 	return ev, nil
 }
 
@@ -244,6 +268,15 @@ func (d *DefaultEvictor) Filter(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
 
 func getPodIndexerByOwnerRefs(indexName string, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (cache.Indexer, error) {
 	podInformer := handle.SharedInformerFactory().Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
+	indexer := podInformer.GetIndexer()
+
+	// do not reinitialize the indexer, if it's been defined already
+	for name := range indexer.GetIndexers() {
+		if name == indexName {
+			return indexer, nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	if err := podInformer.AddIndexers(cache.Indexers{
 		indexName: func(obj interface{}) ([]string, error) {
 			pod, ok := obj.(*v1.Pod)
@@ -257,6 +290,5 @@ func getPodIndexerByOwnerRefs(indexName string, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (c
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	indexer := podInformer.GetIndexer()
 	return indexer, nil
 }

pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor_test.go

@@ -15,9 +15,14 @@ package defaultevictor
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/uuid"
@@ -31,6 +36,23 @@ import (
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )
 
+type testCase struct {
+	description             string
+	pods                    []*v1.Pod
+	nodes                   []*v1.Node
+	pdbs                    []*policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget
+	evictFailedBarePods     bool
+	evictLocalStoragePods   bool
+	evictSystemCriticalPods bool
+	ignorePvcPods           bool
+	priorityThreshold       *int32
+	nodeFit                 bool
+	minReplicas             uint
+	minPodAge               *metav1.Duration
+	result                  bool
+	ignorePodsWithoutPDB    bool
+}
+
 func TestDefaultEvictorPreEvictionFilter(t *testing.T) {
 	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("node1", 1000, 2000, 13, nil)
 
@@ -39,17 +61,6 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorPreEvictionFilter(t *testing.T) {
 
 	nodeLabelKey := "datacenter"
 	nodeLabelValue := "east"
-	type testCase struct {
-		description             string
-		pods                    []*v1.Pod
-		nodes                   []*v1.Node
-		evictFailedBarePods     bool
-		evictLocalStoragePods   bool
-		evictSystemCriticalPods bool
-		priorityThreshold       *int32
-		nodeFit                 bool
-		result                  bool
-	}
 
 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
@@ -305,45 +316,7 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorPreEvictionFilter(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 			defer cancel()
 
-			var objs []runtime.Object
-			for _, node := range test.nodes {
-				objs = append(objs, node)
-			}
-			for _, pod := range test.pods {
-				objs = append(objs, pod)
-			}
-
-			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
-
-			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
-			podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
-
-			getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-			defaultEvictorArgs := &DefaultEvictorArgs{
-				EvictLocalStoragePods:   test.evictLocalStoragePods,
-				EvictSystemCriticalPods: test.evictSystemCriticalPods,
-				IgnorePvcPods:           false,
-				EvictFailedBarePods:     test.evictFailedBarePods,
-				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
-					Value: test.priorityThreshold,
-				},
-				NodeFit: test.nodeFit,
-			}
-
-			evictorPlugin, err := New(
-				defaultEvictorArgs,
-				&frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
-					ClientsetImpl:                 fakeClient,
-					GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl: getPodsAssignedToNode,
-					SharedInformerFactoryImpl:     sharedInformerFactory,
-				})
+			evictorPlugin, err := initializePlugin(ctx, test)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -361,24 +334,13 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 	lowPriority := int32(800)
 	highPriority := int32(900)
 
+	minPodAge := metav1.Duration{Duration: 50 * time.Minute}
+
 	nodeTaintKey := "hardware"
 	nodeTaintValue := "gpu"
 
 	ownerRefUUID := uuid.NewUUID()
 
-	type testCase struct {
-		description             string
-		pods                    []*v1.Pod
-		nodes                   []*v1.Node
-		evictFailedBarePods     bool
-		evictLocalStoragePods   bool
-		evictSystemCriticalPods bool
-		priorityThreshold       *int32
-		nodeFit                 bool
-		minReplicas             uint
-		result                  bool
-	}
-
 	testCases := []testCase{
 		{
 			description: "Failed pod eviction with no ownerRefs",
@@ -749,6 +711,97 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			minReplicas: 2,
 			result:      true,
+		}, {
+			description: "minPodAge of 50, pod created 10 minutes ago, no eviction",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					podStartTime := metav1.Now().Add(time.Minute * time.Duration(-10))
+					pod.Status.StartTime = &metav1.Time{Time: podStartTime}
+				}),
+			},
+			minPodAge: &minPodAge,
+			result:    false,
+		}, {
+			description: "minPodAge of 50, pod created 60 minutes ago, evicts",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					podStartTime := metav1.Now().Add(time.Minute * time.Duration(-60))
+					pod.Status.StartTime = &metav1.Time{Time: podStartTime}
+				}),
+			},
+			minPodAge: &minPodAge,
+			result:    true,
+		}, {
+			description: "nil minPodAge, pod created 60 minutes ago, evicts",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					podStartTime := metav1.Now().Add(time.Minute * time.Duration(-60))
+					pod.Status.StartTime = &metav1.Time{Time: podStartTime}
+				}),
+			},
+			result: true,
+		}, {
+			description: "ignorePodsWithoutPDB, pod with no PDBs, no eviction",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					pod.Labels = map[string]string{
+						"app": "foo",
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			ignorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
+			result:               false,
+		}, {
+			description: "ignorePodsWithoutPDB, pod with PDBs, evicts",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					pod.Labels = map[string]string{
+						"app": "foo",
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			pdbs: []*policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget{
+				test.BuildTestPDB("pdb1", "foo"),
+			},
+			ignorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
+			result:               true,
+		}, {
+			description: "ignorePvcPods is set, pod with PVC, not evicts",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p15", 400, 0, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					pod.Spec.Volumes = []v1.Volume{
+						{
+							Name: "pvc", VolumeSource: v1.VolumeSource{
+								PersistentVolumeClaim: &v1.PersistentVolumeClaimVolumeSource{ClaimName: "foo"},
+							},
+						},
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			ignorePvcPods: true,
+			result:        false,
+		}, {
+			description: "ignorePvcPods is not set, pod with PVC, evicts",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p15", 400, 0, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+					pod.Spec.Volumes = []v1.Volume{
+						{
+							Name: "pvc", VolumeSource: v1.VolumeSource{
+								PersistentVolumeClaim: &v1.PersistentVolumeClaimVolumeSource{ClaimName: "foo"},
+							},
+						},
+					}
+				}),
+			},
+			ignorePvcPods: false,
+			result:        true,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -757,46 +810,7 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 			defer cancel()
 
-			var objs []runtime.Object
-			for _, node := range test.nodes {
-				objs = append(objs, node)
-			}
-			for _, pod := range test.pods {
-				objs = append(objs, pod)
-			}
-
-			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
-
-			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
-			podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
-
-			getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-			defaultEvictorArgs := &DefaultEvictorArgs{
-				EvictLocalStoragePods:   test.evictLocalStoragePods,
-				EvictSystemCriticalPods: test.evictSystemCriticalPods,
-				IgnorePvcPods:           false,
-				EvictFailedBarePods:     test.evictFailedBarePods,
-				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
-					Value: test.priorityThreshold,
-				},
-				NodeFit:     test.nodeFit,
-				MinReplicas: test.minReplicas,
-			}
-
-			evictorPlugin, err := New(
-				defaultEvictorArgs,
-				&frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
-					ClientsetImpl:                 fakeClient,
-					GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl: getPodsAssignedToNode,
-					SharedInformerFactoryImpl:     sharedInformerFactory,
-				})
+			evictorPlugin, err := initializePlugin(ctx, test)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -808,3 +822,100 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestReinitialization(t *testing.T) {
+	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("node1", 1000, 2000, 13, nil)
+	ownerRefUUID := uuid.NewUUID()
+
+	testCases := []testCase{
+		{
+			description: "minReplicas of 2, multiple owners, eviction",
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = append(test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList(), test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()...)
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences[0].UID = ownerRefUUID
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
+				}),
+			},
+			minReplicas: 2,
+			result:      true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range testCases {
+		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+
+			evictorPlugin, err := initializePlugin(ctx, test)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			defaultEvictor, ok := evictorPlugin.(*DefaultEvictor)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize as a DefaultEvictor plugin")
+			}
+			_, err = New(defaultEvictor.args, defaultEvictor.handle)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to reinitialize the plugin: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func initializePlugin(ctx context.Context, test testCase) (frameworktypes.Plugin, error) {
+	var objs []runtime.Object
+	for _, node := range test.nodes {
+		objs = append(objs, node)
+	}
+	for _, pod := range test.pods {
+		objs = append(objs, pod)
+	}
+	for _, pdb := range test.pdbs {
+		objs = append(objs, pdb)
+	}
+
+	fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
+
+	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
+	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
+	_ = sharedInformerFactory.Policy().V1().PodDisruptionBudgets().Lister()
+
+	getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
+	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+
+	defaultEvictorArgs := &DefaultEvictorArgs{
+		EvictLocalStoragePods:   test.evictLocalStoragePods,
+		EvictSystemCriticalPods: test.evictSystemCriticalPods,
+		IgnorePvcPods:           test.ignorePvcPods,
+		EvictFailedBarePods:     test.evictFailedBarePods,
+		PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
+			Value: test.priorityThreshold,
+		},
+		NodeFit:              test.nodeFit,
+		MinReplicas:          test.minReplicas,
+		MinPodAge:            test.minPodAge,
+		IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: test.ignorePodsWithoutPDB,
+	}
+
+	evictorPlugin, err := New(
+		defaultEvictorArgs,
+		&frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
+			ClientsetImpl:                 fakeClient,
+			GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl: getPodsAssignedToNode,
+			SharedInformerFactoryImpl:     sharedInformerFactory,
+		})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return evictorPlugin, nil
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaults_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	utilruntime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/utils/pointer"
+	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 )
 
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				LabelSelector:           nil,
 				PriorityThreshold:       nil,
 				NodeFit:                 false,
+				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB:    false,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -55,9 +56,10 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				EvictFailedBarePods:     true,
 				LabelSelector:           nil,
 				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
-					Value: pointer.Int32(800),
+					Value: utilptr.To[int32](800),
 				},
-				NodeFit: true,
+				NodeFit:              true,
+				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
 			},
 			want: &DefaultEvictorArgs{
 				NodeSelector:            "NodeSelector",
@@ -68,9 +70,10 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				EvictFailedBarePods:     true,
 				LabelSelector:           nil,
 				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
-					Value: pointer.Int32(800),
+					Value: utilptr.To[int32](800),
 				},
-				NodeFit: true,
+				NodeFit:              true,
+				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
 			},
 		},
 	}

pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/types.go

@@ -25,14 +25,16 @@ import (
 type DefaultEvictorArgs struct {
 	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
 
-	NodeSelector            string                 `json:"nodeSelector"`
-	EvictLocalStoragePods   bool                   `json:"evictLocalStoragePods"`
-	EvictDaemonSetPods      bool                   `json:"evictDaemonSetPods"`
-	EvictSystemCriticalPods bool                   `json:"evictSystemCriticalPods"`
-	IgnorePvcPods           bool                   `json:"ignorePvcPods"`
-	EvictFailedBarePods     bool                   `json:"evictFailedBarePods"`
-	LabelSelector           *metav1.LabelSelector  `json:"labelSelector"`
-	PriorityThreshold       *api.PriorityThreshold `json:"priorityThreshold"`
-	NodeFit                 bool                   `json:"nodeFit"`
-	MinReplicas             uint                   `json:"minReplicas"`
+	NodeSelector            string                 `json:"nodeSelector,omitempty"`
+	EvictLocalStoragePods   bool                   `json:"evictLocalStoragePods,omitempty"`
+	EvictDaemonSetPods      bool                   `json:"evictDaemonSetPods,omitempty"`
+	EvictSystemCriticalPods bool                   `json:"evictSystemCriticalPods,omitempty"`
+	IgnorePvcPods           bool                   `json:"ignorePvcPods,omitempty"`
+	EvictFailedBarePods     bool                   `json:"evictFailedBarePods,omitempty"`
+	LabelSelector           *metav1.LabelSelector  `json:"labelSelector,omitempty"`
+	PriorityThreshold       *api.PriorityThreshold `json:"priorityThreshold,omitempty"`
+	NodeFit                 bool                   `json:"nodeFit,omitempty"`
+	MinReplicas             uint                   `json:"minReplicas,omitempty"`
+	MinPodAge               *metav1.Duration       `json:"minPodAge,omitempty"`
+	IgnorePodsWithoutPDB    bool                   `json:"ignorePodsWithoutPDB,omitempty"`
 }

pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ func (in *DefaultEvictorArgs) DeepCopyInto(out *DefaultEvictorArgs) {
 		*out = new(api.PriorityThreshold)
 		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
 	}
+	if in.MinPodAge != nil {
+		in, out := &in.MinPodAge, &out.MinPodAge
+		*out = new(v1.Duration)
+		**out = **in
+	}
 	return
 }
 

pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.defaults.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated
 
 /*
-Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
 
 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

pkg/framework/plugins/example/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Descheduler Plugin: Example Implementation
+
+This directory provides an example plugin for the Kubernetes Descheduler,
+demonstrating how to evict pods based on custom criteria. The plugin targets
+pods based on:
+
+* **Name Regex:** Pods matching a specified regular expression.
+* **Age:** Pods older than a defined duration.
+* **Namespace:** Pods within or outside a given list of namespaces (inclusion
+  or exclusion).
+
+## Building and Integrating the Plugin
+
+To incorporate this plugin into your Descheduler build, you must register it
+within the Descheduler's plugin registry. Follow these steps:
+
+1.  **Register the Plugin:**
+    * Modify the `pkg/descheduler/setupplugins.go` file.
+    * Add the following registration line to the end of the
+      `RegisterDefaultPlugins()` function:
+
+    ```go
+    pluginregistry.Register(
+      example.PluginName,
+      example.New,
+      &example.Example{},
+      &example.ExampleArgs{},
+      example.ValidateExampleArgs,
+      example.SetDefaults_Example,
+      registry,
+    )
+    ```
+
+2.  **Generate Code:**
+    * If you modify the plugin's code, execute `make gen` before rebuilding the
+      Descheduler. This ensures generated code is up-to-date.
+
+3.  **Rebuild the Descheduler:**
+    * Build the descheduler with your changes.
+
+## Plugin Configuration
+
+Configure the plugin's behavior using the Descheduler's policy configuration.
+Here's an example:
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: descheduler/v1alpha2
+kind: DeschedulerPolicy
+profiles:
+- name: LifecycleAndUtilization
+  plugins:
+    deschedule:
+      enabled:
+        - Example
+  pluginConfig:
+  - name: Example
+    args:
+      regex: ^descheduler-test.*$
+      maxAge: 3m
+      namespaces:
+        include:
+        - default
+```
+
+## Explanation
+
+- `regex: ^descheduler-test.*$`: Evicts pods whose names match the regular
+  expression `^descheduler-test.*$`.
+- `maxAge: 3m`: Evicts pods older than 3 minutes.
+- `namespaces.include: - default`: Evicts pods within the default namespace.
+
+This configuration will cause the plugin to evict pods that meet all three
+criteria: matching the `regex`, exceeding the `maxAge`, and residing in the
+specified namespace.
+
+## Notes
+
+- This plugin is configured through the `ExampleArgs` struct, which defines the
+  plugin's parameters.
+- Plugins must implement a function to validate and another to set the default
+  values for their `Args` struct.
+- The fields in the `ExampleArgs` struct reflect directly into the
+  `DeschedulerPolicy` configuration.
+- Plugins must comply with the `DeschedulePlugin` interface to be registered
+  with the Descheduler.
+- The main functionality of the plugin is implemented in the `Deschedule()`
+  method, which is called by the Descheduler when the plugin is executed.
+- A good amount of descheduling logic can be achieved by means of filters.
+- Whenever a change in the Plugin's configuration is made the developer should
+  regenerate the code by running `make gen`.

pkg/framework/plugins/example/defaults.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package example
+
+import (
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+)
+
+func addDefaultingFuncs(scheme *runtime.Scheme) error {
+	return RegisterDefaults(scheme)
+}
+
+// SetDefaults_Example sets the default arguments for the Example plugin. On
+// this case we set the default regex to match only empty strings (this should
+// not ever match anything). The default maximum age for pods is set to 5
+// minutes.
+func SetDefaults_Example(obj runtime.Object) {
+	args := obj.(*ExampleArgs)
+	if args.Regex == "" {
+		args.Regex = "^$"
+	}
+	if args.MaxAge == "" {
+		args.MaxAge = "5m"
+	}
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/example/docs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// +k8s:defaulter-gen=TypeMeta
+
+package example

pkg/framework/plugins/example/example.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package example
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"time"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+
+	fwtypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+)
+
+// PluginName is used when registering the plugin. You need to choose a unique
+// name across all plugins. This name is used to identify the plugin config in
+// the descheduler policy.
+const PluginName = "Example"
+
+// We need to ensure that the plugin struct complies with the DeschedulePlugin
+// interface. This prevent unexpected changes that may render this type
+// incompatible.
+var _ fwtypes.DeschedulePlugin = &Example{}
+
+// Example is our plugin (implementing the DeschedulePlugin interface). This
+// plugin will evict pods that match a regex and are older than a certain age.
+type Example struct {
+	handle    fwtypes.Handle
+	args      *ExampleArgs
+	podFilter podutil.FilterFunc
+}
+
+// New builds a plugin instance from its arguments. Arguments are passed in as
+// a runtime.Object. Handle is used by plugins to retrieve a kubernetes client
+// set, evictor interface, shared informer factory and other instruments shared
+// across different plugins.
+func New(args runtime.Object, handle fwtypes.Handle) (fwtypes.Plugin, error) {
+	// make sure we are receiving the right argument type.
+	exampleArgs, ok := args.(*ExampleArgs)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("args must be of type ExampleArgs, got %T", args)
+	}
+
+	// we can use the included and excluded namespaces to filter the pods we want
+	// to evict.
+	var includedNamespaces, excludedNamespaces sets.Set[string]
+	if exampleArgs.Namespaces != nil {
+		includedNamespaces = sets.New(exampleArgs.Namespaces.Include...)
+		excludedNamespaces = sets.New(exampleArgs.Namespaces.Exclude...)
+	}
+
+	// here we create a pod filter that will return only pods that can be
+	// evicted (according to the evictor and inside the namespaces we want).
+	// NOTE: here we could also add a function to filter out by the regex and
+	// age but for sake of the example we are keeping it simple and filtering
+	// those out in the Deschedule() function.
+	podFilter, err := podutil.NewOptions().
+		WithNamespaces(includedNamespaces).
+		WithoutNamespaces(excludedNamespaces).
+		WithFilter(
+			podutil.WrapFilterFuncs(
+				handle.Evictor().Filter,
+				handle.Evictor().PreEvictionFilter,
+			),
+		).
+		BuildFilterFunc()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing pod filter function: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return &Example{
+		handle:    handle,
+		podFilter: podFilter,
+		args:      exampleArgs,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Name returns the plugin name.
+func (d *Example) Name() string {
+	return PluginName
+}
+
+// Deschedule is the function where most of the logic around eviction is laid
+// down. Here we go through all pods in all nodes and evict the ones that match
+// the regex and are older than the maximum age. This function receives a list
+// of nodes we need to process.
+func (d *Example) Deschedule(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fwtypes.Status {
+	var podsToEvict []*v1.Pod
+	logger := klog.FromContext(ctx)
+	logger.Info("Example plugin starting descheduling")
+
+	re, err := regexp.Compile(d.args.Regex)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("fail to compile regex: %w", err)
+		return &fwtypes.Status{Err: err}
+	}
+
+	duration, err := time.ParseDuration(d.args.MaxAge)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("fail to parse max age: %w", err)
+		return &fwtypes.Status{Err: err}
+	}
+
+	// here we create an auxiliar filter to remove all pods that don't
+	// match the provided regex or are still too young to be evicted.
+	// This filter will be used when we list all pods on a node. This
+	// filter here could have been part of the podFilter but we are
+	// keeping it separate for the sake of the example.
+	filter := func(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
+		if !re.MatchString(pod.Name) {
+			return false
+		}
+		deadline := pod.CreationTimestamp.Add(duration)
+		return time.Now().After(deadline)
+	}
+
+	// go node by node getting all pods that we can evict.
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		// ListAllPodsOnANode is a helper function that retrieves all
+		// pods filtering out the ones we can't evict. We merge the
+		// default filters with the one we created above.
+		pods, err := podutil.ListAllPodsOnANode(
+			node.Name,
+			d.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(),
+			podutil.WrapFilterFuncs(d.podFilter, filter),
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("fail to list pods: %w", err)
+			return &fwtypes.Status{Err: err}
+		}
+
+		// as we have already filtered out pods that don't match the
+		// regex or are too young we can simply add them all to the
+		// eviction list.
+		podsToEvict = append(podsToEvict, pods...)
+	}
+
+	// evict all the pods.
+	for _, pod := range podsToEvict {
+		logger.Info("Example plugin evicting pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+		opts := evictions.EvictOptions{StrategyName: PluginName}
+		if err := d.handle.Evictor().Evict(ctx, pod, opts); err != nil {
+			logger.Error(err, "unable to evict pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
+		}
+	}
+
+	logger.Info("Example plugin finished descheduling")
+	return nil
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/example/register.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package example
+
+import (
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+)
+
+var (
+	SchemeBuilder      = runtime.NewSchemeBuilder()
+	localSchemeBuilder = &SchemeBuilder
+	AddToScheme        = localSchemeBuilder.AddToScheme
+)
+
+func init() {
+	// We only register manually written functions here. The registration of the
+	// generated functions takes place in the generated files. The separation
+	// makes the code compile even when the generated files are missing.
+	localSchemeBuilder.Register(addDefaultingFuncs)
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/example/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package example
+
+import (
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+)
+
+// +k8s:deepcopy-gen=true
+// +k8s:deepcopy-gen:interfaces=k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.Object
+
+// ExampleArgs holds a list of arguments used to configure the plugin. For this
+// simple example we only care about a regex, a maximum age and possibly a list
+// of namespaces to which we want to apply the descheduler. This plugin evicts
+// pods that match a given regular expression and are older than the maximum
+// allowed age. Most of the fields here were defined as strings so we can
+// validate them somewhere else (show you a better implementation example).
+type ExampleArgs struct {
+	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
+
+	// Regex is a regular expression we use to match against pod names. If
+	// the pod name matches the regex it will be evicted. This is expected
+	// to be a valid regular expression (according to go's regexp package).
+	Regex string `json:"regex"`
+
+	// MaxAge is the maximum age a pod can have before it is considered for
+	// eviction. This is expected to be a valid time.Duration.
+	MaxAge string `json:"maxAge"`
+
+	// Namespaces allows us to filter on which namespaces we want to apply
+	// the descheduler.
+	Namespaces *api.Namespaces `json:"namespaces,omitempty"`
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/example/validation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package example
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"time"
+
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+)
+
+// ValidateExampleArgs validates if the plugin arguments are correct (we have
+// everything we need). On this case we only validate if we have a valid
+// regular expression and maximum age.
+func ValidateExampleArgs(obj runtime.Object) error {
+	args := obj.(*ExampleArgs)
+	if args.Regex == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("regex argument must be set")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := regexp.Compile(args.Regex); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid regex: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := time.ParseDuration(args.MaxAge); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid max age: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/example/zz_generated.deepcopy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//go:build !ignore_autogenerated
+// +build !ignore_autogenerated
+
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// Code generated by deepcopy-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package example
+
+import (
+	runtime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	api "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+)
+
+// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
+func (in *ExampleArgs) DeepCopyInto(out *ExampleArgs) {
+	*out = *in
+	out.TypeMeta = in.TypeMeta
+	if in.Namespaces != nil {
+		in, out := &in.Namespaces, &out.Namespaces
+		*out = new(api.Namespaces)
+		(*in).DeepCopyInto(*out)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new ExampleArgs.
+func (in *ExampleArgs) DeepCopy() *ExampleArgs {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := new(ExampleArgs)
+	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DeepCopyObject is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new runtime.Object.
+func (in *ExampleArgs) DeepCopyObject() runtime.Object {
+	if c := in.DeepCopy(); c != nil {
+		return c
+	}
+	return nil
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/example/zz_generated.defaults.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//go:build !ignore_autogenerated
+// +build !ignore_autogenerated
+
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// Code generated by defaulter-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package example
+
+import (
+	runtime "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+)
+
+// RegisterDefaults adds defaulters functions to the given scheme.
+// Public to allow building arbitrary schemes.
+// All generated defaulters are covering - they call all nested defaulters.
+func RegisterDefaults(scheme *runtime.Scheme) error {
+	return nil
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/classifier/classifier.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package classifier
+
+// Classifier is a function that classifies a resource usage based on a limit.
+// The function should return true if the resource usage matches the classifier
+// intent.
+type Classifier[K comparable, V any] func(K, V, V) bool
+
+// Comparer is a function that compares two objects. This function should return
+// -1 if the first object is less than the second, 0 if they are equal, and 1 if
+// the first object is greater than the second. Of course this is a simplification
+// and any value between -1 and 1 can be returned.
+type Comparer[V any] func(V, V) int
+
+// Values is a map of values indexed by a comparable key. An example of this
+// can be a list of resources indexed by a node name.
+type Values[K comparable, V any] map[K]V
+
+// Limits is a map of list of limits indexed by a comparable key. Each limit
+// inside the list requires a classifier to evaluate.
+type Limits[K comparable, V any] map[K][]V
+
+// Classify is a function that classifies based on classifier functions. This
+// function receives Values, a list of n Limits (indexed by name), and a list
+// of n Classifiers. The classifier at n position is called to evaluate the
+// limit at n position. The first classifier to return true will receive the
+// value, at this point the loop will break and the next value will be
+// evaluated. This function returns a slice of maps, each position in the
+// returned slice correspond to one of the classifiers (e.g. if n limits
+// and classifiers are provided, the returned slice will have n maps).
+func Classify[K comparable, V any](
+	values Values[K, V], limits Limits[K, V], classifiers ...Classifier[K, V],
+) []map[K]V {
+	result := make([]map[K]V, len(classifiers))
+	for i := range classifiers {
+		result[i] = make(map[K]V)
+	}
+
+	for index, usage := range values {
+		for i, limit := range limits[index] {
+			if len(classifiers) <= i {
+				continue
+			}
+			if !classifiers[i](index, usage, limit) {
+				continue
+			}
+			result[i][index] = usage
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// ForMap is a function that returns a classifier that compares all values in a
+// map. The function receives a Comparer function that is used to compare all
+// the map values. The returned Classifier will return true only if the
+// provided Comparer function returns a value less than 0 for all the values.
+func ForMap[K, I comparable, V any, M ~map[I]V](cmp Comparer[V]) Classifier[K, M] {
+	return func(_ K, usages, limits M) bool {
+		for idx, usage := range usages {
+			if limit, ok := limits[idx]; ok {
+				if cmp(usage, limit) >= 0 {
+					return false
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/classifier/classifier_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package classifier
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+	"k8s.io/utils/ptr"
+)
+
+func TestClassifySimple(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		usage       map[string]int
+		limits      map[string][]int
+		classifiers []Classifier[string, int]
+		expected    []map[string]int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty",
+			usage:    map[string]int{},
+			limits:   map[string][]int{},
+			expected: []map[string]int{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "one under one over",
+			usage: map[string]int{
+				"node1": 2,
+				"node2": 8,
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]int{
+				"node1": {4, 6},
+				"node2": {4, 6},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]int{
+				{"node1": 2},
+				{"node2": 8},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, int]{
+				func(_ string, usage, limit int) bool {
+					return usage < limit
+				},
+				func(_ string, usage, limit int) bool {
+					return usage > limit
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "randomly positioned over utilized",
+			usage: map[string]int{
+				"node1": 2,
+				"node2": 8,
+				"node3": 2,
+				"node4": 8,
+				"node5": 8,
+				"node6": 2,
+				"node7": 2,
+				"node8": 8,
+				"node9": 8,
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]int{
+				"node1": {4, 6},
+				"node2": {4, 6},
+				"node3": {4, 6},
+				"node4": {4, 6},
+				"node5": {4, 6},
+				"node6": {4, 6},
+				"node7": {4, 6},
+				"node8": {4, 6},
+				"node9": {4, 6},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]int{
+				{
+					"node1": 2,
+					"node3": 2,
+					"node6": 2,
+					"node7": 2,
+				},
+				{
+					"node2": 8,
+					"node4": 8,
+					"node5": 8,
+					"node8": 8,
+					"node9": 8,
+				},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, int]{
+				func(_ string, usage, limit int) bool {
+					return usage < limit
+				},
+				func(_ string, usage, limit int) bool {
+					return usage > limit
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := Classify(tt.usage, tt.limits, tt.classifiers...)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(result, tt.expected) {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %v", result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClassify_pointers(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		usage       map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+		limits      map[string][]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+		classifiers []Classifier[string, map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity]
+		expected    []map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty",
+			usage:    map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{},
+			limits:   map[string][]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{},
+			expected: []map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single underutilized",
+			usage: map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2")),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2Gi")),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4Gi")),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				{
+					"node1": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2Gi")),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, *resource.Quantity, map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity](
+					func(usage, limit *resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(*limit)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single underutilized and properly utilized",
+			usage: map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2")),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2Gi")),
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("5")),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("5Gi")),
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("8")),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("8Gi")),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4Gi")),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("16")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("16Gi")),
+					},
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4Gi")),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("16")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("16Gi")),
+					},
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("4Gi")),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("16")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("16Gi")),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				{
+					"node1": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2")),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: ptr.To(resource.MustParse("2Gi")),
+					},
+				},
+				{},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, *resource.Quantity, map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity](
+					func(usage, limit *resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(*limit)
+					},
+				),
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, *resource.Quantity, map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity](
+					func(usage, limit *resource.Quantity) int {
+						return limit.Cmp(*usage)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := Classify(tt.usage, tt.limits, tt.classifiers...)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(result, tt.expected) {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %v", result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClassify(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		usage       map[string]v1.ResourceList
+		limits      map[string][]v1.ResourceList
+		classifiers []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]
+		expected    []map[string]v1.ResourceList
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty",
+			usage:    map[string]v1.ResourceList{},
+			limits:   map[string][]v1.ResourceList{},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single underutilized",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{
+					"node1": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "less classifiers than limits",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("5"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("5Gi"),
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("8"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("16"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("16Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("16"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("16Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("16"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("16Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{
+					"node1": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "more classifiers than limits",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("20"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("20"),
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("50"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("50"),
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("80"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("80"),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("30"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("30"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("30"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("30"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("30"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("30"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{
+					"node1": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("20"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("20"),
+					},
+				},
+				{},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return limit.Cmp(usage)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single underutilized and properly utilized",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("5"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("5Gi"),
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("8"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("16"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("16Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("16"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("16Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("16"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("16Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{
+					"node1": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				{},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return limit.Cmp(usage)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single underutilized and multiple over utilized nodes",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("8"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("8"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("6"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("6Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("6"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("6Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("6"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("6Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{
+					"node1": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("2"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("2Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					"node2": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("8"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+					},
+					"node3": {
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("8"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return limit.Cmp(usage)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "over and under at the same time",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("1"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("1"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("6"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("6Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("6"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("6Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{},
+				{},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return limit.Cmp(usage)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "only memory over utilized",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("5"),
+					v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("8Gi"),
+				},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("4"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("4Gi"),
+					},
+					{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.MustParse("6"),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("6Gi"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{},
+				{},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return limit.Cmp(usage)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "randomly positioned over utilized",
+			usage: map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+				"node2": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("2")},
+				"node3": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+				"node4": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("2")},
+				"node5": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+				"node6": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+				"node7": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+				"node8": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("2")},
+				"node9": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("5")},
+			},
+			limits: map[string][]v1.ResourceList{
+				"node1": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node2": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node3": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node4": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node5": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node6": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node7": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node8": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+				"node9": {
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("4")},
+					{v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("6")},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: []map[string]v1.ResourceList{
+				{
+					"node2": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("2")},
+					"node4": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("2")},
+					"node8": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("2")},
+				},
+				{
+					"node1": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+					"node3": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+					"node5": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+					"node6": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+					"node7": {v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("8")},
+				},
+			},
+			classifiers: []Classifier[string, v1.ResourceList]{
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return usage.Cmp(limit)
+					},
+				),
+				ForMap[string, v1.ResourceName, resource.Quantity, v1.ResourceList](
+					func(usage, limit resource.Quantity) int {
+						return limit.Cmp(usage)
+					},
+				),
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := Classify(tt.usage, tt.limits, tt.classifiers...)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(result, tt.expected) {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected result: %v", result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/highnodeutilization.go

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ package nodeutilization
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
@@ -29,150 +29,242 @@ import (
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/classifier"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/normalizer"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 )
 
 const HighNodeUtilizationPluginName = "HighNodeUtilization"
 
-// HighNodeUtilization evicts pods from under utilized nodes so that scheduler can schedule according to its plugin.
-// Note that CPU/Memory requests are used to calculate nodes' utilization and not the actual resource usage.
-
-type HighNodeUtilization struct {
-	handle    frameworktypes.Handle
-	args      *HighNodeUtilizationArgs
-	podFilter func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
-}
-
+// this lines makes sure that HighNodeUtilization implements the BalancePlugin
+// interface.
 var _ frameworktypes.BalancePlugin = &HighNodeUtilization{}
 
-// NewHighNodeUtilization builds plugin from its arguments while passing a handle
-func NewHighNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (frameworktypes.Plugin, error) {
-	highNodeUtilizatioArgs, ok := args.(*HighNodeUtilizationArgs)
+// HighNodeUtilization evicts pods from under utilized nodes so that scheduler
+// can schedule according to its plugin. Note that CPU/Memory requests are used
+// to calculate nodes' utilization and not the actual resource usage.
+type HighNodeUtilization struct {
+	handle         frameworktypes.Handle
+	args           *HighNodeUtilizationArgs
+	podFilter      func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
+	criteria       []any
+	resourceNames  []v1.ResourceName
+	highThresholds api.ResourceThresholds
+	usageClient    usageClient
+}
+
+// NewHighNodeUtilization builds plugin from its arguments while passing a handle.
+func NewHighNodeUtilization(
+	genericArgs runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle,
+) (frameworktypes.Plugin, error) {
+	args, ok := genericArgs.(*HighNodeUtilizationArgs)
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("want args to be of type HighNodeUtilizationArgs, got %T", args)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"want args to be of type HighNodeUtilizationArgs, got %T",
+			genericArgs,
+		)
 	}
 
-	podFilter, err := podutil.NewOptions().
-		WithFilter(handle.Evictor().Filter).
+	// this plugins worries only about thresholds but the nodeplugins
+	// package was made to take two thresholds into account, one for low
+	// and another for high usage. here we make sure we set the high
+	// threshold to the maximum value for all resources for which we have a
+	// threshold.
+	highThresholds := make(api.ResourceThresholds)
+	for rname := range args.Thresholds {
+		highThresholds[rname] = MaxResourcePercentage
+	}
+
+	// get the resource names for which we have a threshold. this is
+	// later used when determining if we are going to evict a pod.
+	resourceThresholds := getResourceNames(args.Thresholds)
+
+	// by default we evict pods from the under utilized nodes even if they
+	// don't define a request for a given threshold. this works most of the
+	// times and there is an use case for it. When using the restrict mode
+	// we evaluate if the pod has a request for any of the resources the
+	// user has provided as threshold.
+	filters := []podutil.FilterFunc{handle.Evictor().Filter}
+	if slices.Contains(args.EvictionModes, EvictionModeOnlyThresholdingResources) {
+		filters = append(
+			filters,
+			withResourceRequestForAny(resourceThresholds...),
+		)
+	}
+
+	podFilter, err := podutil.
+		NewOptions().
+		WithFilter(podutil.WrapFilterFuncs(filters...)).
 		BuildFilterFunc()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing pod filter function: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// resourceNames is a list of all resource names this plugin cares
+	// about. we care about the resources for which we have a threshold and
+	// all we consider the basic resources (cpu, memory, pods).
+	resourceNames := uniquifyResourceNames(
+		append(
+			resourceThresholds,
+			v1.ResourceCPU,
+			v1.ResourceMemory,
+			v1.ResourcePods,
+		),
+	)
+
 	return &HighNodeUtilization{
-		handle:    handle,
-		args:      highNodeUtilizatioArgs,
-		podFilter: podFilter,
+		handle:         handle,
+		args:           args,
+		resourceNames:  resourceNames,
+		highThresholds: highThresholds,
+		criteria:       thresholdsToKeysAndValues(args.Thresholds),
+		podFilter:      podFilter,
+		usageClient: newRequestedUsageClient(
+			resourceNames,
+			handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(),
+		),
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// Name retrieves the plugin name
+// Name retrieves the plugin name.
 func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Name() string {
 	return HighNodeUtilizationPluginName
 }
 
-// Balance extension point implementation for the plugin
+// Balance holds the main logic of the plugin. It evicts pods from under
+// utilized nodes. The goal here is to concentrate pods in fewer nodes so that
+// less nodes are used.
 func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status {
-	thresholds := h.args.Thresholds
-	targetThresholds := make(api.ResourceThresholds)
-
-	setDefaultForThresholds(thresholds, targetThresholds)
-	resourceNames := getResourceNames(targetThresholds)
-
-	sourceNodes, highNodes := classifyNodes(
-		getNodeUsage(nodes, resourceNames, h.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc()),
-		getNodeThresholds(nodes, thresholds, targetThresholds, resourceNames, h.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(), false),
-		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
-			return isNodeWithLowUtilization(usage, threshold.lowResourceThreshold)
-		},
-		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
-			if nodeutil.IsNodeUnschedulable(node) {
-				klog.V(2).InfoS("Node is unschedulable", "node", klog.KObj(node))
-				return false
-			}
-			return !isNodeWithLowUtilization(usage, threshold.lowResourceThreshold)
-		})
-
-	// log message in one line
-	keysAndValues := []interface{}{
-		"CPU", thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
-		"Mem", thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
-		"Pods", thresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
-	}
-	for name := range thresholds {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), int64(thresholds[name]))
+	if err := h.usageClient.sync(ctx, nodes); err != nil {
+		return &frameworktypes.Status{
+			Err: fmt.Errorf("error getting node usage: %v", err),
 		}
 	}
 
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node below target utilization", keysAndValues...)
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of underutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(sourceNodes))
+	// take a picture of the current state of the nodes, everything else
+	// here is based on this snapshot.
+	nodesMap, nodesUsageMap, podListMap := getNodeUsageSnapshot(nodes, h.usageClient)
+	capacities := referencedResourceListForNodesCapacity(nodes)
 
-	if len(sourceNodes) == 0 {
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("No node is underutilized, nothing to do here, you might tune your thresholds further")
+	// node usages are not presented as percentages over the capacity.
+	// we need to normalize them to be able to compare them with the
+	// thresholds. thresholds are already provided by the user in
+	// percentage.
+	usage, thresholds := assessNodesUsagesAndStaticThresholds(
+		nodesUsageMap, capacities, h.args.Thresholds, h.highThresholds,
+	)
+
+	// classify nodes in two groups: underutilized and schedulable. we will
+	// later try to move pods from the first group to the second.
+	nodeGroups := classifier.Classify(
+		usage, thresholds,
+		// underutilized nodes.
+		func(nodeName string, usage, threshold api.ResourceThresholds) bool {
+			return isNodeBelowThreshold(usage, threshold)
+		},
+		// schedulable nodes.
+		func(nodeName string, usage, threshold api.ResourceThresholds) bool {
+			if nodeutil.IsNodeUnschedulable(nodesMap[nodeName]) {
+				klog.V(2).InfoS(
+					"Node is unschedulable",
+					"node", klog.KObj(nodesMap[nodeName]),
+				)
+				return false
+			}
+			return true
+		},
+	)
+
+	// the nodeplugin package works by means of NodeInfo structures. these
+	// structures hold a series of information about the nodes. now that
+	// we have classified the nodes, we can build the NodeInfo structures
+	// for each group. NodeInfo structs carry usage and available resources
+	// for each node.
+	nodeInfos := make([][]NodeInfo, 2)
+	category := []string{"underutilized", "overutilized"}
+	for i := range nodeGroups {
+		for nodeName := range nodeGroups[i] {
+			klog.InfoS(
+				"Node has been classified",
+				"category", category[i],
+				"node", klog.KObj(nodesMap[nodeName]),
+				"usage", nodesUsageMap[nodeName],
+				"usagePercentage", normalizer.Round(usage[nodeName]),
+			)
+			nodeInfos[i] = append(nodeInfos[i], NodeInfo{
+				NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
+					node:    nodesMap[nodeName],
+					usage:   nodesUsageMap[nodeName],
+					allPods: podListMap[nodeName],
+				},
+				available: capNodeCapacitiesToThreshold(
+					nodesMap[nodeName],
+					thresholds[nodeName][1],
+					h.resourceNames,
+				),
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	lowNodes, schedulableNodes := nodeInfos[0], nodeInfos[1]
+
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node below target utilization", h.criteria...)
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of underutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(lowNodes))
+
+	if len(lowNodes) == 0 {
+		klog.V(1).InfoS(
+			"No node is underutilized, nothing to do here, you might tune your thresholds further",
+		)
 		return nil
 	}
-	if len(sourceNodes) <= h.args.NumberOfNodes {
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of nodes underutilized is less or equal than NumberOfNodes, nothing to do here", "underutilizedNodes", len(sourceNodes), "numberOfNodes", h.args.NumberOfNodes)
+
+	if len(lowNodes) <= h.args.NumberOfNodes {
+		klog.V(1).InfoS(
+			"Number of nodes underutilized is less or equal than NumberOfNodes, nothing to do here",
+			"underutilizedNodes", len(lowNodes),
+			"numberOfNodes", h.args.NumberOfNodes,
+		)
 		return nil
 	}
-	if len(sourceNodes) == len(nodes) {
+
+	if len(lowNodes) == len(nodes) {
 		klog.V(1).InfoS("All nodes are underutilized, nothing to do here")
 		return nil
 	}
-	if len(highNodes) == 0 {
+
+	if len(schedulableNodes) == 0 {
 		klog.V(1).InfoS("No node is available to schedule the pods, nothing to do here")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// stop if the total available usage has dropped to zero - no more pods can be scheduled
-	continueEvictionCond := func(nodeInfo NodeInfo, totalAvailableUsage map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity) bool {
-		for name := range totalAvailableUsage {
-			if totalAvailableUsage[name].CmpInt64(0) < 1 {
+	// stops the eviction process if the total available capacity sage has
+	// dropped to zero - no more pods can be scheduled. this will signalize
+	// to stop if any of the available resources has dropped to zero.
+	continueEvictionCond := func(_ NodeInfo, avail api.ReferencedResourceList) bool {
+		for name := range avail {
+			if avail[name].CmpInt64(0) < 1 {
 				return false
 			}
 		}
-
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// Sort the nodes by the usage in ascending order
-	sortNodesByUsage(sourceNodes, true)
+	// sorts the nodes by the usage in ascending order.
+	sortNodesByUsage(lowNodes, true)
 
 	evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 		ctx,
 		h.args.EvictableNamespaces,
-		sourceNodes,
-		highNodes,
+		lowNodes,
+		schedulableNodes,
 		h.handle.Evictor(),
 		evictions.EvictOptions{StrategyName: HighNodeUtilizationPluginName},
 		h.podFilter,
-		resourceNames,
-		continueEvictionCond)
+		h.resourceNames,
+		continueEvictionCond,
+		h.usageClient,
+		nil,
+	)
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-func setDefaultForThresholds(thresholds, targetThresholds api.ResourceThresholds) {
-	// check if Pods/CPU/Mem are set, if not, set them to 100
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourcePods]; !ok {
-		thresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
-	}
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU]; !ok {
-		thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
-	}
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory]; !ok {
-		thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
-	}
-
-	// Default targetThreshold resource values to 100
-	targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
-	targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
-	targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
-
-	for name := range thresholds {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			targetThresholds[name] = MaxResourcePercentage
-		}
-	}
-}

pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/highnodeutilization_test.go

@@ -25,16 +25,13 @@ import (
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
 
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
-	frameworkfake "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/fake"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
@@ -51,6 +48,7 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name                string
 		thresholds          api.ResourceThresholds
+		evictionModes       []EvictionMode
 		nodes               []*v1.Node
 		pods                []*v1.Pod
 		expectedPodsEvicted uint
@@ -115,6 +113,7 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
 					// A Critical Pod.
+					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
 					pod.Namespace = "kube-system"
 					priority := utils.SystemCriticalPriority
 					pod.Spec.Priority = &priority
@@ -167,6 +166,7 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				// These won't be evicted.
 				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
 					// A Critical Pod.
+					test.SetNormalOwnerRef(pod)
 					pod.Namespace = "kube-system"
 					priority := utils.SystemCriticalPriority
 					pod.Spec.Priority = &priority
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			// All pods are assumed to be burstable (test.BuildTestNode always sets both cpu/memory resource requests to some value)
 			pods: []*v1.Pod{
-				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 0, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
 					test.SetRSOwnerRef(pod)
 					test.MakeBestEffortPod(pod)
 				}),
@@ -434,6 +434,53 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectedPodsEvicted: 0,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "with extended resource threshold and no extended resource pods",
+			thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
+				extendedResource: 40,
+			},
+			evictionModes: []EvictionMode{EvictionModeOnlyThresholdingResources},
+			nodes: []*v1.Node{
+				test.BuildTestNode(n1NodeName, 4000, 3000, 10, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					test.SetNodeExtendedResource(node, extendedResource, 10)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(n2NodeName, 4000, 3000, 10, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					test.SetNodeExtendedResource(node, extendedResource, 10)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestNode(n3NodeName, 4000, 3000, 10, func(node *v1.Node) {
+					test.SetNodeExtendedResource(node, extendedResource, 10)
+				}),
+			},
+			pods: []*v1.Pod{
+				// pods on node1 have the extended resource
+				// request set and they put the node in the
+				// over utilization range.
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					test.SetRSOwnerRef(pod)
+					test.SetPodExtendedResourceRequest(pod, extendedResource, 3)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, n1NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					test.SetRSOwnerRef(pod)
+					test.SetPodExtendedResourceRequest(pod, extendedResource, 3)
+				}),
+				// pods in the other nodes must not be evicted
+				// because they do not have the extended
+				// resource defined in their requests.
+				test.BuildTestPod("p3", 500, 0, n2NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					test.SetRSOwnerRef(pod)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p4", 500, 0, n2NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					test.SetRSOwnerRef(pod)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p5", 500, 0, n2NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					test.SetRSOwnerRef(pod)
+				}),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p6", 500, 0, n2NodeName, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
+					test.SetRSOwnerRef(pod)
+				}),
+			},
+			expectedPodsEvicted: 0,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, testCase := range testCases {
@@ -448,20 +495,16 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 			for _, pod := range testCase.pods {
 				objs = append(objs, pod)
 			}
-			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
-
-			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
-			podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
-
-			getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
-			}
-
 			podsForEviction := make(map[string]struct{})
 			for _, pod := range testCase.evictedPods {
 				podsForEviction[pod] = struct{}{}
 			}
+			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
+
+			handle, podEvictor, err := frameworktesting.InitFrameworkHandle(ctx, fakeClient, nil, defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{NodeFit: true}, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize a framework handle: %v", err)
+			}
 
 			evictionFailed := false
 			if len(testCase.evictedPods) > 0 {
@@ -479,57 +522,16 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				})
 			}
 
-			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-			eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
-
-			podEvictor := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
-				fakeClient,
-				"v1",
-				false,
-				nil,
-				nil,
-				testCase.nodes,
-				false,
-				eventRecorder,
-			)
-
-			defaultevictorArgs := &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
-				EvictLocalStoragePods:   false,
-				EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
-				IgnorePvcPods:           false,
-				EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
-				NodeFit:                 true,
-			}
-
-			evictorFilter, err := defaultevictor.New(
-				defaultevictorArgs,
-				&frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
-					ClientsetImpl:                 fakeClient,
-					GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl: getPodsAssignedToNode,
-					SharedInformerFactoryImpl:     sharedInformerFactory,
+			plugin, err := NewHighNodeUtilization(
+				&HighNodeUtilizationArgs{
+					Thresholds:    testCase.thresholds,
+					EvictionModes: testCase.evictionModes,
 				},
+				handle,
 			)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
 			}
-
-			handle := &frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
-				ClientsetImpl:                 fakeClient,
-				GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl: getPodsAssignedToNode,
-				PodEvictorImpl:                podEvictor,
-				EvictorFilterImpl:             evictorFilter.(frameworktypes.EvictorPlugin),
-				SharedInformerFactoryImpl:     sharedInformerFactory,
-			}
-
-			plugin, err := NewHighNodeUtilization(&HighNodeUtilizationArgs{
-				Thresholds: testCase.thresholds,
-			},
-				handle)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
-			}
 			plugin.(frameworktypes.BalancePlugin).Balance(ctx, testCase.nodes)
 
 			podsEvicted := podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
@@ -623,55 +625,16 @@ func TestHighNodeUtilizationWithTaints(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
-			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
-			podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
 
-			getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-			eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
-
-			podEvictor := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
+			handle, podEvictor, err := frameworktesting.InitFrameworkHandle(
+				ctx,
 				fakeClient,
-				"policy/v1",
-				false,
-				&item.evictionsExpected,
+				evictions.NewOptions().WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(&item.evictionsExpected),
+				defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
 				nil,
-				item.nodes,
-				false,
-				eventRecorder,
-			)
-
-			defaultevictorArgs := &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
-				EvictLocalStoragePods:   false,
-				EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
-				IgnorePvcPods:           false,
-				EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
-			}
-
-			evictorFilter, err := defaultevictor.New(
-				defaultevictorArgs,
-				&frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
-					ClientsetImpl:                 fakeClient,
-					GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl: getPodsAssignedToNode,
-					SharedInformerFactoryImpl:     sharedInformerFactory,
-				},
 			)
 			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize the plugin: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			handle := &frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
-				ClientsetImpl:                 fakeClient,
-				GetPodsAssignedToNodeFuncImpl: getPodsAssignedToNode,
-				PodEvictorImpl:                podEvictor,
-				EvictorFilterImpl:             evictorFilter.(frameworktypes.EvictorPlugin),
-				SharedInformerFactoryImpl:     sharedInformerFactory,
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize a framework handle: %v", err)
 			}
 
 			plugin, err := NewHighNodeUtilization(&HighNodeUtilizationArgs{

pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization.go

@@ -21,141 +21,248 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/classifier"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/normalizer"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 )
 
 const LowNodeUtilizationPluginName = "LowNodeUtilization"
 
-// LowNodeUtilization evicts pods from overutilized nodes to underutilized nodes. Note that CPU/Memory requests are used
-// to calculate nodes' utilization and not the actual resource usage.
-
-type LowNodeUtilization struct {
-	handle    frameworktypes.Handle
-	args      *LowNodeUtilizationArgs
-	podFilter func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
-}
-
+// this lines makes sure that HighNodeUtilization implements the BalancePlugin
+// interface.
 var _ frameworktypes.BalancePlugin = &LowNodeUtilization{}
 
-// NewLowNodeUtilization builds plugin from its arguments while passing a handle
-func NewLowNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (frameworktypes.Plugin, error) {
-	lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs, ok := args.(*LowNodeUtilizationArgs)
+// LowNodeUtilization evicts pods from overutilized nodes to underutilized
+// nodes. Note that CPU/Memory requests are used to calculate nodes'
+// utilization and not the actual resource usage.
+type LowNodeUtilization struct {
+	handle                frameworktypes.Handle
+	args                  *LowNodeUtilizationArgs
+	podFilter             func(pod *v1.Pod) bool
+	underCriteria         []any
+	overCriteria          []any
+	resourceNames         []v1.ResourceName
+	extendedResourceNames []v1.ResourceName
+	usageClient           usageClient
+}
+
+// NewLowNodeUtilization builds plugin from its arguments while passing a
+// handle. this plugin aims to move workload from overutilized nodes to
+// underutilized nodes.
+func NewLowNodeUtilization(
+	genericArgs runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle,
+) (frameworktypes.Plugin, error) {
+	args, ok := genericArgs.(*LowNodeUtilizationArgs)
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("want args to be of type LowNodeUtilizationArgs, got %T", args)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"want args to be of type LowNodeUtilizationArgs, got %T",
+			genericArgs,
+		)
 	}
 
-	podFilter, err := podutil.NewOptions().
+	// resourceNames holds a list of resources for which the user has
+	// provided thresholds for. extendedResourceNames holds those as well
+	// as cpu, memory and pods if no prometheus collection is used.
+	resourceNames := getResourceNames(args.Thresholds)
+	extendedResourceNames := resourceNames
+
+	// if we are using prometheus we need to validate we have everything we
+	// need. if we aren't then we need to make sure we are also collecting
+	// data for cpu, memory and pods.
+	metrics := args.MetricsUtilization
+	if metrics != nil && metrics.Source == api.PrometheusMetrics {
+		if err := validatePrometheusMetricsUtilization(args); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
+		extendedResourceNames = uniquifyResourceNames(
+			append(
+				resourceNames,
+				v1.ResourceCPU,
+				v1.ResourceMemory,
+				v1.ResourcePods,
+			),
+		)
+	}
+
+	podFilter, err := podutil.
+		NewOptions().
 		WithFilter(handle.Evictor().Filter).
 		BuildFilterFunc()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing pod filter function: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// this plugins supports different ways of collecting usage data. each
+	// different way provides its own "usageClient". here we make sure we
+	// have the correct one or an error is triggered. XXX MetricsServer is
+	// deprecated, removed once dropped.
+	var usageClient usageClient = newRequestedUsageClient(
+		extendedResourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(),
+	)
+	if metrics != nil {
+		usageClient, err = usageClientForMetrics(args, handle, extendedResourceNames)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
 	return &LowNodeUtilization{
-		handle:    handle,
-		args:      lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs,
-		podFilter: podFilter,
+		handle:                handle,
+		args:                  args,
+		underCriteria:         thresholdsToKeysAndValues(args.Thresholds),
+		overCriteria:          thresholdsToKeysAndValues(args.TargetThresholds),
+		resourceNames:         resourceNames,
+		extendedResourceNames: extendedResourceNames,
+		podFilter:             podFilter,
+		usageClient:           usageClient,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// Name retrieves the plugin name
+// Name retrieves the plugin name.
 func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Name() string {
 	return LowNodeUtilizationPluginName
 }
 
-// Balance extension point implementation for the plugin
+// Balance holds the main logic of the plugin. It evicts pods from over
+// utilized nodes to under utilized nodes. The goal here is to evenly
+// distribute pods across nodes.
 func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status {
-	useDeviationThresholds := l.args.UseDeviationThresholds
-	thresholds := l.args.Thresholds
-	targetThresholds := l.args.TargetThresholds
+	if err := l.usageClient.sync(ctx, nodes); err != nil {
+		return &frameworktypes.Status{
+			Err: fmt.Errorf("error getting node usage: %v", err),
+		}
+	}
 
-	// check if Pods/CPU/Mem are set, if not, set them to 100
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourcePods]; !ok {
-		if useDeviationThresholds {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MinResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MinResourcePercentage
-		} else {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods] = MaxResourcePercentage
-		}
-	}
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU]; !ok {
-		if useDeviationThresholds {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MinResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MinResourcePercentage
-		} else {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU] = MaxResourcePercentage
-		}
-	}
-	if _, ok := thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory]; !ok {
-		if useDeviationThresholds {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MinResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MinResourcePercentage
-		} else {
-			thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
-			targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory] = MaxResourcePercentage
-		}
-	}
-	resourceNames := getResourceNames(thresholds)
+	// starts by taking a snapshot ofthe nodes usage. we will use this
+	// snapshot to assess the nodes usage and classify them as
+	// underutilized or overutilized.
+	nodesMap, nodesUsageMap, podListMap := getNodeUsageSnapshot(nodes, l.usageClient)
+	capacities := referencedResourceListForNodesCapacity(nodes)
 
-	lowNodes, sourceNodes := classifyNodes(
-		getNodeUsage(nodes, resourceNames, l.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc()),
-		getNodeThresholds(nodes, thresholds, targetThresholds, resourceNames, l.handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(), useDeviationThresholds),
-		// The node has to be schedulable (to be able to move workload there)
-		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
-			if nodeutil.IsNodeUnschedulable(node) {
-				klog.V(2).InfoS("Node is unschedulable, thus not considered as underutilized", "node", klog.KObj(node))
+	// usage, by default, is exposed in absolute values. we need to normalize
+	// them (convert them to percentages) to be able to compare them with the
+	// user provided thresholds. thresholds are already provided in percentage
+	// in the <0; 100> interval.
+	var usage map[string]api.ResourceThresholds
+	var thresholds map[string][]api.ResourceThresholds
+	if l.args.UseDeviationThresholds {
+		// here the thresholds provided by the user represent
+		// deviations from the average so we need to treat them
+		// differently. when calculating the average we only
+		// need to consider the resources for which the user
+		// has provided thresholds.
+		usage, thresholds = assessNodesUsagesAndRelativeThresholds(
+			filterResourceNames(nodesUsageMap, l.resourceNames),
+			capacities,
+			l.args.Thresholds,
+			l.args.TargetThresholds,
+		)
+	} else {
+		usage, thresholds = assessNodesUsagesAndStaticThresholds(
+			nodesUsageMap,
+			capacities,
+			l.args.Thresholds,
+			l.args.TargetThresholds,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// classify nodes in under and over utilized. we will later try to move
+	// pods from the overutilized nodes to the underutilized ones.
+	nodeGroups := classifier.Classify(
+		usage, thresholds,
+		// underutilization criteria processing. nodes that are
+		// underutilized but aren't schedulable are ignored.
+		func(nodeName string, usage, threshold api.ResourceThresholds) bool {
+			if nodeutil.IsNodeUnschedulable(nodesMap[nodeName]) {
+				klog.V(2).InfoS(
+					"Node is unschedulable, thus not considered as underutilized",
+					"node", klog.KObj(nodesMap[nodeName]),
+				)
 				return false
 			}
-			return isNodeWithLowUtilization(usage, threshold.lowResourceThreshold)
+			return isNodeBelowThreshold(usage, threshold)
 		},
-		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
-			return isNodeAboveTargetUtilization(usage, threshold.highResourceThreshold)
+		// overutilization criteria evaluation.
+		func(nodeName string, usage, threshold api.ResourceThresholds) bool {
+			return isNodeAboveThreshold(usage, threshold)
 		},
 	)
 
-	// log message for nodes with low utilization
-	underutilizationCriteria := []interface{}{
-		"CPU", thresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
-		"Mem", thresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
-		"Pods", thresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
-	}
-	for name := range thresholds {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			underutilizationCriteria = append(underutilizationCriteria, string(name), int64(thresholds[name]))
-		}
-	}
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node under utilization", underutilizationCriteria...)
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of underutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(lowNodes))
+	// the nodeutilization package was designed to work with NodeInfo
+	// structs. these structs holds information about how utilized a node
+	// is. we need to go through the result of the classification and turn
+	// it into NodeInfo structs.
+	nodeInfos := make([][]NodeInfo, 2)
+	categories := []string{"underutilized", "overutilized"}
+	classifiedNodes := map[string]bool{}
+	for i := range nodeGroups {
+		for nodeName := range nodeGroups[i] {
+			classifiedNodes[nodeName] = true
 
-	// log message for over utilized nodes
-	overutilizationCriteria := []interface{}{
-		"CPU", targetThresholds[v1.ResourceCPU],
-		"Mem", targetThresholds[v1.ResourceMemory],
-		"Pods", targetThresholds[v1.ResourcePods],
-	}
-	for name := range targetThresholds {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			overutilizationCriteria = append(overutilizationCriteria, string(name), int64(targetThresholds[name]))
+			klog.InfoS(
+				"Node has been classified",
+				"category", categories[i],
+				"node", klog.KObj(nodesMap[nodeName]),
+				"usage", nodesUsageMap[nodeName],
+				"usagePercentage", normalizer.Round(usage[nodeName]),
+			)
+
+			nodeInfos[i] = append(nodeInfos[i], NodeInfo{
+				NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
+					node:    nodesMap[nodeName],
+					usage:   nodesUsageMap[nodeName],
+					allPods: podListMap[nodeName],
+				},
+				available: capNodeCapacitiesToThreshold(
+					nodesMap[nodeName],
+					thresholds[nodeName][1],
+					l.extendedResourceNames,
+				),
+			})
 		}
 	}
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node above target utilization", overutilizationCriteria...)
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of overutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(sourceNodes))
+
+	// log nodes that are appropriately utilized.
+	for nodeName := range nodesMap {
+		if !classifiedNodes[nodeName] {
+			klog.InfoS(
+				"Node is appropriately utilized",
+				"node", klog.KObj(nodesMap[nodeName]),
+				"usage", nodesUsageMap[nodeName],
+				"usagePercentage", normalizer.Round(usage[nodeName]),
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	lowNodes, highNodes := nodeInfos[0], nodeInfos[1]
+
+	// log messages for nodes with low and high utilization
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node under utilization", l.underCriteria...)
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of underutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(lowNodes))
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Criteria for a node above target utilization", l.overCriteria...)
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of overutilized nodes", "totalNumber", len(highNodes))
 
 	if len(lowNodes) == 0 {
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("No node is underutilized, nothing to do here, you might tune your thresholds further")
+		klog.V(1).InfoS(
+			"No node is underutilized, nothing to do here, you might tune your thresholds further",
+		)
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	if len(lowNodes) <= l.args.NumberOfNodes {
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of nodes underutilized is less or equal than NumberOfNodes, nothing to do here", "underutilizedNodes", len(lowNodes), "numberOfNodes", l.args.NumberOfNodes)
+		klog.V(1).InfoS(
+			"Number of nodes underutilized is less or equal than NumberOfNodes, nothing to do here",
+			"underutilizedNodes", len(lowNodes),
+			"numberOfNodes", l.args.NumberOfNodes,
+		)
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -164,14 +271,15 @@ func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fra
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if len(sourceNodes) == 0 {
+	if len(highNodes) == 0 {
 		klog.V(1).InfoS("All nodes are under target utilization, nothing to do here")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// stop if node utilization drops below target threshold or any of required capacity (cpu, memory, pods) is moved
-	continueEvictionCond := func(nodeInfo NodeInfo, totalAvailableUsage map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity) bool {
-		if !isNodeAboveTargetUtilization(nodeInfo.NodeUsage, nodeInfo.thresholds.highResourceThreshold) {
+	// this is a stop condition for the eviction process. we stop as soon
+	// as the node usage drops below the threshold.
+	continueEvictionCond := func(nodeInfo NodeInfo, totalAvailableUsage api.ReferencedResourceList) bool {
+		if !isNodeAboveTargetUtilization(nodeInfo.NodeUsage, nodeInfo.available) {
 			return false
 		}
 		for name := range totalAvailableUsage {
@@ -183,19 +291,90 @@ func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fra
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// Sort the nodes by the usage in descending order
-	sortNodesByUsage(sourceNodes, false)
+	// sort the nodes by the usage in descending order
+	sortNodesByUsage(highNodes, false)
+
+	var nodeLimit *uint
+	if l.args.EvictionLimits != nil {
+		nodeLimit = l.args.EvictionLimits.Node
+	}
 
 	evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 		ctx,
 		l.args.EvictableNamespaces,
-		sourceNodes,
+		highNodes,
 		lowNodes,
 		l.handle.Evictor(),
 		evictions.EvictOptions{StrategyName: LowNodeUtilizationPluginName},
 		l.podFilter,
-		resourceNames,
-		continueEvictionCond)
+		l.extendedResourceNames,
+		continueEvictionCond,
+		l.usageClient,
+		nodeLimit,
+	)
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// validatePrometheusMetricsUtilization validates the Prometheus metrics
+// utilization. XXX this should be done way earlier than this.
+func validatePrometheusMetricsUtilization(args *LowNodeUtilizationArgs) error {
+	if args.MetricsUtilization.Prometheus == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prometheus property is missing")
+	}
+
+	if args.MetricsUtilization.Prometheus.Query == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prometheus query is missing")
+	}
+
+	uResourceNames := getResourceNames(args.Thresholds)
+	oResourceNames := getResourceNames(args.TargetThresholds)
+	if len(uResourceNames) != 1 || uResourceNames[0] != MetricResource {
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			"thresholds are expected to specify a single instance of %q resource, got %v instead",
+			MetricResource, uResourceNames,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if len(oResourceNames) != 1 || oResourceNames[0] != MetricResource {
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			"targetThresholds are expected to specify a single instance of %q resource, got %v instead",
+			MetricResource, oResourceNames,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// usageClientForMetrics returns the correct usage client based on the
+// metrics source. XXX MetricsServer is deprecated, removed once dropped.
+func usageClientForMetrics(
+	args *LowNodeUtilizationArgs, handle frameworktypes.Handle, resources []v1.ResourceName,
+) (usageClient, error) {
+	metrics := args.MetricsUtilization
+	switch {
+	case metrics.MetricsServer, metrics.Source == api.KubernetesMetrics:
+		if handle.MetricsCollector() == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("metrics client not initialized")
+		}
+		return newActualUsageClient(
+			resources,
+			handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(),
+			handle.MetricsCollector(),
+		), nil
+
+	case metrics.Source == api.PrometheusMetrics:
+		if handle.PrometheusClient() == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("prometheus client not initialized")
+		}
+		return newPrometheusUsageClient(
+			handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(),
+			handle.PrometheusClient(),
+			metrics.Prometheus.Query,
+		), nil
+	case metrics.Source != "":
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized metrics source")
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("metrics source is empty")
+	}
+}