descheduler: wire the metrics collector with the framework handle

LowNodeUtilization: test metrics based utilization
Get pod usage from the usage client
2026-01-26 21:31:18 +01:00 · 2024-11-05 21:13:27 +01:00 · 2024-11-05 21:11:33 +01:00 · 2024-11-05 14:07:59 +01:00 · 2024-11-04 18:11:27 +01:00 · 2024-10-21 22:38:25 +02:00
2204 changed files with 50077 additions and 145921 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/manifests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/manifests.yaml
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ jobs:
  deploy:
    strategy:
      matrix:
-        k8s-version: ["v1.32.0"]
-        descheduler-version: ["v0.32.2"]
+        k8s-version: ["v1.31.0"]
+        descheduler-version: ["v0.31.0"]
        descheduler-api: ["v1alpha2"]
        manifest: ["deployment"]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Checkout Repo
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Create kind cluster
-        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.12.0
+        uses: helm/kind-action@v1.10.0
        with:
          node_image: kindest/node:${{ matrix.k8s-version }}
          kubectl_version: ${{ matrix.k8s-version }}
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 run:
-  timeout: 5m
+  timeout: 2m

 linters:
  disable-all: true
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-FROM golang:1.23.3
+FROM golang:1.22.5

 WORKDIR /go/src/sigs.k8s.io/descheduler
 COPY . .
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ARCHS = amd64 arm arm64

 LDFLAGS=-ldflags "-X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.version=${VERSION} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.buildDate=${BUILD} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.gitbranch=${BRANCH} -X ${LDFLAG_LOCATION}.gitsha1=${SHA1}"

-GOLANGCI_VERSION := v1.62.2
+GOLANGCI_VERSION := v1.61.0
 HAS_GOLANGCI := $(shell ls _output/bin/golangci-lint 2> /dev/null)

 GOFUMPT_VERSION := v0.7.0
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ lint:
 ifndef HAS_GOLANGCI
 	curl -sSfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s -- -b ./_output/bin ${GOLANGCI_VERSION}
 endif
-	./_output/bin/golangci-lint run -v
+	./_output/bin/golangci-lint run

 fmt:
 ifndef HAS_GOFUMPT
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ that version's release branch, as listed below:

 |Descheduler Version|Docs link|
 |---|---|
-|v0.32.x|[`release-1.32`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.32/README.md)|
 |v0.31.x|[`release-1.31`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.31/README.md)|
 |v0.30.x|[`release-1.30`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.30/README.md)|
 |v0.29.x|[`release-1.29`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.29/README.md)|
+|v0.28.x|[`release-1.28`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/release-1.28/README.md)|

 The
 [`master`](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/blob/master/README.md)
@@ -93,17 +93,17 @@ See the [resources | Kustomize](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/references/ku

 Run As A Job
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/job?ref=release-1.32' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/job?ref=release-1.31' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```

 Run As A CronJob
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/cronjob?ref=release-1.32' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/cronjob?ref=release-1.31' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```

 Run As A Deployment
 ```
-kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/deployment?ref=release-1.32' | kubectl apply -f -
+kustomize build 'github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/kubernetes/deployment?ref=release-1.31' | kubectl apply -f -
 ```

 ## User Guide
@@ -124,26 +124,23 @@ These are top level keys in the Descheduler Policy that you can use to configure
 | `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each node (summed through all strategies) |
 | `maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted from each namespace (summed through all strategies) |
 | `maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal` |`int`| `nil` | maximum number of pods evicted per rescheduling cycle (summed through all strategies) |
-| `metricsCollector` |`object`| `nil` | configures collection of metrics for actual resource utilization |
-| `metricsCollector.enabled` |`bool`| `false` | enables kubernetes [metrics server](https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/) collection |

 ### Evictor Plugin configuration (Default Evictor)

 The Default Evictor Plugin is used by default for filtering pods before processing them in an strategy plugin, or for applying a PreEvictionFilter of pods before eviction. You can also create your own Evictor Plugin or use the Default one provided by Descheduler.  Other uses for the Evictor plugin can be to sort, filter, validate or group pods by different criteria, and that's why this is handled by a plugin and not configured in the top level config.

-| Name                      |type| Default Value | Description                                                                                                                 |
-|---------------------------|----|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `nodeSelector`            |`string`| `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed                                                                                      |
-| `evictLocalStoragePods`   |`bool`| `false` | allows eviction of pods with local storage                                                                                  |
+| Name |type| Default Value | Description |
+|------|----|---------------|-------------|
+| `nodeSelector` |`string`| `nil` | limiting the nodes which are processed |
+| `evictLocalStoragePods` |`bool`| `false` | allows eviction of pods with local storage |
 | `evictSystemCriticalPods` |`bool`| `false` | [Warning: Will evict Kubernetes system pods] allows eviction of pods with any priority, including system pods like kube-dns |
-| `ignorePvcPods`           |`bool`| `false` | set whether PVC pods should be evicted or ignored                                                                           |
-| `evictFailedBarePods`     |`bool`| `false` | allow eviction of pods without owner references and in failed phase                                                         |
-| `labelSelector`           |`metav1.LabelSelector`|| (see [label filtering](#label-filtering))                                                                                   |
-| `priorityThreshold`       |`priorityThreshold`|| (see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))                                                                             |
-| `nodeFit`                 |`bool`|`false`| (see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))                                                                             |
-| `minReplicas`             |`uint`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods where owner (e.g. `ReplicaSet`) replicas is below this threshold                                    |
-| `minPodAge`               |`metav1.Duration`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods with a creation time within this threshold                                                          |
-| `ignorePodsWithoutPDB`    |`bool`|`false`| set whether pods without PodDisruptionBudget should be evicted or ignored                                                   |
+| `ignorePvcPods` |`bool`| `false` | set whether PVC pods should be evicted or ignored |
+| `evictFailedBarePods` |`bool`| `false` | allow eviction of pods without owner references and in failed phase |
+|`labelSelector`|`metav1.LabelSelector`||(see [label filtering](#label-filtering))|
+|`priorityThreshold`|`priorityThreshold`||(see [priority filtering](#priority-filtering))|
+|`nodeFit`|`bool`|`false`|(see [node fit filtering](#node-fit-filtering))|
+|`minReplicas`|`uint`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods where owner (e.g. `ReplicaSet`) replicas is below this threshold |
+|`minPodAge`|`metav1.Duration`|`0`| ignore eviction of pods with a creation time within this threshold |

 ### Example policy

@@ -160,8 +157,6 @@ nodeSelector: "node=node1" # you don't need to set this, if not set all will be
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
 maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal: 5000 # you don't need to set this, unlimited if not set
-metricsCollector:
-  enabled: true # you don't need to set this, metrics are not collected if not set
 profiles:
  - name: ProfileName
    pluginConfig:
@@ -281,13 +276,11 @@ If that parameter is set to `true`, the thresholds are considered as percentage
 `thresholds` will be deducted from the mean among all nodes and `targetThresholds` will be added to the mean.
 A resource consumption above (resp. below) this window is considered as overutilization (resp. underutilization).

-**NOTE:** By default node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
+**NOTE:** Node resource consumption is determined by the requests and limits of pods, not actual usage.
 This approach is chosen in order to maintain consistency with the kube-scheduler, which follows the same
 design for scheduling pods onto nodes. This means that resource usage as reported by Kubelet (or commands
 like `kubectl top`) may differ from the calculated consumption, due to these components reporting
-actual usage metrics. Metrics-based descheduling can be enabled by setting `metricsUtilization.metricsServer` field.
-In order to have the plugin consume the metrics the metric collector needs to be configured as well.
-See `metricsCollector` field at [Top Level configuration](#top-level-configuration) for available options.
+actual usage metrics. Implementing metrics-based descheduling is currently TODO for the project.

 **Parameters:**

@@ -298,9 +291,6 @@ See `metricsCollector` field at [Top Level configuration](#top-level-configurati
 |`targetThresholds`|map(string:int)|
 |`numberOfNodes`|int|
 |`evictableNamespaces`|(see [namespace filtering](#namespace-filtering))|
-|`metricsUtilization`|object|
-|`metricsUtilization.metricsServer`|bool|
-

 **Example:**

@@ -320,8 +310,6 @@ profiles:
          "cpu" : 50
          "memory": 50
          "pods": 50
-        metricsUtilization:
-          metricsServer: true
    plugins:
      balance:
        enabled:
@@ -870,7 +858,7 @@ does not exist, descheduler won't create it and will throw an error.

 ### Label filtering

-The following strategies can configure a [standard kubernetes labelSelector](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.32/#labelselector-v1-meta)
+The following strategies can configure a [standard kubernetes labelSelector](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.31/#labelselector-v1-meta)
 to filter pods by their labels:

 * `PodLifeTime`
@@ -1009,11 +997,6 @@ packages that it is compiled with.

 | Descheduler | Supported Kubernetes Version |
 |-------------|------------------------------|
-| v0.32       | v1.32                        |
-| v0.31       | v1.31                        |
-| v0.30       | v1.30                        |
-| v0.29       | v1.29                        |
-| v0.28       | v1.28                        |
 | v0.27       | v1.27                        |
 | v0.26       | v1.26                        |
 | v0.25       | v1.25                        |
--- a/charts/descheduler/Chart.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/Chart.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 apiVersion: v1
 name: descheduler
-version: 0.32.2
-appVersion: 0.32.2
+version: 0.31.0
+appVersion: 0.31.0
 description: Descheduler for Kubernetes is used to rebalance clusters by evicting pods that can potentially be scheduled on better nodes. In the current implementation, descheduler does not schedule replacement of evicted pods but relies on the default scheduler for that.
 keywords:
 - kubernetes
--- a/charts/descheduler/README.md
+++ b/charts/descheduler/README.md
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ The following table lists the configurable parameters of the _descheduler_ chart
 | `replicas`                          | The replica count for Deployment                                                                                      | `1`                                       |
 | `leaderElection`                    | The options for high availability when running replicated components                                                  | _see values.yaml_                         |
 | `cmdOptions`                        | The options to pass to the _descheduler_ command                                                                      | _see values.yaml_                         |
+| `deschedulerPolicy.strategies`      | The _descheduler_ strategies to apply                                                                                 | _see values.yaml_                         |
 | `priorityClassName`                 | The name of the priority class to add to pods                                                                         | `system-cluster-critical`                 |
 | `rbac.create`                       | If `true`, create & use RBAC resources                                                                                | `true`                                    |
 | `resources`                         | Descheduler container CPU and memory requests/limits                                                                  | _see values.yaml_                         |
--- a/charts/descheduler/templates/clusterrole.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/templates/clusterrole.yaml
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ rules:
 - apiGroups: ["scheduling.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["priorityclasses"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
- apiGroups: ["policy"]
-  resources: ["poddisruptionbudgets"]
-  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
 {{- if .Values.leaderElection.enabled }}
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["leases"]
@@ -36,9 +33,4 @@ rules:
  resourceNames: ["{{ .Values.leaderElection.resourceName | default "descheduler" }}"]
  verbs: ["get", "patch", "delete"]
 {{- end }}
-{{- if and .Values.deschedulerPolicy .Values.deschedulerPolicy.metricsCollector .Values.deschedulerPolicy.metricsCollector.enabled }}
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
-{{- end }}
 {{- end -}}
--- a/charts/descheduler/templates/cronjob.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/templates/cronjob.yaml
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ spec:
  {{- if .Values.startingDeadlineSeconds }}
  startingDeadlineSeconds: {{ .Values.startingDeadlineSeconds }}
  {{- end }}
-  {{- if ne .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit nil }}
+  {{- if .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit }}
  successfulJobsHistoryLimit: {{ .Values.successfulJobsHistoryLimit }}
  {{- end }}
-  {{- if ne .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit nil }}
+  {{- if .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit }}
  failedJobsHistoryLimit: {{ .Values.failedJobsHistoryLimit }}
  {{- end }}
  {{- if .Values.timeZone }}
@@ -89,8 +89,6 @@ spec:
                {{- end }}
              livenessProbe:
                {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 16 }}
-              ports:
-                {{- toYaml .Values.ports | nindent 16 }}
              resources:
                {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 16 }}
              {{- if .Values.securityContext }}
--- a/charts/descheduler/templates/deployment.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/templates/deployment.yaml
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ spec:
            {{- end }}
            {{- include "descheduler.leaderElection" . | nindent 12 }}
          ports:
-            {{- toYaml .Values.ports | nindent 12 }}
+            - containerPort: 10258
+              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 12 }}
          resources:
--- a/charts/descheduler/values.yaml
+++ b/charts/descheduler/values.yaml
@@ -18,13 +18,9 @@ resources:
  requests:
    cpu: 500m
    memory: 256Mi
-  limits:
-    cpu: 500m
-    memory: 256Mi
-
-ports:
-  - containerPort: 10258
-    protocol: TCP
+  # limits:
+  #   cpu: 100m
+  #   memory: 128Mi

 securityContext:
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
@@ -96,8 +92,6 @@ deschedulerPolicy:
  # nodeSelector: "key1=value1,key2=value2"
  # maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode: 10
  # maxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace: 10
-  # metricsCollector:
-  #   enabled: true
  # ignorePvcPods: true
  # evictLocalStoragePods: true
  # evictDaemonSetPods: true
--- a/cmd/descheduler/app/options/options.go
+++ b/cmd/descheduler/app/options/options.go
@@ -18,28 +18,19 @@ limitations under the License.
 package options

 import (
-	"strings"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
-
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	apiserver "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server"
 	apiserveroptions "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/options"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-
-	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
-	cliflag "k8s.io/component-base/cli/flag"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
 	componentbaseoptions "k8s.io/component-base/config/options"
-	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1"
 	deschedulerscheme "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/scheme"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 )

@@ -51,17 +42,12 @@ const (
 type DeschedulerServer struct {
 	componentconfig.DeschedulerConfiguration

-	Client            clientset.Interface
-	EventClient       clientset.Interface
-	MetricsClient     metricsclient.Interface
-	SecureServing     *apiserveroptions.SecureServingOptionsWithLoopback
-	SecureServingInfo *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
-	DisableMetrics    bool
-	EnableHTTP2       bool
-	// FeatureGates enabled by the user
-	FeatureGates map[string]bool
-	// DefaultFeatureGates for internal accessing so unit tests can enable/disable specific features
-	DefaultFeatureGates featuregate.FeatureGate
+	Client         clientset.Interface
+	EventClient    clientset.Interface
+	MetricsClient  metricsclient.Interface
+	SecureServing  *apiserveroptions.SecureServingOptionsWithLoopback
+	DisableMetrics bool
+	EnableHTTP2    bool
 }

 // NewDeschedulerServer creates a new DeschedulerServer with default parameters
@@ -119,31 +105,8 @@ func (rs *DeschedulerServer) AddFlags(fs *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	fs.Float64Var(&rs.Tracing.SampleRate, "otel-sample-rate", 1.0, "Sample rate to collect the Traces")
 	fs.BoolVar(&rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError, "otel-fallback-no-op-on-error", false, "Fallback to NoOp Tracer in case of error")
 	fs.BoolVar(&rs.EnableHTTP2, "enable-http2", false, "If http/2 should be enabled for the metrics and health check")
-	fs.Var(cliflag.NewMapStringBool(&rs.FeatureGates), "feature-gates", "A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features. "+
-		"Options are:\n"+strings.Join(features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate.KnownFeatures(), "\n"))

 	componentbaseoptions.BindLeaderElectionFlags(&rs.LeaderElection, fs)

 	rs.SecureServing.AddFlags(fs)
 }
-
-func (rs *DeschedulerServer) Apply() error {
-	err := features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate.SetFromMap(rs.FeatureGates)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = features.DefaultMutableFeatureGate
-
-	// loopbackClientConfig is a config for a privileged loopback connection
-	var loopbackClientConfig *restclient.Config
-	var secureServing *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
-	if err := rs.SecureServing.ApplyTo(&secureServing, &loopbackClientConfig); err != nil {
-		klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply secure server configuration")
-		return err
-	}
-
-	secureServing.DisableHTTP2 = !rs.EnableHTTP2
-	rs.SecureServingInfo = secureServing
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/cmd/descheduler/app/server.go
+++ b/cmd/descheduler/app/server.go
@@ -23,16 +23,19 @@ import (
 	"os/signal"
 	"syscall"

-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/healthz"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"

+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
-	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/healthz"
+	apiserver "k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server"
 	"k8s.io/apiserver/pkg/server/mux"
+	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/component-base/logs"
 	logsapi "k8s.io/component-base/logs/api/v1"
@@ -64,16 +67,40 @@ func NewDeschedulerCommand(out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
 			return nil
 		},
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-			if err = s.Apply(); err != nil {
-				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply")
+			// loopbackClientConfig is a config for a privileged loopback connection
+			var loopbackClientConfig *restclient.Config
+			var secureServing *apiserver.SecureServingInfo
+			if err := s.SecureServing.ApplyTo(&secureServing, &loopbackClientConfig); err != nil {
+				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to apply secure server configuration")
 				return err
 			}

-			if err = Run(cmd.Context(), s); err != nil {
-				klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to run descheduler server")
+			secureServing.DisableHTTP2 = !s.EnableHTTP2
+
+			ctx, done := signal.NotifyContext(cmd.Context(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+
+			pathRecorderMux := mux.NewPathRecorderMux("descheduler")
+			if !s.DisableMetrics {
+				pathRecorderMux.Handle("/metrics", legacyregistry.HandlerWithReset())
+			}
+
+			healthz.InstallHandler(pathRecorderMux, healthz.NamedCheck("Descheduler", healthz.PingHealthz.Check))
+
+			stoppedCh, _, err := secureServing.Serve(pathRecorderMux, 0, ctx.Done())
+			if err != nil {
+				klog.Fatalf("failed to start secure server: %v", err)
 				return err
 			}

+			if err = Run(ctx, s); err != nil {
+				klog.ErrorS(err, "descheduler server")
+				return err
+			}
+
+			done()
+			// wait for metrics server to close
+			<-stoppedCh
+
 			return nil
 		},
 	}
@@ -87,23 +114,8 @@ func NewDeschedulerCommand(out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
 	return cmd
 }

-func Run(rootCtx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
-	ctx, done := signal.NotifyContext(rootCtx, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-
-	pathRecorderMux := mux.NewPathRecorderMux("descheduler")
-	if !rs.DisableMetrics {
-		pathRecorderMux.Handle("/metrics", legacyregistry.HandlerWithReset())
-	}
-
-	healthz.InstallHandler(pathRecorderMux, healthz.NamedCheck("Descheduler", healthz.PingHealthz.Check))
-
-	stoppedCh, _, err := rs.SecureServingInfo.Serve(pathRecorderMux, 0, ctx.Done())
-	if err != nil {
-		klog.Fatalf("failed to start secure server: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = tracing.NewTracerProvider(ctx, rs.Tracing.CollectorEndpoint, rs.Tracing.TransportCert, rs.Tracing.ServiceName, rs.Tracing.ServiceNamespace, rs.Tracing.SampleRate, rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError)
+func Run(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
+	err := tracing.NewTracerProvider(ctx, rs.Tracing.CollectorEndpoint, rs.Tracing.TransportCert, rs.Tracing.ServiceName, rs.Tracing.ServiceNamespace, rs.Tracing.SampleRate, rs.Tracing.FallbackToNoOpProviderOnError)
 	if err != nil {
 		klog.ErrorS(err, "failed to create tracer provider")
 	}
@@ -112,14 +124,5 @@ func Run(rootCtx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer) error {
 	// increase the fake watch channel so the dry-run mode can be run
 	// over a cluster with thousands of pods
 	watch.DefaultChanSize = 100000
-	err = descheduler.Run(ctx, rs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	done()
-	// wait for metrics server to close
-	<-stoppedCh
-
-	return nil
+	return descheduler.Run(ctx, rs)
 }
--- a/docs/cli/descheduler.md
+++ b/docs/cli/descheduler.md
@@ -23,17 +23,13 @@ descheduler [flags]
      --disable-metrics                          Disables metrics. The metrics are by default served through https://localhost:10258/metrics. Secure address, resp. port can be changed through --bind-address, resp. --secure-port flags.
      --dry-run                                  Execute descheduler in dry run mode.
      --enable-http2                             If http/2 should be enabled for the metrics and health check
-      --feature-gates mapStringBool              A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for alpha/experimental features. Options are:
-                                                 AllAlpha=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)
-                                                 AllBeta=true|false (BETA - default=false)
-                                                 EvictionsInBackground=true|false (ALPHA - default=false)
  -h, --help                                     help for descheduler
      --http2-max-streams-per-connection int     The limit that the server gives to clients for the maximum number of streams in an HTTP/2 connection. Zero means to use golang's default.
      --kubeconfig string                        File with kube configuration. Deprecated, use client-connection-kubeconfig instead.
      --leader-elect                             Start a leader election client and gain leadership before executing the main loop. Enable this when running replicated components for high availability.
      --leader-elect-lease-duration duration     The duration that non-leader candidates will wait after observing a leadership renewal until attempting to acquire leadership of a led but unrenewed leader slot. This is effectively the maximum duration that a leader can be stopped before it is replaced by another candidate. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 2m17s)
      --leader-elect-renew-deadline duration     The interval between attempts by the acting master to renew a leadership slot before it stops leading. This must be less than the lease duration. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 1m47s)
-      --leader-elect-resource-lock string        The type of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. Supported options are 'leases'. (default "leases")
+      --leader-elect-resource-lock string        The type of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. Supported options are 'leases', 'endpointsleases' and 'configmapsleases'. (default "leases")
      --leader-elect-resource-name string        The name of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. (default "descheduler")
      --leader-elect-resource-namespace string   The namespace of resource object that is used for locking during leader election. (default "kube-system")
      --leader-elect-retry-period duration       The duration the clients should wait between attempting acquisition and renewal of a leadership. This is only applicable if leader election is enabled. (default 26s)
--- a/docs/contributor-guide.md
+++ b/docs/contributor-guide.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ## Required Tools

 - [Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)
- [Go 1.23+](https://golang.org/dl/)
+- [Go 1.16+](https://golang.org/dl/)
 - [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/install/)
 - [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl)
 - [kind v0.10.0+](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/)
--- a/docs/user-guide.md
+++ b/docs/user-guide.md
@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ Starting with descheduler release v0.10.0 container images are available in the

 Descheduler Version | Container Image                                 | Architectures           |
 ------------------- |-------------------------------------------------|-------------------------|
-v0.32.2             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.2 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.32.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
-v0.32.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.31.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.31.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.30.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.30.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.30.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
 v0.29.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.29.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
+v0.28.1             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.28.1 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |
+v0.28.0             | registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.28.0 | AMD64<br>ARM64<br>ARMv7 |

 Note that multi-arch container images cannot be pulled by [kind](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io) from a registry. Therefore
 starting with descheduler release v0.20.0 use the below process to download the official descheduler
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module sigs.k8s.io/descheduler

-go 1.23.3
+go 1.22.5

 require (
 	github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4
@@ -13,25 +13,20 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.28.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.28.0
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.65.0
-	k8s.io/api v0.32.0
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.32.0
-	k8s.io/apiserver v0.32.0
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.32.0
-	k8s.io/code-generator v0.32.0
-	k8s.io/component-base v0.32.0
-	k8s.io/component-helpers v0.32.0
+	k8s.io/api v0.31.0
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.31.0
+	k8s.io/apiserver v0.31.0
+	k8s.io/client-go v0.31.0
+	k8s.io/code-generator v0.31.0
+	k8s.io/component-base v0.31.0
+	k8s.io/component-helpers v0.31.0
 	k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.130.1
-	k8s.io/metrics v0.32.0
-	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20241210054802-24370beab758
-	kubevirt.io/api v1.3.0
-	kubevirt.io/client-go v1.3.0
-	kubevirt.io/containerized-data-importer-api v1.60.1 // indirect; drops dependency on o/api
+	k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20240711033017-18e509b52bc8
 	sigs.k8s.io/mdtoc v1.1.0
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0
 )

 require (
-	cel.dev/expr v0.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 // indirect
@@ -48,27 +43,23 @@ require (
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-kit/kit v0.13.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-kit/log v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/zapr v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.6 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.20.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.22.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/glog v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20210514010506-3b9f47219fe7 // indirect
-	github.com/google/btree v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/google/cel-go v0.22.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/cel-go v0.20.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gnostic-models v0.6.8 // indirect
 	github.com/google/gofuzz v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.20.0 // indirect
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.6 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
@@ -77,55 +68,49 @@ require (
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/openshift/custom-resource-status v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stoewer/go-strcase v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.16 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.16 // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.16 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.14 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/pkg/v3 v3.5.14 // indirect
+	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.14 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.53.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.53.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.28.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.31.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240719175910-8a7402abbf56 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.30.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.23.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.26.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240826202546-f6391c0de4c7 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240826202546-f6391c0de4c7 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230515195305-f3d0a9c9a5cc // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.3.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20240123012728-ef4313101c80 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240701130421-f6361c86f094 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240701130421-f6361c86f094 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/evanphx/json-patch.v4 v4.12.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver v0.30.0 // indirect
-	k8s.io/gengo/v2 v2.0.0-20240911193312-2b36238f13e9 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kms v0.32.0 // indirect
-	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.30.0 // indirect
-	kubevirt.io/controller-lifecycle-operator-sdk/api v0.0.0-20220329064328-f3cc58c6ed90 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.31.0 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20241010143419-9aa6b5e7a4b3 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.2 // indirect
+	k8s.io/gengo/v2 v2.0.0-20240228010128-51d4e06bde70 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kms v0.31.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20240228011516-70dd3763d340 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/apiserver-network-proxy/konnectivity-client v0.30.3 // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/json v0.0.0-20221116044647-bc3834ca7abd // indirect
+	sigs.k8s.io/structured-merge-diff/v4 v4.4.1 // indirect
 )

-replace k8s.io/kube-openapi => k8s.io/kube-openapi v0.0.0-20240430033511-f0e62f92d13f
-
-replace golang.org/x/net => golang.org/x/net v0.33.0
-
-replace golang.org/x/crypto => golang.org/x/crypto v0.31.0
+replace go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc => go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.47.0
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-cel.dev/expr v0.18.0 h1:CJ6drgk+Hf96lkLikr4rFf19WrU0BOWEihyZnI2TAzo=
-cel.dev/expr v0.18.0/go.mod h1:MrpN08Q+lEBs+bGYdLxxHkZoUSsCp0nSKTs0nTymJgw=
-cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.112.0 h1:tpFCD7hpHFlQ8yPwT3x+QeXqc2T6+n6T+hmABHfDUSM=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.23.3 h1:6sVlXXBmbd7jNX0Ipq0trII3e4n1/MsADLK6a+aiVlk=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 h1:Tz+eQXMEqDIKRsmY3cHTL6FVaynIjX2QxYC4trgAKZc=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0/go.mod h1:zFmK7XCadkQkj6TtorcaGlCW1hT1fIilQDwofLpJ20k=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v0.0.0-20170623195520-56545f4a5d46/go.mod h1:3wb06e3pkSAbeQ52E9H9iFoQsEEwGN64994WTCIhntQ=
 github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v1.1.1 h1:ZUDjpQae29j0ryrS0u/B8HZfJBtBQHjqw2rQ2cqUQ3I=
 github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v1.1.1/go.mod h1:n/CVRwUEOgIxrgPvAQhUUr9oeUtvrhMomdKFjzJNB0c=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.1.1/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0 h1:lxCg3LAv+EUK6t1i0y1V6/SLeUi0eKEKdhQAlS8TVTI=
 github.com/antlr4-go/antlr/v4 v4.13.0/go.mod h1:pfChB/xh/Unjila75QW7+VU4TSnWnnk9UTnmpPaOR2g=
 github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20190424111038-f61b66f89f4a h1:idn718Q4B6AGu/h5Sxe66HYVdqdGu2l9Iebqhi/AEoA=
@@ -18,20 +16,12 @@ github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0 h1:1PFHFE6yCCTv8C1TeyNNarDzntLi7wMI5i/pzqYIsAM
 github.com/blang/semver/v4 v4.0.0/go.mod h1:IbckMUScFkM3pff0VJDNKRiT6TG/YpiHIM2yvyW5YoQ=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:Y3VNntkOUPxTVeUxJ/G5vcM//AlwfmyYozVcomhLiZE=
-github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20230802225258-3cf4e6d46a89/go.mod h1:GKljq0VrfU4D5yc+2qA6OVr8pmO/MBbPEWqWQ/oqGEs=
-github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.9.2/go.mod h1:LkSXJKONWTCHAfQasKFUZI+mxqS4tZqhmtGzzhLsnLs=
-github.com/chromedp/sysutil v1.0.0/go.mod h1:kgWmDdq8fTzXYcKIBqIYvRRTnYb9aNS9moAV0xufSww=
-github.com/chzyer/logex v1.1.10/go.mod h1:+Ywpsq7O8HXn0nuIou7OrIPyXbp3wmkHB+jjWRnGsAI=
-github.com/chzyer/logex v1.2.1/go.mod h1:JLbx6lG2kDbNRFnfkgvh4eRJRPX1QCoOIWomwysCBrQ=
-github.com/chzyer/readline v0.0.0-20180603132655-2972be24d48e/go.mod h1:nSuG5e5PlCu98SY8svDHJxuZscDgtXS6KTTbou5AhLI=
-github.com/chzyer/readline v1.5.1/go.mod h1:Eh+b79XXUwfKfcPLepksvw2tcLE/Ct21YObkaSkeBlk=
-github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMnBNeIyt5eFwwo7qiLfzFZmjNmxjkiQlU=
-github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0/go.mod h1:2JlltgoNkt4TW/z9V/IzDdFaMTM2JPIi26O1pF38GC8=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4 h1:ta993UF76GwbvJcIo3Y68y/M3WxlpEHPWIGDkJYwzJI=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240423153145-555b57ec207b h1:ga8SEFjZ60pxLcmhnThWgvH2wg8376yUJmPhEH4H3kw=
+github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20240423153145-555b57ec207b/go.mod h1:W+zGtBO5Y1IgJhy4+A9GOqVhqLpfZi+vwmdNXUehLA8=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1 h1:yi21YpKnrx1gt5R+la8n5WgS0kCrsPp33dmEyHReZr4=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.1/go.mod h1:irMmmIw/7yzSRPWryHsK7EYSg09caPQL03VsM8rvUec=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 h1:RrqgGjYQKalulkV8NGVIfkXQf6YYmOyiJKk8iXXhfZs=
@@ -43,121 +33,61 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSs
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/docopt/docopt-go v0.0.0-20180111231733-ee0de3bc6815/go.mod h1:WwZ+bS3ebgob9U8Nd0kOddGdZWjyMGR8Wziv+TBNwSE=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 h1:GzkhY7T5VNhEkwH0PVJgjz+fX1rhBrR7pRT3mDkpeCY=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1/go.mod h1:Mu1zIs6XwVuF/gI1OepvI0qD18qycQx+mFykh5fBlto=
-github.com/elazarl/goproxy v0.0.0-20180725130230-947c36da3153/go.mod h1:/Zj4wYkgs4iZTTu3o/KG3Itv/qCCa8VVMlb3i9OVuzc=
-github.com/emicklei/go-restful v2.9.5+incompatible/go.mod h1:otzb+WCGbkyDHkqmQmT5YD2WR4BBwUdeQoFo8l/7tVs=
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--- a/hack/lib/go.sh
+++ b/hack/lib/go.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 go::verify_version() {
  GO_VERSION=($(go version))

-  if [[ -z $(echo "${GO_VERSION[2]}" | grep -E 'go1.21|go1.22|go1.23') ]]; then
+  if [[ -z $(echo "${GO_VERSION[2]}" | grep -E 'go1.20|go1.21|go1.22') ]]; then
    echo "Unknown go version '${GO_VERSION[2]}', skipping gofmt."
    exit 1
  fi
--- a/hack/verify-vendor.sh
+++ b/hack/verify-vendor.sh
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pushd "${DESCHEDULER_ROOT}" > /dev/null 2>&1
    ret=1
  fi

-  if ! _out="$(diff -Naupr -x "BUILD" -x "AUTHORS*" -x "CONTRIBUTORS*" -x "README*" vendor "${_deschedulertmp}/vendor")"; then
+  if ! _out="$(diff -Naupr -x "BUILD" -x "AUTHORS*" -x "CONTRIBUTORS*" vendor "${_deschedulertmp}/vendor")"; then
    echo "Your vendored results are different:" >&2
    echo "${_out}" >&2
    echo "Vendor Verify failed." >&2
--- a/kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ rules:
 - apiGroups: ["scheduling.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["priorityclasses"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
- apiGroups: ["policy"]
-  resources: ["poddisruptionbudgets"]
-  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]
 - apiGroups: ["coordination.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["leases"]
  verbs: ["create", "update"]
@@ -32,9 +29,6 @@ rules:
  resources: ["leases"]
  resourceNames: ["descheduler"]
  verbs: ["get", "patch", "delete"]
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["nodes", "pods"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
--- a/kubernetes/cronjob/cronjob.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/cronjob/cronjob.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ spec:
          priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
          containers:
          - name: descheduler
-            image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.2
+            image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.31.0
            volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /policy-dir
              name: policy-volume
--- a/kubernetes/deployment/deployment.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/deployment/deployment.yaml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ spec:
      serviceAccountName: descheduler-sa
      containers:
        - name: descheduler
-          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.2
+          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.31.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          command:
            - "/bin/descheduler"
--- a/kubernetes/job/job.yaml
+++ b/kubernetes/job/job.yaml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      containers:
        - name: descheduler
-          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.32.2
+          image: registry.k8s.io/descheduler/descheduler:v0.31.0
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /policy-dir
            name: policy-volume
--- a/pkg/api/types.go
+++ b/pkg/api/types.go
@@ -42,10 +42,6 @@ type DeschedulerPolicy struct {
 	// MaxNoOfPodsToTotal restricts maximum of pods to be evicted total.
 	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal *uint

-	// EvictionFailureEventNotification should be set to true to enable eviction failure event notification.
-	// Default is false.
-	EvictionFailureEventNotification *bool
-
 	// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
 	MetricsCollector MetricsCollector
 }
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/types.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/types.go
@@ -41,11 +41,7 @@ type DeschedulerPolicy struct {
 	// MaxNoOfPodsToTotal restricts maximum of pods to be evicted total.
 	MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal *uint `json:"maxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal,omitempty"`

-	// EvictionFailureEventNotification should be set to true to enable eviction failure event notification.
-	// Default is false.
-	EvictionFailureEventNotification *bool
-
-	// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics for actual resource utilization
+	// MetricsCollector configures collection of metrics about actual resource utilization
 	MetricsCollector MetricsCollector `json:"metricsCollector,omitempty"`
 }

@@ -78,5 +74,5 @@ type PluginSet struct {
 type MetricsCollector struct {
 	// Enabled metrics collection from kubernetes metrics.
 	// Later, the collection can be extended to other providers.
-	Enabled bool `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+	Enabled bool
 }
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.conversion.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.conversion.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -46,16 +46,6 @@ func RegisterConversions(s *runtime.Scheme) error {
 	}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*MetricsCollector)(nil), (*api.MetricsCollector)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
-		return Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(a.(*MetricsCollector), b.(*api.MetricsCollector), scope)
-	}); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.MetricsCollector)(nil), (*MetricsCollector)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
-		return Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(a.(*api.MetricsCollector), b.(*MetricsCollector), scope)
-	}); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	if err := s.AddGeneratedConversionFunc((*api.PluginConfig)(nil), (*PluginConfig)(nil), func(a, b interface{}, scope conversion.Scope) error {
 		return Convert_api_PluginConfig_To_v1alpha2_PluginConfig(a.(*api.PluginConfig), b.(*PluginConfig), scope)
 	}); err != nil {
@@ -115,10 +105,6 @@ func autoConvert_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy_To_api_DeschedulerPolicy(in *Desched
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal))
-	out.EvictionFailureEventNotification = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(in.EvictionFailureEventNotification))
-	if err := Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(&in.MetricsCollector, &out.MetricsCollector, s); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -138,10 +124,6 @@ func autoConvert_api_DeschedulerPolicy_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerPolicy(in *api.Des
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace))
 	out.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal = (*uint)(unsafe.Pointer(in.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal))
-	out.EvictionFailureEventNotification = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(in.EvictionFailureEventNotification))
-	if err := Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(&in.MetricsCollector, &out.MetricsCollector, s); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	return nil
 }

@@ -193,26 +175,6 @@ func Convert_api_DeschedulerProfile_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerProfile(in *api.Desch
 	return autoConvert_api_DeschedulerProfile_To_v1alpha2_DeschedulerProfile(in, out, s)
 }

-func autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in *MetricsCollector, out *api.MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
-	out.Enabled = in.Enabled
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector is an autogenerated conversion function.
-func Convert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in *MetricsCollector, out *api.MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
-	return autoConvert_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector_To_api_MetricsCollector(in, out, s)
-}
-
-func autoConvert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in *api.MetricsCollector, out *MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
-	out.Enabled = in.Enabled
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector is an autogenerated conversion function.
-func Convert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in *api.MetricsCollector, out *MetricsCollector, s conversion.Scope) error {
-	return autoConvert_api_MetricsCollector_To_v1alpha2_MetricsCollector(in, out, s)
-}
-
 func autoConvert_v1alpha2_PluginConfig_To_api_PluginConfig(in *PluginConfig, out *api.PluginConfig, s conversion.Scope) error {
 	out.Name = in.Name
 	if err := runtime.Convert_runtime_RawExtension_To_runtime_Object(&in.Args, &out.Args, s); err != nil {
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -56,12 +56,6 @@ func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 		*out = new(uint)
 		**out = **in
 	}
-	if in.EvictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
-		in, out := &in.EvictionFailureEventNotification, &out.EvictionFailureEventNotification
-		*out = new(bool)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	out.MetricsCollector = in.MetricsCollector
 	return
 }

@@ -107,22 +101,6 @@ func (in *DeschedulerProfile) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerProfile {
 	return out
 }

-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsCollector) {
-	*out = *in
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsCollector.
-func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopy() *MetricsCollector {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(MetricsCollector)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *PluginConfig) DeepCopyInto(out *PluginConfig) {
 	*out = *in
--- a/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/api/v1alpha2/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/api/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/api/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -56,12 +56,6 @@ func (in *DeschedulerPolicy) DeepCopyInto(out *DeschedulerPolicy) {
 		*out = new(uint)
 		**out = **in
 	}
-	if in.EvictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
-		in, out := &in.EvictionFailureEventNotification, &out.EvictionFailureEventNotification
-		*out = new(bool)
-		**out = **in
-	}
-	out.MetricsCollector = in.MetricsCollector
 	return
 }

@@ -107,22 +101,6 @@ func (in *DeschedulerProfile) DeepCopy() *DeschedulerProfile {
 	return out
 }

-// DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
-func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopyInto(out *MetricsCollector) {
-	*out = *in
-	return
-}
-
-// DeepCopy is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, creating a new MetricsCollector.
-func (in *MetricsCollector) DeepCopy() *MetricsCollector {
-	if in == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	out := new(MetricsCollector)
-	in.DeepCopyInto(out)
-	return out
-}
-
 // DeepCopyInto is an autogenerated deepcopy function, copying the receiver, writing into out. in must be non-nil.
 func (in *Namespaces) DeepCopyInto(out *Namespaces) {
 	*out = *in
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.conversion.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.conversion.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/v1alpha1/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/apis/componentconfig/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/apis/componentconfig/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/descheduler/client/client.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/client/client.go
@@ -19,13 +19,14 @@ package client
 import (
 	"fmt"

-	// Ensure to load all auth plugins.
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+
+	// Ensure to load all auth plugins.
 	_ "k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
-	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
-	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
 )

 func createConfig(clientConnection componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration, userAgt string) (*rest.Config, error) {
--- a/pkg/descheduler/descheduler.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/descheduler.go
@@ -25,10 +25,8 @@ import (

 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
-
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
-	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	schedulingv1 "k8s.io/api/scheduling/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
@@ -125,8 +123,7 @@ func (ir *informerResources) CopyTo(fakeClient *fakeclientset.Clientset, newFact
 	return nil
 }

-func newDescheduler(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string, eventRecorder events.EventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory,
-) (*descheduler, error) {
+func newDescheduler(rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion string, eventRecorder events.EventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory informers.SharedInformerFactory) (*descheduler, error) {
 	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()

 	ir := newInformerResources(sharedInformerFactory)
@@ -134,47 +131,29 @@ func newDescheduler(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer, deschedu
 		v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("nodes"),
 		// Future work could be to let each plugin declare what type of resources it needs; that way dry runs would stay
 		// consistent with the real runs without having to keep the list here in sync.
-		v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("namespaces"),                 // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
-		schedulingv1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("priorityclasses"),  // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
-		policyv1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("poddisruptionbudgets"), // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
-
-	) // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+		v1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("namespaces"),                // Used by the defaultevictor plugin
+		schedulingv1.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("priorityclasses")) // Used by the defaultevictor plugin

 	getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
 	}

-	podEvictor, err := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
-		ctx,
-		rs.Client,
+	podEvictor := evictions.NewPodEvictor(
+		nil,
 		eventRecorder,
-		podInformer,
-		rs.DefaultFeatureGates,
 		evictions.NewOptions().
 			WithPolicyGroupVersion(evictionPolicyGroupVersion).
 			WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNode).
 			WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNamespace(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace).
 			WithMaxPodsToEvictTotal(deschedulerPolicy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictTotal).
-			WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(deschedulerPolicy.EvictionFailureEventNotification).
 			WithDryRun(rs.DryRun).
 			WithMetricsEnabled(!rs.DisableMetrics),
 	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}

 	var metricsCollector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
 	if deschedulerPolicy.MetricsCollector.Enabled {
-		nodeSelector := labels.Everything()
-		if deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector != nil {
-			sel, err := labels.Parse(*deschedulerPolicy.NodeSelector)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			nodeSelector = sel
-		}
-		metricsCollector = metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister(), rs.MetricsClient, nodeSelector)
+		metricsCollector = metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(rs.Client, rs.MetricsClient)
 	}

 	return &descheduler{
@@ -245,7 +224,7 @@ func (d *descheduler) runDeschedulerLoop(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)

 	d.runProfiles(ctx, client, nodes)

-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of evictions/requests", "totalEvicted", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(), "evictionRequests", d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests())
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Number of evicted pods", "totalEvicted", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted())

 	return nil
 }
@@ -435,7 +414,7 @@ func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer
 	eventBroadcaster, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, eventClient)
 	defer eventBroadcaster.Shutdown()

-	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(ctx, rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion, eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
+	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(rs, deschedulerPolicy, evictionPolicyGroupVersion, eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
 	if err != nil {
 		span.AddEvent("Failed to create new descheduler", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 		return err
@@ -445,21 +424,12 @@ func RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx context.Context, rs *options.DeschedulerServer

 	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
 	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-	descheduler.podEvictor.WaitForEventHandlersSync(ctx)

-	if deschedulerPolicy.MetricsCollector.Enabled {
-		go func() {
-			klog.V(2).Infof("Starting metrics collector")
-			descheduler.metricsCollector.Run(ctx)
-			klog.V(2).Infof("Stopped metrics collector")
-		}()
-		klog.V(2).Infof("Waiting for metrics collector to sync")
-		if err := wait.PollWithContext(ctx, time.Second, time.Minute, func(context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
-			return descheduler.metricsCollector.HasSynced(), nil
-		}); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for metrics collector to sync: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
+	go func() {
+		klog.V(2).Infof("Starting metrics collector")
+		descheduler.metricsCollector.Run(ctx)
+		klog.V(2).Infof("Stopped metrics collector")
+	}()

 	wait.NonSlidingUntil(func() {
 		// A next context is created here intentionally to avoid nesting the spans via context.
--- a/pkg/descheduler/descheduler_test.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/descheduler_test.go
@@ -2,35 +2,27 @@ package descheduler

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
-	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
-	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
 	apiversion "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/version"
 	fakediscovery "k8s.io/client-go/discovery/fake"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
-	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
-	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
 	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/cmd/descheduler/app/options"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
@@ -41,28 +33,6 @@ import (
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

-var (
-	podEvictionError     = errors.New("PodEvictionError")
-	tooManyRequestsError = &apierrors.StatusError{
-		ErrStatus: metav1.Status{
-			Status:  metav1.StatusFailure,
-			Code:    http.StatusTooManyRequests,
-			Reason:  metav1.StatusReasonTooManyRequests,
-			Message: "admission webhook \"virt-launcher-eviction-interceptor.kubevirt.io\" denied the request: Eviction triggered evacuation of VMI",
-		},
-	}
-	nodesgvr = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
-	podsgvr  = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "pods"}
-)
-
-func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
-	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
-	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
-		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-	})
-	return featureGates
-}
-
 func initPluginRegistry() {
 	pluginregistry.PluginRegistry = pluginregistry.NewRegistry()
 	pluginregistry.Register(removeduplicates.PluginName, removeduplicates.New, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicates{}, &removeduplicates.RemoveDuplicatesArgs{}, removeduplicates.ValidateRemoveDuplicatesArgs, removeduplicates.SetDefaults_RemoveDuplicatesArgs, pluginregistry.PluginRegistry)
@@ -173,7 +143,7 @@ func lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(thresholds, targetThresholds api.ResourceThreshold
 	}
 }

-func initDescheduler(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, featureGates featuregate.FeatureGate, internalDeschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, metricsClient metricsclient.Interface, objects ...runtime.Object) (*options.DeschedulerServer, *descheduler, *fakeclientset.Clientset) {
+func initDescheduler(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, internalDeschedulerPolicy *api.DeschedulerPolicy, objects ...runtime.Object) (*options.DeschedulerServer, *descheduler, *fakeclientset.Clientset) {
 	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(objects...)
 	eventClient := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(objects...)

@@ -183,13 +153,11 @@ func initDescheduler(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, featureGates featuregate
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
-	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = featureGates
-	rs.MetricsClient = metricsClient

 	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactoryWithOptions(rs.Client, 0, informers.WithTransform(trimManagedFields))
 	eventBroadcaster, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, client)

-	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(ctx, rs, internalDeschedulerPolicy, "v1", eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
+	descheduler, err := newDescheduler(rs, internalDeschedulerPolicy, "v1", eventRecorder, sharedInformerFactory)
 	if err != nil {
 		eventBroadcaster.Shutdown()
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to create a descheduler instance: %v", err)
@@ -220,7 +188,6 @@ func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
-	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

 	pods, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -244,7 +211,7 @@ func TestTaintsUpdated(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods))

 	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy(), "v1"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to run descheduler strategies: %v", err)
@@ -283,7 +250,6 @@ func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
-	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

 	pods, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -295,7 +261,7 @@ func TestDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods))

 	if err := RunDeschedulerStrategies(ctx, rs, removeDuplicatesPolicy(), "v1"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to run descheduler strategies: %v", err)
@@ -323,7 +289,6 @@ func TestRootCancel(t *testing.T) {
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
 	rs.DeschedulingInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	defer close(errChan)

@@ -359,7 +324,6 @@ func TestRootCancelWithNoInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	rs.Client = client
 	rs.EventClient = eventClient
 	rs.DeschedulingInterval = 0
-	rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	defer close(errChan)

@@ -438,7 +402,7 @@ func TestValidateVersionCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(evictedPods *[]string, isEvictionsInBackground func(podName string) bool, evictionErr error) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+func podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(evictedPods *[]string) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
 	return func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
 		if action.GetSubresource() == "eviction" {
 			createAct, matched := action.(core.CreateActionImpl)
@@ -446,14 +410,7 @@ func podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(evictedPods *[]string, isEvictionsInBackgroun
 				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert action to core.CreateActionImpl")
 			}
 			if eviction, matched := createAct.Object.(*policy.Eviction); matched {
-				if isEvictionsInBackground != nil && isEvictionsInBackground(eviction.GetName()) {
-					return true, nil, tooManyRequestsError
-				}
-				if evictionErr != nil {
-					return true, nil, evictionErr
-				}
 				*evictedPods = append(*evictedPods, eviction.GetName())
-				return true, nil, nil
 			}
 		}
 		return false, nil, nil // fallback to the default reactor
@@ -489,15 +446,15 @@ func TestPodEvictorReset(t *testing.T) {

 	internalDeschedulerPolicy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
 	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	rs, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, initFeatureGates(), internalDeschedulerPolicy, nil, node1, node2, p1, p2)
+	rs, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, internalDeschedulerPolicy, node1, node2, p1, p2)
 	defer cancel()

 	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, nil, nil))
+	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods))

 	var fakeEvictedPods []string
 	descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, nil)
+		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods)
 	}

 	// a single pod eviction expected
@@ -540,138 +497,6 @@ func TestPodEvictorReset(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func checkTotals(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, descheduler *descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted uint) {
-	if total := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); total != totalEvictionRequests {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total eviction requests, got %v instead", totalEvictionRequests, total)
-	}
-	if total := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); total != totalEvicted {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total evictions, got %v instead", totalEvicted, total)
-	}
-	t.Logf("Total evictions: %v, total eviction requests: %v, total evictions and eviction requests: %v", totalEvicted, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted+totalEvictionRequests)
-}
-
-func runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node, descheduler *descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted uint) {
-	err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
-	}
-	checkTotals(t, ctx, descheduler, totalEvictionRequests, totalEvicted)
-}
-
-func TestEvictionRequestsCache(t *testing.T) {
-	initPluginRegistry()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, taintNodeNoSchedule)
-	node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
-	nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
-
-	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
-	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
-		pod.Namespace = "dev"
-		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
-		pod.Status.Phase = v1.PodRunning
-	}
-	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
-		updatePod(pod)
-		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
-			evictions.EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
-		}
-	}
-
-	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
-	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
-	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
-	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
-	p5 := test.BuildTestPod("p5", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
-
-	internalDeschedulerPolicy := removePodsViolatingNodeTaintsPolicy()
-	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
-	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
-		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-	})
-	_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, featureGates, internalDeschedulerPolicy, nil, node1, node2, p1, p2, p3, p4)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	var fakeEvictedPods []string
-	descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-		return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, podEvictionError)
-	}
-
-	var evictedPods []string
-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, func(name string) bool { return name == "p1" || name == "p2" }, nil))
-
-	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
-
-	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
-	// No evicted pod is actually deleted on purpose so the test can run the descheduling cycle repeatedly
-	// without recreating the pods.
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
-
-	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background got initiated")
-	p2.Annotations[evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey] = ""
-	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
-	}
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
-
-	klog.Infof("Scenario: Another eviction in background got initiated")
-	p1.Annotations[evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey] = ""
-	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p1, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
-	}
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	klog.Infof("Repeat the same as previously to confirm no more evictions in background are requested")
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 2, 2)
-
-	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background completed")
-	if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p1.Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), p1.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
-	}
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 2)
-
-	klog.Infof("Scenario: A new pod without eviction in background added")
-	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p5.Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), p5, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
-	}
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions increased after running a descheduling cycle")
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 3)
-
-	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background canceled => eviction in progress annotation removed")
-	delete(p2.Annotations, evictions.EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey)
-	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to update a pod: %v", err)
-	}
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
-	checkTotals(t, ctx, descheduler, 0, 3)
-
-	klog.Infof("Scenario: Re-run the descheduling cycle to re-request eviction in background")
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 1, 3)
-
-	klog.Infof("Scenario: Eviction in background completed with a pod in completed state")
-	p2.Status.Phase = v1.PodSucceeded
-	if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(p2.Namespace).Update(context.TODO(), p2, metav1.UpdateOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
-	}
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	klog.Infof("Check the number of evictions in background decreased")
-	runDeschedulingCycleAndCheckTotals(t, ctx, nodes, descheduler, 0, 3)
-}
-
 func TestDeschedulingLimits(t *testing.T) {
 	initPluginRegistry()

@@ -715,13 +540,6 @@ func TestDeschedulingLimits(t *testing.T) {
 		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
 	}

-	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
-		updatePod(pod)
-		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
-			evictions.EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
-		}
-	}
-
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			ctx := context.Background()
@@ -729,59 +547,39 @@ func TestDeschedulingLimits(t *testing.T) {
 			node2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
 			nodes := []*v1.Node{node1, node2}
 			ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
-			featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
-				features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-			})
-			_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, featureGates, tc.policy, nil, node1, node2)
+			_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(t, ctxCancel, tc.policy, node1, node2)
 			defer cancel()

-			var fakeEvictedPods []string
-			descheduler.podEvictionReactionFnc = func(*fakeclientset.Clientset) func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-				return podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&fakeEvictedPods, nil, podEvictionError)
-			}
-
-			var evictedPods []string
-			client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", podEvictionReactionTestingFnc(&evictedPods, func(name string) bool { return name == "p1" || name == "p2" }, nil))
-
-			rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
 			pods := []*v1.Pod{
-				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground),
-				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
+				test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
 				test.BuildTestPod("p5", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod),
 			}

-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-				rand.Shuffle(len(pods), func(i, j int) { pods[i], pods[j] = pods[j], pods[i] })
-				func() {
-					for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
-						idx := j
-						if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), pods[idx], metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-							t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
-						}
-						defer func() {
-							if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), pods[idx].Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
-								t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
-							}
-						}()
+			for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
+				idx := j
+				if _, err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Create(context.TODO(), pods[idx], metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("unable to create a pod: %v", err)
+				}
+				defer func() {
+					if err := client.CoreV1().Pods(pods[idx].Namespace).Delete(context.TODO(), pods[idx].Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("unable to delete a pod: %v", err)
 					}
-					time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-					klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
-					err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
-					if err != nil {
-						t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
-					}
-					totalERs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()
-					totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
-					if totalERs+totalEs > tc.limit {
-						t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions and eviction requests in total, got %v instead", tc.limit, totalERs+totalEs)
-					}
-					t.Logf("Total evictions and eviction requests: %v (er=%v, e=%v)", totalERs+totalEs, totalERs, totalEs)
 				}()
 			}
+			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+			err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
+			}
+			totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
+			if totalEs > tc.limit {
+				t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions in total, got %v instead", tc.limit, totalEs)
+			}
+			t.Logf("Total evictions: %v", totalEs)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -805,6 +603,24 @@ func TestLoadAwareDescheduling(t *testing.T) {
 	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
 	p5 := test.BuildTestPod("p5", 300, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)

+	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	_, descheduler, client := initDescheduler(
+		t,
+		ctxCancel,
+		lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(
+			api.ResourceThresholds{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
+				v1.ResourcePods: 30,
+			},
+			api.ResourceThresholds{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
+				v1.ResourcePods: 50,
+			},
+			true, // enabled metrics utilization
+		),
+		node1, node2, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)
+	defer cancel()
+
 	nodemetricses := []*v1beta1.NodeMetrics{
 		test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 2400, 3000),
 		test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 400, 0),
@@ -818,39 +634,16 @@ func TestLoadAwareDescheduling(t *testing.T) {
 		test.BuildPodMetrics("p5", 400, 0),
 	}

-	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
+	var metricsObjs []runtime.Object
 	for _, nodemetrics := range nodemetricses {
-		metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, nodemetrics, "")
+		metricsObjs = append(metricsObjs, nodemetrics)
 	}
 	for _, podmetrics := range podmetricses {
-		metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(podsgvr, podmetrics, podmetrics.Namespace)
+		metricsObjs = append(metricsObjs, podmetrics)
 	}

-	policy := lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(
-		api.ResourceThresholds{
-			v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
-			v1.ResourcePods: 30,
-		},
-		api.ResourceThresholds{
-			v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
-			v1.ResourcePods: 50,
-		},
-		true, // enabled metrics utilization
-	)
-	policy.MetricsCollector.Enabled = true
-
-	ctxCancel, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	_, descheduler, _ := initDescheduler(
-		t,
-		ctxCancel,
-		initFeatureGates(),
-		policy,
-		metricsClientset,
-		node1, node2, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// This needs to be run since the metrics collector is started
-	// after newDescheduler in RunDeschedulerStrategies.
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset(metricsObjs...)
+	descheduler.metricsCollector = metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(client, metricsClientset)
 	descheduler.metricsCollector.Collect(ctx)

 	err := descheduler.runDeschedulerLoop(ctx, nodes)
@@ -858,7 +651,7 @@ func TestLoadAwareDescheduling(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to run a descheduling loop: %v", err)
 	}
 	totalEs := descheduler.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
-	if totalEs != 2 {
+	if totalEs != 2  {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected %v evictions in total, got %v instead", 2, totalEs)
 	}
 	t.Logf("Total evictions: %v", totalEs)
--- a/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions.go
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ package evictions
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"time"

 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
@@ -29,176 +27,15 @@ import (
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
-	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
+
 	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
 )

-var (
-	assumedEvictionRequestTimeoutSeconds uint          = 10 * 60 // 10 minutes
-	evictionRequestsCacheResyncPeriod    time.Duration = 10 * time.Minute
-	// syncedPollPeriod controls how often you look at the status of your sync funcs
-	syncedPollPeriod = 100 * time.Millisecond
-)
-
-type evictionRequestItem struct {
-	podName, podNamespace, podNodeName string
-	evictionAssumed                    bool
-	assumedTimestamp                   metav1.Time
-}
-
-type evictionRequestsCache struct {
-	mu                           sync.RWMutex
-	requests                     map[string]evictionRequestItem
-	requestsPerNode              map[string]uint
-	requestsPerNamespace         map[string]uint
-	requestsTotal                uint
-	assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds uint
-}
-
-func newEvictionRequestsCache(assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds uint) *evictionRequestsCache {
-	return &evictionRequestsCache{
-		requests:                     make(map[string]evictionRequestItem),
-		requestsPerNode:              make(map[string]uint),
-		requestsPerNamespace:         make(map[string]uint),
-		assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds: assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds,
-	}
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) run(ctx context.Context) {
-	wait.UntilWithContext(ctx, erc.cleanCache, evictionRequestsCacheResyncPeriod)
-}
-
-// cleanCache removes all assumed entries that has not been confirmed
-// for more than a specified timeout
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) cleanCache(ctx context.Context) {
-	erc.mu.Lock()
-	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
-	klog.V(4).Infof("Cleaning cache of assumed eviction requests in background")
-	for uid, item := range erc.requests {
-		if item.evictionAssumed {
-			requestAgeSeconds := uint(metav1.Now().Sub(item.assumedTimestamp.Local()).Seconds())
-			if requestAgeSeconds > erc.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds {
-				klog.V(4).InfoS("Assumed eviction request in background timed out, deleting", "timeout", erc.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds, "podNamespace", item.podNamespace, "podName", item.podName)
-				erc.deleteItem(uid)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsPerNode(nodeName string) uint {
-	erc.mu.RLock()
-	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
-	return erc.requestsPerNode[nodeName]
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns string) uint {
-	erc.mu.RLock()
-	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
-	return erc.requestsPerNamespace[ns]
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) evictionRequestsTotal() uint {
-	erc.mu.RLock()
-	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
-	return erc.requestsTotal
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) TotalEvictionRequests() uint {
-	erc.mu.RLock()
-	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
-	return uint(len(erc.requests))
-}
-
-// getPodKey returns the string key of a pod.
-func getPodKey(pod *v1.Pod) string {
-	uid := string(pod.UID)
-	// Every pod is expected to have the UID set.
-	// When the descheduling framework is used for simulation
-	// user created workload may forget to set the UID.
-	if len(uid) == 0 {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot get cache key for %v/%v pod with empty UID", pod.Namespace, pod.Name))
-	}
-	return uid
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) addPod(pod *v1.Pod) {
-	erc.mu.Lock()
-	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
-	uid := getPodKey(pod)
-	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
-		return
-	}
-	erc.requests[uid] = evictionRequestItem{podNamespace: pod.Namespace, podName: pod.Name, podNodeName: pod.Spec.NodeName}
-	erc.requestsPerNode[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
-	erc.requestsPerNamespace[pod.Namespace]++
-	erc.requestsTotal++
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) assumePod(pod *v1.Pod) {
-	erc.mu.Lock()
-	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
-	uid := getPodKey(pod)
-	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
-		return
-	}
-	erc.requests[uid] = evictionRequestItem{
-		podNamespace:     pod.Namespace,
-		podName:          pod.Name,
-		podNodeName:      pod.Spec.NodeName,
-		evictionAssumed:  true,
-		assumedTimestamp: metav1.NewTime(time.Now()),
-	}
-	erc.requestsPerNode[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
-	erc.requestsPerNamespace[pod.Namespace]++
-	erc.requestsTotal++
-}
-
-// no locking, expected to be invoked from protected methods only
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) deleteItem(uid string) {
-	erc.requestsPerNode[erc.requests[uid].podNodeName]--
-	if erc.requestsPerNode[erc.requests[uid].podNodeName] == 0 {
-		delete(erc.requestsPerNode, erc.requests[uid].podNodeName)
-	}
-	erc.requestsPerNamespace[erc.requests[uid].podNamespace]--
-	if erc.requestsPerNamespace[erc.requests[uid].podNamespace] == 0 {
-		delete(erc.requestsPerNamespace, erc.requests[uid].podNamespace)
-	}
-	erc.requestsTotal--
-	delete(erc.requests, uid)
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) deletePod(pod *v1.Pod) {
-	erc.mu.Lock()
-	defer erc.mu.Unlock()
-	uid := getPodKey(pod)
-	if _, exists := erc.requests[uid]; exists {
-		erc.deleteItem(uid)
-	}
-}
-
-func (erc *evictionRequestsCache) hasPod(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
-	erc.mu.RLock()
-	defer erc.mu.RUnlock()
-	uid := getPodKey(pod)
-	_, exists := erc.requests[uid]
-	return exists
-}
-
-var (
-	EvictionRequestAnnotationKey    = "descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/request-evict-only"
-	EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey = "descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/eviction-in-progress"
-	EvictionInBackgroundErrorText   = "Eviction triggered evacuation"
-)
-
 // nodePodEvictedCount keeps count of pods evicted on node
 type (
 	nodePodEvictedCount    map[string]uint
@@ -206,184 +43,54 @@ type (
 )

 type PodEvictor struct {
-	mu                               sync.RWMutex
-	client                           clientset.Interface
-	policyGroupVersion               string
-	dryRun                           bool
-	evictionFailureEventNotification bool
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
-	nodePodCount                     nodePodEvictedCount
-	namespacePodCount                namespacePodEvictCount
-	totalPodCount                    uint
-	metricsEnabled                   bool
-	eventRecorder                    events.EventRecorder
-	erCache                          *evictionRequestsCache
-	featureGates                     featuregate.FeatureGate
-
-	// registeredHandlers contains the registrations of all handlers. It's used to check if all handlers have finished syncing before the scheduling cycles start.
-	registeredHandlers []cache.ResourceEventHandlerRegistration
+	mu                         sync.Mutex
+	client                     clientset.Interface
+	policyGroupVersion         string
+	dryRun                     bool
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNode      *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictTotal        *uint
+	nodePodCount               nodePodEvictedCount
+	namespacePodCount          namespacePodEvictCount
+	totalPodCount              uint
+	metricsEnabled             bool
+	eventRecorder              events.EventRecorder
 }

 func NewPodEvictor(
-	ctx context.Context,
 	client clientset.Interface,
 	eventRecorder events.EventRecorder,
-	podInformer cache.SharedIndexInformer,
-	featureGates featuregate.FeatureGate,
 	options *Options,
-) (*PodEvictor, error) {
+) *PodEvictor {
 	if options == nil {
 		options = NewOptions()
 	}

-	podEvictor := &PodEvictor{
-		client:                           client,
-		eventRecorder:                    eventRecorder,
-		policyGroupVersion:               options.policyGroupVersion,
-		dryRun:                           options.dryRun,
-		evictionFailureEventNotification: options.evictionFailureEventNotification,
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            options.maxPodsToEvictPerNode,
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       options.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace,
-		maxPodsToEvictTotal:              options.maxPodsToEvictTotal,
-		metricsEnabled:                   options.metricsEnabled,
-		nodePodCount:                     make(nodePodEvictedCount),
-		namespacePodCount:                make(namespacePodEvictCount),
-		featureGates:                     featureGates,
+	return &PodEvictor{
+		client:                     client,
+		eventRecorder:              eventRecorder,
+		policyGroupVersion:         options.policyGroupVersion,
+		dryRun:                     options.dryRun,
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      options.maxPodsToEvictPerNode,
+		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: options.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace,
+		maxPodsToEvictTotal:        options.maxPodsToEvictTotal,
+		metricsEnabled:             options.metricsEnabled,
+		nodePodCount:               make(nodePodEvictedCount),
+		namespacePodCount:          make(namespacePodEvictCount),
 	}
-
-	if featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
-		erCache := newEvictionRequestsCache(assumedEvictionRequestTimeoutSeconds)
-
-		handlerRegistration, err := podInformer.AddEventHandler(
-			cache.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
-				AddFunc: func(obj interface{}) {
-					pod, ok := obj.(*v1.Pod)
-					if !ok {
-						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", obj)
-						return
-					}
-					if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
-						if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; exists {
-							// Ignore completed/suceeeded or failed pods
-							if pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodSucceeded && pod.Status.Phase != v1.PodFailed {
-								klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background detected. Adding pod to the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
-								erCache.addPod(pod)
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				},
-				UpdateFunc: func(oldObj, newObj interface{}) {
-					oldPod, ok := oldObj.(*v1.Pod)
-					if !ok {
-						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert oldObj to *v1.Pod", "oldObj", oldObj)
-						return
-					}
-					newPod, ok := newObj.(*v1.Pod)
-					if !ok {
-						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert newObj to *v1.Pod", "newObj", newObj)
-						return
-					}
-					// Ignore pod's that are not subject to an eviction in background
-					if _, exists := newPod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; !exists {
-						if erCache.hasPod(newPod) {
-							klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background lost annotation. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
-						}
-						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
-						return
-					}
-					// Remove completed/suceeeded or failed pods from the cache
-					if newPod.Status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded || newPod.Status.Phase == v1.PodFailed {
-						klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background completed. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
-						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
-						return
-					}
-					// Ignore any pod that does not have eviction in progress
-					if _, exists := newPod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; !exists {
-						// In case EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey annotation is not present/removed
-						// it's unclear whether the eviction was restarted or terminated.
-						// If the eviction gets restarted the pod needs to be removed from the cache
-						// to allow re-triggering the eviction.
-						if _, exists := oldPod.Annotations[EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey]; !exists {
-							return
-						}
-						// the annotation was removed -> remove the pod from the cache to allow to
-						// request for eviction again. In case the eviction got restarted requesting
-						// the eviction again is expected to be a no-op. In case the eviction
-						// got terminated with no-retry, requesting a new eviction is a normal
-						// operation.
-						klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background canceled (annotation removed). Removing pod from the cache.", "annotation", EvictionInProgressAnnotationKey, "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
-						erCache.deletePod(newPod)
-						return
-					}
-					// Pick up the eviction in progress
-					if !erCache.hasPod(newPod) {
-						klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background detected. Updating the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(newPod))
-					}
-					erCache.addPod(newPod)
-				},
-				DeleteFunc: func(obj interface{}) {
-					var pod *v1.Pod
-					switch t := obj.(type) {
-					case *v1.Pod:
-						pod = t
-					case cache.DeletedFinalStateUnknown:
-						var ok bool
-						pod, ok = t.Obj.(*v1.Pod)
-						if !ok {
-							klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", t.Obj)
-							return
-						}
-					default:
-						klog.ErrorS(nil, "Cannot convert to *v1.Pod", "obj", t)
-						return
-					}
-					if erCache.hasPod(pod) {
-						klog.V(3).InfoS("Pod with eviction in background deleted/evicted. Removing pod from the cache.", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
-					}
-					erCache.deletePod(pod)
-				},
-			},
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to register event handler for pod evictor: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		podEvictor.registeredHandlers = append(podEvictor.registeredHandlers, handlerRegistration)
-
-		go erCache.run(ctx)
-
-		podEvictor.erCache = erCache
-	}
-
-	return podEvictor, nil
-}
-
-// WaitForEventHandlersSync waits for EventHandlers to sync.
-// It returns true if it was successful, false if the controller should shut down
-func (pe *PodEvictor) WaitForEventHandlersSync(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return wait.PollUntilContextCancel(ctx, syncedPollPeriod, true, func(ctx context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
-		for _, handler := range pe.registeredHandlers {
-			if !handler.HasSynced() {
-				return false, nil
-			}
-		}
-		return true, nil
-	})
 }

 // NodeEvicted gives a number of pods evicted for node
 func (pe *PodEvictor) NodeEvicted(node *v1.Node) uint {
-	pe.mu.RLock()
-	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	pe.mu.Lock()
+	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
 	return pe.nodePodCount[node.Name]
 }

 // TotalEvicted gives a number of pods evicted through all nodes
 func (pe *PodEvictor) TotalEvicted() uint {
-	pe.mu.RLock()
-	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
+	pe.mu.Lock()
+	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
 	return pe.totalPodCount
 }

@@ -401,46 +108,6 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) SetClient(client clientset.Interface) {
 	pe.client = client
 }

-func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsTotal() uint {
-	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
-		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsTotal()
-	} else {
-		return 0
-	}
-}
-
-func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsPerNode(node string) uint {
-	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
-		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsPerNode(node)
-	} else {
-		return 0
-	}
-}
-
-func (pe *PodEvictor) evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns string) uint {
-	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
-		return pe.erCache.evictionRequestsPerNamespace(ns)
-	} else {
-		return 0
-	}
-}
-
-func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictionRequests(node *v1.Node) uint {
-	pe.mu.RLock()
-	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
-	return pe.evictionRequestsTotal()
-}
-
-func (pe *PodEvictor) TotalEvictionRequests() uint {
-	pe.mu.RLock()
-	defer pe.mu.RUnlock()
-	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
-		return pe.erCache.TotalEvictionRequests()
-	} else {
-		return 0
-	}
-}
-
 // EvictOptions provides a handle for passing additional info to EvictPod
 type EvictOptions struct {
 	// Reason allows for passing details about the specific eviction for logging.
@@ -454,70 +121,45 @@ type EvictOptions struct {
 // EvictPod evicts a pod while exercising eviction limits.
 // Returns true when the pod is evicted on the server side.
 func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptions) error {
-	if len(pod.UID) == 0 {
-		klog.InfoS("Ignoring pod eviction due to missing UID", "pod", pod)
-		return fmt.Errorf("Pod %v is missing UID", klog.KObj(pod))
-	}
-
-	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
-		// eviction in background requested
-		if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
-			if pe.erCache.hasPod(pod) {
-				klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background already requested (ignoring)", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	pe.mu.Lock()
 	defer pe.mu.Unlock()
-
 	var span trace.Span
 	ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, "EvictPod", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("podName", pod.Name), attribute.String("podNamespace", pod.Namespace), attribute.String("reason", opts.Reason), attribute.String("operation", tracing.EvictOperation)))
 	defer span.End()

-	if pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal != nil && pe.totalPodCount+pe.evictionRequestsTotal()+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal {
+	if pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal != nil && pe.totalPodCount+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal {
 		err := NewEvictionTotalLimitError()
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
 			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
 		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal)
-		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
-			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: total eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictTotal)
-		}
 		return err
 	}

 	if pod.Spec.NodeName != "" {
-		if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode != nil && pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]+pe.evictionRequestsPerNode(pod.Spec.NodeName)+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode {
+		if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode != nil && pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode {
 			err := NewEvictionNodeLimitError(pod.Spec.NodeName)
 			if pe.metricsEnabled {
 				metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 			}
 			span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
 			klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode, "node", pod.Spec.NodeName)
-			if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
-				pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: node eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNode)
-			}
 			return err
 		}
 	}

-	if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace != nil && pe.namespacePodCount[pod.Namespace]+pe.evictionRequestsPerNamespace(pod.Namespace)+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace {
+	if pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace != nil && pe.namespacePodCount[pod.Namespace]+1 > *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace {
 		err := NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError(pod.Namespace)
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
 			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": err.Error(), "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
 		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
-		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace, "namespace", pod.Namespace, "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
-		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
-			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: namespace eviction limit exceeded (%v)", pod.Spec.NodeName, *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace)
-		}
+		klog.ErrorS(err, "Error evicting pod", "limit", *pe.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace, "namespace", pod.Namespace)
 		return err
 	}

-	ignore, err := pe.evictPod(ctx, pod)
+	err := evictPod(ctx, pe.client, pod, pe.policyGroupVersion)
 	if err != nil {
 		// err is used only for logging purposes
 		span.AddEvent("Eviction Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("node", pod.Spec.NodeName), attribute.String("err", err.Error())))
@@ -525,16 +167,9 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptio
 		if pe.metricsEnabled {
 			metrics.PodsEvicted.With(map[string]string{"result": "error", "strategy": opts.StrategyName, "namespace": pod.Namespace, "node": pod.Spec.NodeName, "profile": opts.ProfileName}).Inc()
 		}
-		if pe.evictionFailureEventNotification {
-			pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeWarning, "EvictionFailed", "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: %v", pod.Spec.NodeName, err.Error())
-		}
 		return err
 	}

-	if ignore {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	if pod.Spec.NodeName != "" {
 		pe.nodePodCount[pod.Spec.NodeName]++
 	}
@@ -556,18 +191,17 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) EvictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod, opts EvictOptio
 				reason = "NotSet"
 			}
 		}
-		pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeNormal, reason, "Descheduled", "pod eviction from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler", pod.Spec.NodeName)
+		pe.eventRecorder.Eventf(pod, nil, v1.EventTypeNormal, reason, "Descheduled", "pod evicted from %v node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler", pod.Spec.NodeName)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

-// return (ignore, err)
-func (pe *PodEvictor) evictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod) (bool, error) {
+func evictPod(ctx context.Context, client clientset.Interface, pod *v1.Pod, policyGroupVersion string) error {
 	deleteOptions := &metav1.DeleteOptions{}
 	// GracePeriodSeconds ?
 	eviction := &policy.Eviction{
 		TypeMeta: metav1.TypeMeta{
-			APIVersion: pe.policyGroupVersion,
+			APIVersion: policyGroupVersion,
 			Kind:       eutils.EvictionKind,
 		},
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
@@ -576,36 +210,13 @@ func (pe *PodEvictor) evictPod(ctx context.Context, pod *v1.Pod) (bool, error) {
 		},
 		DeleteOptions: deleteOptions,
 	}
-	err := pe.client.PolicyV1().Evictions(eviction.Namespace).Evict(ctx, eviction)
-	if err == nil {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-	if pe.featureGates.Enabled(features.EvictionsInBackground) {
-		// eviction in background requested
-		if _, exists := pod.Annotations[EvictionRequestAnnotationKey]; exists {
-			// Simulating https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/pull/11532/files#diff-059cc1fc09e8b469143348cc3aa80b40de987670e008fa18a6fe010061f973c9R77
-			if apierrors.IsTooManyRequests(err) && strings.Contains(err.Error(), EvictionInBackgroundErrorText) {
-				// Ignore eviction of any pod that's failed or completed.
-				// It can happen an eviction in background ends up with the pod stuck in the completed state.
-				// Normally, any request eviction is expected to end with the pod deletion.
-				// However, some custom eviction policies may end up with completed pods around.
-				// Which leads to all the completed pods to be considered still as unfinished evictions in background.
-				if pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodSucceeded || pod.Status.Phase == v1.PodFailed {
-					klog.V(3).InfoS("Ignoring eviction of a completed/failed pod", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
-					return true, nil
-				}
-				klog.V(3).InfoS("Eviction in background assumed", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
-				pe.erCache.assumePod(pod)
-				return true, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	err := client.PolicyV1().Evictions(eviction.Namespace).Evict(ctx, eviction)

 	if apierrors.IsTooManyRequests(err) {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("error when evicting pod (ignoring) %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("error when evicting pod (ignoring) %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
 	}
 	if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("pod not found when evicting %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("pod not found when evicting %q: %v", pod.Name, err)
 	}
-	return false, err
+	return err
 }
--- a/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions_test.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/evictions/evictions_test.go
@@ -18,107 +18,57 @@ package evictions

 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
 	"testing"
-	"time"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
-	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
-	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
-	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
-
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

-const (
-	notFoundText    = "pod not found when evicting \"%s\": pods \"%s\" not found"
-	tooManyRequests = "error when evicting pod (ignoring) \"%s\": Too many requests: too many requests"
-)
-
-func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
-	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
-	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
-		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: true, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-	})
-	return featureGates
-}
-
 func TestEvictPod(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("node1", 1000, 2000, 9, nil)
 	pod1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 400, 0, "node1", nil)
 	tests := []struct {
 		description string
 		node        *v1.Node
-		evictedPod  *v1.Pod
-		pods        []runtime.Object
-		wantErr     error
+		pod         *v1.Pod
+		pods        []v1.Pod
+		want        error
 	}{
 		{
 			description: "test pod eviction - pod present",
 			node:        node1,
-			evictedPod:  pod1,
-			pods:        []runtime.Object{pod1},
+			pod:         pod1,
+			pods:        []v1.Pod{*pod1},
+			want:        nil,
 		},
 		{
-			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent (not found error)",
+			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent",
 			node:        node1,
-			evictedPod:  pod1,
-			pods:        []runtime.Object{test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
-			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf(notFoundText, pod1.Name, pod1.Name),
-		},
-		{
-			description: "test pod eviction - pod absent (too many requests error)",
-			node:        node1,
-			evictedPod:  pod1,
-			pods:        []runtime.Object{test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
-			wantErr:     fmt.Errorf(tooManyRequests, pod1.Name),
+			pod:         pod1,
+			pods:        []v1.Pod{*test.BuildTestPod("p2", 400, 0, "node1", nil), *test.BuildTestPod("p3", 450, 0, "node1", nil)},
+			want:        nil,
 		},
 	}

 	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ctx := context.Background()
-			fakeClient := fake.NewClientset(test.pods...)
-			fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods/eviction", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
-				return true, nil, test.wantErr
-			})
-			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
-			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-			eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
-			podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
-				ctx,
-				fakeClient,
-				eventRecorder,
-				sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
-				initFeatureGates(),
-				NewOptions(),
-			)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			_, got := podEvictor.evictPod(ctx, test.evictedPod)
-			if got != test.wantErr {
-				t.Errorf("Test error for Desc: %s. Expected %v pod eviction to be %v, got %v", test.description, test.evictedPod.Name, test.wantErr, got)
-			}
+		fakeClient := &fake.Clientset{}
+		fakeClient.Fake.AddReactor("list", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
+			return true, &v1.PodList{Items: test.pods}, nil
 		})
+		got := evictPod(ctx, fakeClient, test.pod, "v1")
+		if got != test.want {
+			t.Errorf("Test error for Desc: %s. Expected %v pod eviction to be %v, got %v", test.description, test.pod.Name, test.want, got)
+		}
 	}
 }

@@ -168,317 +118,50 @@ func TestPodTypes(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestNewPodEvictor(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
 	pod1 := test.BuildTestPod("pod", 400, 0, "node", nil)
-	type podEvictorTest struct {
-		description                      string
-		pod                              *v1.Pod
-		dryRun                           bool
-		evictionFailureEventNotification *bool
-		maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
-		maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
-		expectedNodeEvictions            uint
-		expectedTotalEvictions           uint
-		expectedError                    error
-		// expectedEvent is a slice of strings representing expected events.
-		// Each string in the slice should follow the format: "EventType Reason Message".
-		// - "Warning Failed processing failed"
-		events []string
-	}
-	tests := []podEvictorTest{
-		{
-			description:                      "one eviction expected with eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                              pod1,
-			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:            1,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:           1,
-			expectedError:                    nil,
-			events:                           []string{"Normal NotSet pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on total with eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                              pod1,
-			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](0),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
-			expectedError:                    NewEvictionTotalLimitError(),
-			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: total eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on node with eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                              pod1,
-			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](0),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
-			expectedError:                    NewEvictionNodeLimitError("node"),
-			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: node eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:                      "eviction limit exceeded on node with eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                              pod1,
-			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](0),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
-			expectedError:                    NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError("default"),
-			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: namespace eviction limit exceeded (0)"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:                      "eviction error with eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                              pod1,
-			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:            0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:           0,
-			expectedError:                    fmt.Errorf("eviction error"),
-			events:                           []string{"Warning EvictionFailed pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler failed: eviction error"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:                      "eviction with dryRun with eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                              pod1,
-			dryRun:                           true,
-			evictionFailureEventNotification: utilptr.To[bool](true),
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:              utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:            utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace:       utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:            1,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:           1,
-			expectedError:                    nil,
-		},
-		{
-			description:                "one eviction expected without eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                        pod1,
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:      1,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:     1,
-			expectedError:              nil,
-			events:                     []string{"Normal NotSet pod eviction from node node by sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"},
-		},
-		{
-			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on total without eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                        pod1,
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](0),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
-			expectedError:              NewEvictionTotalLimitError(),
-		},
-		{
-			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on node without eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                        pod1,
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](0),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
-			expectedError:              NewEvictionNodeLimitError("node"),
-		},
-		{
-			description:                "eviction limit exceeded on node without eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                        pod1,
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](0),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
-			expectedError:              NewEvictionNamespaceLimitError("default"),
-		},
-		{
-			description:                "eviction error without eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                        pod1,
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:      0,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:     0,
-			expectedError:              fmt.Errorf("eviction error"),
-		},
-		{
-			description:                "eviction without dryRun with eviction failure event notification",
-			pod:                        pod1,
-			dryRun:                     true,
-			maxPodsToEvictTotal:        utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNode:      utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace: utilptr.To[uint](1),
-			expectedNodeEvictions:      1,
-			expectedTotalEvictions:     1,
-			expectedError:              nil,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(pod1)
-			fakeClient.PrependReactor("create", "pods/eviction", func(action core.Action) (handled bool, ret runtime.Object, err error) {
-				return true, nil, test.expectedError
-			})

-			sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
-			sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-			sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+	fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(pod1)

-			eventRecorder := events.NewFakeRecorder(100)
+	eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}

-			podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
-				ctx,
-				fakeClient,
-				eventRecorder,
-				sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
-				initFeatureGates(),
-				NewOptions().
-					WithDryRun(test.dryRun).
-					WithMaxPodsToEvictTotal(test.maxPodsToEvictTotal).
-					WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(test.maxPodsToEvictPerNode).
-					WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(test.evictionFailureEventNotification).
-					WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNamespace(test.maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace),
-			)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			stubNode := &v1.Node{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node"}}
-
-			if actualErr := podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, test.pod, EvictOptions{}); actualErr != nil && actualErr.Error() != test.expectedError.Error() {
-				t.Errorf("Expected error: %v, got: %v", test.expectedError, actualErr)
-			}
-
-			if evictions := podEvictor.NodeEvicted(stubNode); evictions != test.expectedNodeEvictions {
-				t.Errorf("Expected %d node evictions, got %d instead", test.expectedNodeEvictions, evictions)
-			}
-
-			if evictions := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); evictions != test.expectedTotalEvictions {
-				t.Errorf("Expected %d total evictions, got %d instead", test.expectedTotalEvictions, evictions)
-			}
-
-			// Assert that the events are correct.
-			assertEqualEvents(t, test.events, eventRecorder.Events)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEvictionRequestsCacheCleanup(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	node1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
-
-	ownerRef1 := test.GetReplicaSetOwnerRefList()
-	updatePod := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
-		pod.Namespace = "dev"
-		pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = ownerRef1
-	}
-	updatePodWithEvictionInBackground := func(pod *v1.Pod) {
-		updatePod(pod)
-		pod.Annotations = map[string]string{
-			EvictionRequestAnnotationKey: "",
-		}
-	}
-
-	p1 := test.BuildTestPod("p1", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
-	p2 := test.BuildTestPod("p2", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePodWithEvictionInBackground)
-	p3 := test.BuildTestPod("p3", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
-	p4 := test.BuildTestPod("p4", 100, 0, node1.Name, updatePod)
-
-	client := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(node1, p1, p2, p3, p4)
-	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(client, 0)
-	_, eventRecorder := utils.GetRecorderAndBroadcaster(ctx, client)
-
-	podEvictor, err := NewPodEvictor(
-		ctx,
-		client,
+	podEvictor := NewPodEvictor(
+		fakeClient,
 		eventRecorder,
-		sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer(),
-		initFeatureGates(),
-		nil,
+		NewOptions().WithMaxPodsToEvictPerNode(utilptr.To[uint](1)),
 	)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error when creating a pod evictor: %v", err)
+
+	stubNode := &v1.Node{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node"}}
+
+	// 0 evictions expected
+	if evictions := podEvictor.NodeEvicted(stubNode); evictions != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 0 node evictions, got %q instead", evictions)
+	}
+	// 0 evictions expected
+	if evictions := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); evictions != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 0 total evictions, got %q instead", evictions)
 	}

-	client.PrependReactor("create", "pods", func(action core.Action) (bool, runtime.Object, error) {
-		if action.GetSubresource() == "eviction" {
-			createAct, matched := action.(core.CreateActionImpl)
-			if !matched {
-				return false, nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert action to core.CreateActionImpl")
-			}
-			if eviction, matched := createAct.Object.(*policy.Eviction); matched {
-				podName := eviction.GetName()
-				if podName == "p1" || podName == "p2" {
-					return true, nil, &apierrors.StatusError{
-						ErrStatus: metav1.Status{
-							Reason:  metav1.StatusReasonTooManyRequests,
-							Message: "Eviction triggered evacuation",
-						},
-					}
-				}
-				return true, nil, nil
-			}
-		}
-		return false, nil, nil
-	})
-
-	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p1, EvictOptions{})
-	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p2, EvictOptions{})
-	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p3, EvictOptions{})
-	podEvictor.EvictPod(ctx, p4, EvictOptions{})
-
-	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background expected, 2 normal evictions")
-	if total := podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); total != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total eviction requests, got %v instead", 2, total)
-	}
-	if total := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); total != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected %v total evictions, got %v instead", 2, total)
+	if err := podEvictor.EvictPod(context.TODO(), pod1, EvictOptions{}); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected a pod eviction, got an eviction error instead: %v", err)
 	}

-	klog.Infof("2 evictions in background assumed. Wait for few seconds and check the assumed requests timed out")
-	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-	klog.Infof("Checking the assumed requests timed out and were deleted")
-	// Set the timeout to 1s so the cleaning can be tested
-	podEvictor.erCache.assumedRequestTimeoutSeconds = 1
-	podEvictor.erCache.cleanCache(ctx)
-	if totalERs := podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests(); totalERs > 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected 0 eviction requests, got %v instead", totalERs)
-	}
-}
-
-func assertEqualEvents(t *testing.T, expected []string, actual <-chan string) {
-	t.Logf("Assert for events: %v", expected)
-	c := time.After(wait.ForeverTestTimeout)
-	for _, e := range expected {
-		select {
-		case a := <-actual:
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(a, e) {
-				t.Errorf("Expected event %q, got %q instead", e, a)
-			}
-		case <-c:
-			t.Errorf("Expected event %q, got nothing", e)
-			// continue iterating to print all expected events
-		}
-	}
-	for {
-		select {
-		case a := <-actual:
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected event: %q", a)
-		default:
-			return // No more events, as expected.
-		}
+	// 1 node eviction expected
+	if evictions := podEvictor.NodeEvicted(stubNode); evictions != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 node eviction, got %q instead", evictions)
+	}
+	// 1 total eviction expected
+	if evictions := podEvictor.TotalEvicted(); evictions != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 total evictions, got %q instead", evictions)
+	}
+
+	err := podEvictor.EvictPod(context.TODO(), pod1, EvictOptions{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected a pod eviction error, got nil instead")
+	}
+	switch err.(type) {
+	case *EvictionNodeLimitError:
+		// all good
+	default:
+		t.Errorf("Expected a pod eviction EvictionNodeLimitError error, got a different error instead: %v", err)
 	}
 }
--- a/pkg/descheduler/evictions/options.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/evictions/options.go
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ import (
 )

 type Options struct {
-	policyGroupVersion               string
-	dryRun                           bool
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNode            *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace       *uint
-	maxPodsToEvictTotal              *uint
-	evictionFailureEventNotification bool
-	metricsEnabled                   bool
+	policyGroupVersion         string
+	dryRun                     bool
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNode      *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictPerNamespace *uint
+	maxPodsToEvictTotal        *uint
+	metricsEnabled             bool
 }

 // NewOptions returns an Options with default values.
@@ -50,10 +49,3 @@ func (o *Options) WithMetricsEnabled(metricsEnabled bool) *Options {
 	o.metricsEnabled = metricsEnabled
 	return o
 }
-
-func (o *Options) WithEvictionFailureEventNotification(evictionFailureEventNotification *bool) *Options {
-	if evictionFailureEventNotification != nil {
-		o.evictionFailureEventNotification = *evictionFailureEventNotification
-	}
-	return o
-}
--- a/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector.go
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
-	listercorev1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
 )

@@ -39,22 +39,18 @@ const (
 )

 type MetricsCollector struct {
-	nodeLister       listercorev1.NodeLister
+	clientset        kubernetes.Interface
 	metricsClientset metricsclient.Interface
-	nodeSelector     labels.Selector

 	nodes map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity

-	mu sync.RWMutex
-	// hasSynced signals at least one sync succeeded
-	hasSynced bool
+	mu sync.Mutex
 }

-func NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister listercorev1.NodeLister, metricsClientset metricsclient.Interface, nodeSelector labels.Selector) *MetricsCollector {
+func NewMetricsCollector(clientset kubernetes.Interface, metricsClientset metricsclient.Interface) *MetricsCollector {
 	return &MetricsCollector{
-		nodeLister:       nodeLister,
+		clientset:        clientset,
 		metricsClientset: metricsClientset,
-		nodeSelector:     nodeSelector,
 		nodes:            make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity),
 	}
 }
@@ -65,39 +61,16 @@ func (mc *MetricsCollector) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 	}, 5*time.Second, ctx.Done())
 }

-// During experiments rounding to int error causes weightedAverage to never
-// reach value even when weightedAverage is repeated many times in a row.
-// The difference between the limit and computed average stops within 5 units.
-// Nevertheless, the value is expected to change in time. So the weighted
-// average nevers gets a chance to converge. Which makes the computed
-// error negligible.
-// The speed of convergence depends on how often the metrics collector
-// syncs with the current value. Currently, the interval is set to 5s.
 func weightedAverage(prevValue, value int64) int64 {
-	return int64(math.Round(beta*float64(prevValue) + (1-beta)*float64(value)))
-}
-
-func (mc *MetricsCollector) AllNodesUsage() (map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
-	mc.mu.RLock()
-	defer mc.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	allNodesUsage := make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
-	for nodeName := range mc.nodes {
-		allNodesUsage[nodeName] = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-			v1.ResourceCPU:    utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[nodeName][v1.ResourceCPU].DeepCopy()),
-			v1.ResourceMemory: utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](mc.nodes[nodeName][v1.ResourceMemory].DeepCopy()),
-		}
-	}
-
-	return allNodesUsage, nil
+	return int64(math.Floor(beta*float64(prevValue) + (1-beta)*float64(value)))
 }

 func (mc *MetricsCollector) NodeUsage(node *v1.Node) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error) {
-	mc.mu.RLock()
-	defer mc.mu.RUnlock()
+	mc.mu.Lock()
+	defer mc.mu.Unlock()

 	if _, exists := mc.nodes[node.Name]; !exists {
-		klog.V(4).InfoS("unable to find node in the collected metrics", "node", klog.KObj(node))
+		klog.V(4).Infof("unable to find node %q in the collected metrics", node.Name)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find node %q in the collected metrics", node.Name)
 	}
 	return map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
@@ -106,10 +79,6 @@ func (mc *MetricsCollector) NodeUsage(node *v1.Node) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resou
 	}, nil
 }

-func (mc *MetricsCollector) HasSynced() bool {
-	return mc.hasSynced
-}
-
 func (mc *MetricsCollector) MetricsClient() metricsclient.Interface {
 	return mc.metricsClientset
 }
@@ -117,15 +86,15 @@ func (mc *MetricsCollector) MetricsClient() metricsclient.Interface {
 func (mc *MetricsCollector) Collect(ctx context.Context) error {
 	mc.mu.Lock()
 	defer mc.mu.Unlock()
-	nodes, err := mc.nodeLister.List(mc.nodeSelector)
+	nodes, err := mc.clientset.CoreV1().Nodes().List(context.TODO(), metav1.ListOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to list nodes: %v", err)
 	}

-	for _, node := range nodes {
-		metrics, err := mc.metricsClientset.MetricsV1beta1().NodeMetricses().Get(ctx, node.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
+	for _, node := range nodes.Items {
+		metrics, err := mc.metricsClientset.MetricsV1beta1().NodeMetricses().Get(context.TODO(), node.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
-			klog.ErrorS(err, "Error fetching metrics", "node", node.Name)
+			fmt.Printf("Error fetching metrics for node %s: %v\n", node.Name, err)
 			// No entry -> duplicate the previous value -> do nothing as beta*PV + (1-beta)*PV = PV
 			continue
 		}
@@ -140,12 +109,17 @@ func (mc *MetricsCollector) Collect(ctx context.Context) error {
 			mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].SetMilli(
 				weightedAverage(mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), metrics.Usage.Cpu().MilliValue()),
 			)
-			mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].Set(
-				weightedAverage(mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].Value(), metrics.Usage.Memory().Value()),
+			mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].SetMilli(
+				weightedAverage(mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].MilliValue(), metrics.Usage.Memory().MilliValue()),
 			)
 		}
+
+		// Display CPU and memory usage
+		// fmt.Printf("%s: %vm, %vMi\n", node.Name, metrics.Usage.Cpu().MilliValue(), metrics.Usage.Memory().Value()/(1024*1024))
+		// fmt.Printf("%s: %vm, %vMi\n", node.Name, mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), mc.nodes[node.Name][v1.ResourceMemory].Value()/(1024*1024))
 	}

-	mc.hasSynced = true
+	fmt.Printf("--\n")
+
 	return nil
 }
--- a/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector_test.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector/metricscollector_test.go
@@ -18,20 +18,48 @@ package metricscollector

 import (
 	"context"
-	"math"
+	"os"
 	"testing"

+	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
+	metricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
+
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
+
 	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

+func TestMetricsCollector1(t *testing.T) {
+	kubeconfig := os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")
+
+	// Use the kubeconfig to build the Kubernetes client
+	config, err := clientcmd.BuildConfigFromFlags("", kubeconfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	// Create the standard Kubernetes clientset
+	clientset, err := kubernetes.NewForConfig(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	// Create the metrics clientset to access the metrics.k8s.io API
+	metricsClientset, err := metricsclient.NewForConfig(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	collector := NewMetricsCollector(clientset, metricsClientset)
+	collector.Run(context.TODO())
+	// collector.Collect(context.TODO())
+}
+
 func checkCpuNodeUsage(t *testing.T, usage map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, millicpu int64) {
 	t.Logf("current node cpu usage: %v\n", usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
 	if usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() != millicpu {
@@ -39,8 +67,8 @@ func checkCpuNodeUsage(t *testing.T, usage map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantit
 	}
 }

-func TestMetricsCollector(t *testing.T) {
-	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
+func TestMetricsCollector2(t *testing.T) {
+	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodemetricses"}

 	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
 	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
@@ -51,24 +79,13 @@ func TestMetricsCollector(t *testing.T) {
 	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)

 	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3)
-	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n1metrics, "")
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n2metrics, "")
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n3metrics, "")
-
-	ctx := context.TODO()
-	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
-	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
-	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset(n1metrics, n2metrics, n3metrics)

 	t.Logf("Set initial node cpu usage to 1400")
-	collector := NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+	collector := NewMetricsCollector(clientset, metricsClientset)
 	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
 	nodesUsage, _ := collector.NodeUsage(n2)
 	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1400)
-	allnodesUsage, _ := collector.AllNodesUsage()
-	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1400)

 	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to 500")
 	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(500, resource.DecimalSI)
@@ -76,66 +93,11 @@ func TestMetricsCollector(t *testing.T) {
 	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
 	nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
 	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1310)
-	allnodesUsage, _ = collector.AllNodesUsage()
-	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1310)

-	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to 900")
+	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to 500")
 	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(900, resource.DecimalSI)
 	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
 	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
 	nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
-	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1269)
-	allnodesUsage, _ = collector.AllNodesUsage()
-	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1269)
-}
-
-func TestMetricsCollectorConvergence(t *testing.T) {
-	gvr := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
-
-	n1 := test.BuildTestNode("n1", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
-	n2 := test.BuildTestNode("n2", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
-	n3 := test.BuildTestNode("n3", 2000, 3000, 10, nil)
-
-	n1metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n1", 400, 1714978816)
-	n2metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n2", 1400, 1714978816)
-	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)
-
-	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3)
-	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n1metrics, "")
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n2metrics, "")
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(gvr, n3metrics, "")
-
-	ctx := context.TODO()
-	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
-	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
-	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-	t.Logf("Set initial node cpu usage to 1400")
-	collector := NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
-	collector.Collect(context.TODO())
-	nodesUsage, _ := collector.NodeUsage(n2)
-	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1400)
-	allnodesUsage, _ := collector.AllNodesUsage()
-	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, allnodesUsage[n2.Name], 1400)
-
-	t.Logf("Set current node cpu/memory usage to 900/1614978816 and wait until it converges to it")
-	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(900, resource.DecimalSI)
-	n2metrics.Usage[v1.ResourceMemory] = *resource.NewQuantity(1614978816, resource.BinarySI)
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, n2metrics, "")
-	converged := false
-	for i := 0; i < 300; i++ {
-		collector.Collect(context.TODO())
-		nodesUsage, _ = collector.NodeUsage(n2)
-		if math.Abs(float64(900-nodesUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())) < 6 && math.Abs(float64(1614978816-nodesUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value())) < 6 {
-			t.Logf("Node cpu/memory usage converged to 900+-5/1614978816+-5")
-			converged = true
-			break
-		}
-		t.Logf("The current node usage: cpu=%v, memory=%v", nodesUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(), nodesUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value())
-	}
-	if !converged {
-		t.Fatalf("The node usage did not converged to 900+-1")
-	}
+	checkCpuNodeUsage(t, nodesUsage, 1268)
 }
--- a/pkg/descheduler/policyconfig.go
+++ b/pkg/descheduler/policyconfig.go
@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ func setDefaultEvictor(profile api.DeschedulerProfile, client clientset.Interfac
 			EvictSystemCriticalPods: false,
 			IgnorePvcPods:           false,
 			EvictFailedBarePods:     false,
-			IgnorePodsWithoutPDB:    false,
 		},
 	}

--- a/pkg/features/features.go
+++ b/pkg/features/features.go
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package features
-
-import (
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
-)
-
-const (
-	// Every feature gate should add method here following this template:
-	//
-	// // owner: @username
-	// // kep: kep link
-	// // alpha: v1.X
-	// MyFeature featuregate.Feature = "MyFeature"
-	//
-	// Feature gates should be listed in alphabetical, case-sensitive
-	// (upper before any lower case character) order. This reduces the risk
-	// of code conflicts because changes are more likely to be scattered
-	// across the file.
-
-	// owner: @ingvagabund
-	// kep: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/descheduler/issues/1397
-	// alpha: v1.31
-	//
-	// Enable evictions in background so users can create their own eviction policies
-	// as an alternative to immediate evictions.
-	EvictionsInBackground featuregate.Feature = "EvictionsInBackground"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	runtime.Must(DefaultMutableFeatureGate.Add(defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates))
-}
-
-// defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates consists of all known descheduler-specific feature keys.
-// To add a new feature, define a key for it above and add it here. The features will be
-// available throughout descheduler binary.
-//
-// Entries are separated from each other with blank lines to avoid sweeping gofmt changes
-// when adding or removing one entry.
-var defaultDeschedulerFeatureGates = map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
-	EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-}
-
-// DefaultMutableFeatureGate is a mutable version of DefaultFeatureGate.
-// Only top-level commands/options setup and the k8s.io/component-base/featuregate/testing package should make use of this.
-// Tests that need to modify feature gates for the duration of their test should use:
-//
-//	defer featuregatetesting.SetFeatureGateDuringTest(t, utilfeature.DefaultFeatureGate, features.<FeatureName>, <value>)()
-var DefaultMutableFeatureGate featuregate.MutableFeatureGate = featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
--- a/pkg/framework/fake/fake.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/fake/fake.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ type HandleImpl struct {
 	SharedInformerFactoryImpl     informers.SharedInformerFactory
 	EvictorFilterImpl             frameworktypes.EvictorPlugin
 	PodEvictorImpl                *evictions.PodEvictor
-	MetricsCollectorImpl          *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
+	MetricsCollectorImpl              *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
 }

 var _ frameworktypes.Handle = &HandleImpl{}
--- a/pkg/framework/fake/plugin/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/fake/plugin/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor.go
@@ -195,20 +195,6 @@ func New(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (frameworktypes.Plug
 			return nil
 		})
 	}
-
-	if defaultEvictorArgs.IgnorePodsWithoutPDB {
-		ev.constraints = append(ev.constraints, func(pod *v1.Pod) error {
-			hasPdb, err := utils.IsPodCoveredByPDB(pod, handle.SharedInformerFactory().Policy().V1().PodDisruptionBudgets().Lister())
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to check if pod is covered by PodDisruptionBudget: %w", err)
-			}
-			if !hasPdb {
-				return fmt.Errorf("no PodDisruptionBudget found for pod")
-			}
-			return nil
-		})
-	}
-
 	return ev, nil
 }

--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaultevictor_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/uuid"
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ type testCase struct {
 	description             string
 	pods                    []*v1.Pod
 	nodes                   []*v1.Node
-	pdbs                    []*policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget
 	evictFailedBarePods     bool
 	evictLocalStoragePods   bool
 	evictSystemCriticalPods bool
@@ -49,7 +47,6 @@ type testCase struct {
 	minReplicas             uint
 	minPodAge               *metav1.Duration
 	result                  bool
-	ignorePodsWithoutPDB    bool
 }

 func TestDefaultEvictorPreEvictionFilter(t *testing.T) {
@@ -742,33 +739,6 @@ func TestDefaultEvictorFilter(t *testing.T) {
 				}),
 			},
 			result: true,
-		}, {
-			description: "ignorePodsWithoutPDB, pod with no PDBs, no eviction",
-			pods: []*v1.Pod{
-				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
-					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
-					pod.Labels = map[string]string{
-						"app": "foo",
-					}
-				}),
-			},
-			ignorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
-			result:               false,
-		}, {
-			description: "ignorePodsWithoutPDB, pod with PDBs, evicts",
-			pods: []*v1.Pod{
-				test.BuildTestPod("p1", 1, 1, n1.Name, func(pod *v1.Pod) {
-					pod.ObjectMeta.OwnerReferences = test.GetNormalPodOwnerRefList()
-					pod.Labels = map[string]string{
-						"app": "foo",
-					}
-				}),
-			},
-			pdbs: []*policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget{
-				test.BuildTestPDB("pdb1", "foo"),
-			},
-			ignorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
-			result:               true,
 		},
 	}

@@ -841,15 +811,11 @@ func initializePlugin(ctx context.Context, test testCase) (frameworktypes.Plugin
 	for _, pod := range test.pods {
 		objs = append(objs, pod)
 	}
-	for _, pdb := range test.pdbs {
-		objs = append(objs, pdb)
-	}

 	fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)

 	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
 	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
-	_ = sharedInformerFactory.Policy().V1().PodDisruptionBudgets().Lister()

 	getPodsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -867,10 +833,9 @@ func initializePlugin(ctx context.Context, test testCase) (frameworktypes.Plugin
 		PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
 			Value: test.priorityThreshold,
 		},
-		NodeFit:              test.nodeFit,
-		MinReplicas:          test.minReplicas,
-		MinPodAge:            test.minPodAge,
-		IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: test.ignorePodsWithoutPDB,
+		NodeFit:     test.nodeFit,
+		MinReplicas: test.minReplicas,
+		MinPodAge:   test.minPodAge,
 	}

 	evictorPlugin, err := New(
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaults_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/defaults_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				LabelSelector:           nil,
 				PriorityThreshold:       nil,
 				NodeFit:                 false,
-				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB:    false,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -58,8 +57,7 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
 					Value: utilptr.To[int32](800),
 				},
-				NodeFit:              true,
-				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
+				NodeFit: true,
 			},
 			want: &DefaultEvictorArgs{
 				NodeSelector:            "NodeSelector",
@@ -72,8 +70,7 @@ func TestSetDefaults_DefaultEvictorArgs(t *testing.T) {
 				PriorityThreshold: &api.PriorityThreshold{
 					Value: utilptr.To[int32](800),
 				},
-				NodeFit:              true,
-				IgnorePodsWithoutPDB: true,
+				NodeFit: true,
 			},
 		},
 	}
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/types.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/types.go
@@ -36,5 +36,4 @@ type DefaultEvictorArgs struct {
 	NodeFit                 bool                   `json:"nodeFit,omitempty"`
 	MinReplicas             uint                   `json:"minReplicas,omitempty"`
 	MinPodAge               *metav1.Duration       `json:"minPodAge,omitempty"`
-	IgnorePodsWithoutPDB    bool                   `json:"ignorePodsWithoutPDB,omitempty"`
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/highnodeutilization.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/highnodeutilization.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type HighNodeUtilization struct {
 	underutilizationCriteria []interface{}
 	resourceNames            []v1.ResourceName
 	targetThresholds         api.ResourceThresholds
-	usageClient              usageClient
+	usageSnapshot            usageClient
 }

 var _ frameworktypes.BalancePlugin = &HighNodeUtilization{}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func NewHighNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (
 		targetThresholds:         targetThresholds,
 		underutilizationCriteria: underutilizationCriteria,
 		podFilter:                podFilter,
-		usageClient:              newRequestedUsageClient(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc()),
+		usageSnapshot:            newRequestedUsageSnapshot(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc()),
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -96,15 +96,15 @@ func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Name() string {

 // Balance extension point implementation for the plugin
 func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status {
-	if err := h.usageClient.sync(nodes); err != nil {
+	if err := h.usageSnapshot.capture(nodes); err != nil {
 		return &frameworktypes.Status{
 			Err: fmt.Errorf("error getting node usage: %v", err),
 		}
 	}

 	sourceNodes, highNodes := classifyNodes(
-		getNodeUsage(nodes, h.usageClient),
-		getNodeThresholds(nodes, h.args.Thresholds, h.targetThresholds, h.resourceNames, false, h.usageClient),
+		getNodeUsage(nodes, h.usageSnapshot),
+		getNodeThresholds(nodes, h.args.Thresholds, h.targetThresholds, h.resourceNames, false, h.usageSnapshot),
 		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
 			return isNodeWithLowUtilization(usage, threshold.lowResourceThreshold)
 		},
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ func (h *HighNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fr
 		h.podFilter,
 		h.resourceNames,
 		continueEvictionCond,
-		h.usageClient,
+		h.usageSnapshot,
 	)

 	return nil
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type LowNodeUtilization struct {
 	underutilizationCriteria []interface{}
 	overutilizationCriteria  []interface{}
 	resourceNames            []v1.ResourceName
-	usageClient              usageClient
+	usageSnapshot            usageClient
 }

 var _ frameworktypes.BalancePlugin = &LowNodeUtilization{}
@@ -89,14 +89,11 @@ func NewLowNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (f

 	resourceNames := getResourceNames(lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.Thresholds)

-	var usageClient usageClient
+	var usageSnapshot usageClient
 	if lowNodeUtilizationArgsArgs.MetricsUtilization.MetricsServer {
-		if handle.MetricsCollector() == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("metrics client not initialized")
-		}
-		usageClient = newActualUsageClient(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(), handle.MetricsCollector())
+		usageSnapshot = newActualUsageSnapshot(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(), handle.MetricsCollector())
 	} else {
-		usageClient = newRequestedUsageClient(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc())
+		usageSnapshot = newRequestedUsageSnapshot(resourceNames, handle.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc())
 	}

 	return &LowNodeUtilization{
@@ -106,7 +103,7 @@ func NewLowNodeUtilization(args runtime.Object, handle frameworktypes.Handle) (f
 		overutilizationCriteria:  overutilizationCriteria,
 		resourceNames:            resourceNames,
 		podFilter:                podFilter,
-		usageClient:              usageClient,
+		usageSnapshot:            usageSnapshot,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -117,15 +114,15 @@ func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Name() string {

 // Balance extension point implementation for the plugin
 func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *frameworktypes.Status {
-	if err := l.usageClient.sync(nodes); err != nil {
+	if err := l.usageSnapshot.capture(nodes); err != nil {
 		return &frameworktypes.Status{
 			Err: fmt.Errorf("error getting node usage: %v", err),
 		}
 	}

 	lowNodes, sourceNodes := classifyNodes(
-		getNodeUsage(nodes, l.usageClient),
-		getNodeThresholds(nodes, l.args.Thresholds, l.args.TargetThresholds, l.resourceNames, l.args.UseDeviationThresholds, l.usageClient),
+		getNodeUsage(nodes, l.usageSnapshot),
+		getNodeThresholds(nodes, l.args.Thresholds, l.args.TargetThresholds, l.resourceNames, l.args.UseDeviationThresholds, l.usageSnapshot),
 		// The node has to be schedulable (to be able to move workload there)
 		func(node *v1.Node, usage NodeUsage, threshold NodeThresholds) bool {
 			if nodeutil.IsNodeUnschedulable(node) {
@@ -194,7 +191,7 @@ func (l *LowNodeUtilization) Balance(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *fra
 		l.podFilter,
 		l.resourceNames,
 		continueEvictionCond,
-		l.usageClient,
+		l.usageSnapshot,
 	)

 	return nil
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/lownodeutilization_test.go
@@ -18,28 +18,36 @@ package nodeutilization

 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
+	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
+	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	core "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
 	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
 	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"

-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
-	frameworktesting "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/testing"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/utils"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
+
+	promapi "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api"
+	promv1 "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/api/prometheus/v1"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/config"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 )

 func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1137,29 +1145,20 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilization(t *testing.T) {
 				for _, pod := range tc.pods {
 					objs = append(objs, pod)
 				}
+				var metricsObjs []runtime.Object
+				for _, nodemetrics := range tc.nodemetricses {
+					metricsObjs = append(metricsObjs, nodemetrics)
+				}
+				for _, podmetrics := range tc.podmetricses {
+					metricsObjs = append(metricsObjs, podmetrics)
+				}

 				fakeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset(objs...)
-
-				var collector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector
-				if metricsEnabled {
-					metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
-					for _, nodemetrics := range tc.nodemetricses {
-						metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, nodemetrics, "")
-					}
-					for _, podmetrics := range tc.podmetricses {
-						metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(podsgvr, podmetrics, podmetrics.Namespace)
-					}
-
-					sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(fakeClient, 0)
-					nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
-					sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
-					sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
-
-					collector = metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
-					err := collector.Collect(ctx)
-					if err != nil {
-						t.Fatalf("unable to collect metrics: %v", err)
-					}
+				metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset(metricsObjs...)
+				collector := metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(fakeClient, metricsClientset)
+				err := collector.Collect(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("unable to collect metrics: %v", err)
 				}

 				podsForEviction := make(map[string]struct{})
@@ -1370,3 +1369,62 @@ func TestLowNodeUtilizationWithTaints(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestLowNodeUtilizationWithMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	return
+	roundTripper := &http.Transport{
+		Proxy: http.ProxyFromEnvironment,
+		DialContext: (&net.Dialer{
+			Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
+			KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
+		}).DialContext,
+		TLSHandshakeTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+		TLSClientConfig:     &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
+	}
+
+	AuthToken := "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkNoTW9tT2w2cWtzR2V0dURZdjBqdnBSdmdWM29lWmc3dWpfNW0yaDc2NHMifQ.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.J1i6-oRAC9J8mqrlZPKGA-CU5PbUzhm2QxAWFnu65-NXR3e252mesybwtjkwxUtTLKrsYHQXwEsG5rGcQsvMcGK9RC9y5z33DFj8tPPwOGLJYJ-s5cTImTqKtWRXzTlcrsrUYTYApfrOsEyXwyfDow4PCslZjR3cd5FMRbvXNqHLg26nG_smApR4wc6kXy7xxlRuGhxu-dUiscQP56njboOK61JdTG8F3FgOayZnKk1jGeVdIhXClqGWJyokk-ZM3mMK1MxzGXY0tLbe37V4B7g3NDiH651BUcicfDSky46yfcAYxMDbZgpK2TByWApAllN0wixz2WsFfyBVu_Q5xtZ9Gi9BUHSa5ioRiBK346W4Bdmr9ala5ldIXDa59YE7UB34DsCHyqvzRx_Sj76hLzy2jSOk7RsL0fM8sDoJL4ROdi-3Jtr5uPY593I8H8qeQvFS6PQfm0bUZqVKrrLoCK_uk9guH4a6K27SlD-Utk3dpsjbmrwcjBxm-zd_LE9YyQ734My00Pcy9D5eNio3gESjGsHqGFc_haq4ZCiVOCkbdmABjpPEL6K7bs1GMZbHt1CONL0-LzymM8vgGNj0grjpG8-5AF8ZuSqR7pbZSV_NO2nKkmrwpILCw0Joqp6V3C9pP9nXWHIDyVMxMK870zxzt_qCoPRLCAujQQn6e0U"
+	client, err := promapi.NewClient(promapi.Config{
+		Address:      "https://prometheus-k8s-openshift-monitoring.apps.jchaloup-20241015-3.group-b.devcluster.openshift.com",
+		RoundTripper: config.NewAuthorizationCredentialsRoundTripper("Bearer", config.NewInlineSecret(AuthToken), roundTripper),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("prom client error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// pod:container_cpu_usage:sum
+	// container_memory_usage_bytes
+
+	v1api := promv1.NewAPI(client)
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	// promQuery := "avg_over_time(kube_pod_container_resource_requests[1m])"
+	promQuery := "kube_pod_container_resource_requests"
+	results, warnings, err := v1api.Query(ctx, promQuery, time.Now())
+	fmt.Printf("results: %#v\n", results)
+	for _, sample := range results.(model.Vector) {
+		fmt.Printf("sample: %#v\n", sample)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("warnings: %v\n", warnings)
+	fmt.Printf("err: %v\n", err)
+
+	result := model.Value(
+		&model.Vector{
+			&model.Sample{
+				Metric: model.Metric{
+					"container": "kube-controller-manager",
+					"endpoint":  "https-main",
+					"job":       "kube-state-metrics",
+					"namespace": "openshift-kube-controller-manager",
+					"node":      "ip-10-0-72-168.us-east-2.compute.internal",
+					"pod":       "kube-controller-manager-ip-10-0-72-168.us-east-2.compute.internal",
+					"resource":  "cpu",
+					"service":   "kube-state-metrics",
+					"uid":       "ae46c09f-ade7-4133-9ee8-cf45ac78ca6d",
+					"unit":      "core",
+				},
+				Value:     0.06,
+				Timestamp: 1728991761711,
+			},
+		},
+	)
+	fmt.Printf("result: %#v\n", result)
+}
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
@@ -206,26 +207,6 @@ func classifyNodes(
 	return lowNodes, highNodes
 }

-func usageToKeysAndValues(usage map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity) []interface{} {
-	// log message in one line
-	keysAndValues := []interface{}{}
-	if quantity, exists := usage[v1.ResourceCPU]; exists {
-		keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, "CPU", quantity.MilliValue())
-	}
-	if quantity, exists := usage[v1.ResourceMemory]; exists {
-		keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, "Mem", quantity.Value())
-	}
-	if quantity, exists := usage[v1.ResourcePods]; exists {
-		keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, "Pods", quantity.Value())
-	}
-	for name := range usage {
-		if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
-			keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), usage[name].Value())
-		}
-	}
-	return keysAndValues
-}
-
 // evictPodsFromSourceNodes evicts pods based on priority, if all the pods on the node have priority, if not
 // evicts them based on QoS as fallback option.
 // TODO: @ravig Break this function into smaller functions.
@@ -238,12 +219,13 @@ func evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 	podFilter func(pod *v1.Pod) bool,
 	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
 	continueEviction continueEvictionCond,
-	usageClient usageClient,
+	usageSnapshot usageClient,
 ) {
 	// upper bound on total number of pods/cpu/memory and optional extended resources to be moved
-	totalAvailableUsage := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{}
-	for _, resourceName := range resourceNames {
-		totalAvailableUsage[resourceName] = &resource.Quantity{}
+	totalAvailableUsage := map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+		v1.ResourcePods:   {},
+		v1.ResourceCPU:    {},
+		v1.ResourceMemory: {},
 	}

 	taintsOfDestinationNodes := make(map[string][]v1.Taint, len(destinationNodes))
@@ -251,20 +233,30 @@ func evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 		taintsOfDestinationNodes[node.node.Name] = node.node.Spec.Taints

 		for _, name := range resourceNames {
-			if _, exists := node.usage[name]; !exists {
-				klog.Errorf("unable to find %q resource in node's %q usage, terminating eviction", name, node.node.Name)
-				return
-			}
 			if _, ok := totalAvailableUsage[name]; !ok {
 				totalAvailableUsage[name] = resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
 			}
 			totalAvailableUsage[name].Add(*node.thresholds.highResourceThreshold[name])
+			if _, exists := node.usage[name]; !exists {
+				klog.Errorf("unable to find %q resource in node's %q usage, terminating eviction", name, node.node.Name)
+				return
+			}
 			totalAvailableUsage[name].Sub(*node.usage[name])
 		}
 	}

 	// log message in one line
-	klog.V(1).InfoS("Total capacity to be moved", usageToKeysAndValues(totalAvailableUsage)...)
+	keysAndValues := []interface{}{
+		"CPU", totalAvailableUsage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(),
+		"Mem", totalAvailableUsage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value(),
+		"Pods", totalAvailableUsage[v1.ResourcePods].Value(),
+	}
+	for name := range totalAvailableUsage {
+		if !node.IsBasicResource(name) {
+			keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), totalAvailableUsage[name].Value())
+		}
+	}
+	klog.V(1).InfoS("Total capacity to be moved", keysAndValues...)

 	for _, node := range sourceNodes {
 		klog.V(3).InfoS("Evicting pods from node", "node", klog.KObj(node.node), "usage", node.usage)
@@ -280,7 +272,7 @@ func evictPodsFromSourceNodes(
 		klog.V(1).InfoS("Evicting pods based on priority, if they have same priority, they'll be evicted based on QoS tiers")
 		// sort the evictable Pods based on priority. This also sorts them based on QoS. If there are multiple pods with same priority, they are sorted based on QoS tiers.
 		podutil.SortPodsBasedOnPriorityLowToHigh(removablePods)
-		err := evictPods(ctx, evictableNamespaces, removablePods, node, totalAvailableUsage, taintsOfDestinationNodes, podEvictor, evictOptions, continueEviction, usageClient)
+		err := evictPods(ctx, evictableNamespaces, removablePods, node, totalAvailableUsage, taintsOfDestinationNodes, podEvictor, evictOptions, continueEviction, usageSnapshot)
 		if err != nil {
 			switch err.(type) {
 			case *evictions.EvictionTotalLimitError:
@@ -301,7 +293,7 @@ func evictPods(
 	podEvictor frameworktypes.Evictor,
 	evictOptions evictions.EvictOptions,
 	continueEviction continueEvictionCond,
-	usageClient usageClient,
+	usageSnapshot usageClient,
 ) error {
 	var excludedNamespaces sets.Set[string]
 	if evictableNamespaces != nil {
@@ -327,7 +319,7 @@ func evictPods(
 			if !preEvictionFilterWithOptions(pod) {
 				continue
 			}
-			podUsage, err := usageClient.podUsage(pod)
+			podUsage, err := usageSnapshot.podUsage(pod)
 			if err != nil {
 				klog.Errorf("unable to get pod usage for %v/%v: %v", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, err)
 				continue
@@ -335,7 +327,6 @@ func evictPods(
 			err = podEvictor.Evict(ctx, pod, evictOptions)
 			if err == nil {
 				klog.V(3).InfoS("Evicted pods", "pod", klog.KObj(pod))
-
 				for name := range totalAvailableUsage {
 					if name == v1.ResourcePods {
 						nodeInfo.usage[name].Sub(*resource.NewQuantity(1, resource.DecimalSI))
@@ -348,8 +339,16 @@ func evictPods(

 				keysAndValues := []interface{}{
 					"node", nodeInfo.node.Name,
+					"CPU", nodeInfo.usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue(),
+					"Mem", nodeInfo.usage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value(),
+					"Pods", nodeInfo.usage[v1.ResourcePods].Value(),
 				}
-				keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, usageToKeysAndValues(nodeInfo.usage)...)
+				for name := range totalAvailableUsage {
+					if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
+						keysAndValues = append(keysAndValues, string(name), totalAvailableUsage[name].Value())
+					}
+				}
+
 				klog.V(3).InfoS("Updated node usage", keysAndValues...)
 				// check if pods can be still evicted
 				if !continueEviction(nodeInfo, totalAvailableUsage) {
@@ -371,20 +370,14 @@ func evictPods(
 // sortNodesByUsage sorts nodes based on usage according to the given plugin.
 func sortNodesByUsage(nodes []NodeInfo, ascending bool) {
 	sort.Slice(nodes, func(i, j int) bool {
-		ti := resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI).Value()
-		tj := resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI).Value()
-		for resourceName := range nodes[i].usage {
-			if resourceName == v1.ResourceCPU {
-				ti += nodes[i].usage[resourceName].MilliValue()
-			} else {
-				ti += nodes[i].usage[resourceName].Value()
-			}
-		}
-		for resourceName := range nodes[j].usage {
-			if resourceName == v1.ResourceCPU {
-				tj += nodes[j].usage[resourceName].MilliValue()
-			} else {
-				tj += nodes[j].usage[resourceName].Value()
+		ti := nodes[i].usage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value() + nodes[i].usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() + nodes[i].usage[v1.ResourcePods].Value()
+		tj := nodes[j].usage[v1.ResourceMemory].Value() + nodes[j].usage[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() + nodes[j].usage[v1.ResourcePods].Value()
+
+		// extended resources
+		for name := range nodes[i].usage {
+			if !nodeutil.IsBasicResource(name) {
+				ti = ti + nodes[i].usage[name].Value()
+				tj = tj + nodes[j].usage[name].Value()
 			}
 		}

--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/nodeutilization_test.go
@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ import (
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 )

-func BuildTestNodeInfo(name string, apply func(*NodeInfo)) *NodeInfo {
-	nodeInfo := &NodeInfo{
+var (
+	lowPriority      = int32(0)
+	highPriority     = int32(10000)
+	extendedResource = v1.ResourceName("example.com/foo")
+	testNode1        = NodeInfo{
 		NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
 			node: &v1.Node{
 				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
@@ -41,18 +44,63 @@ func BuildTestNodeInfo(name string, apply func(*NodeInfo)) *NodeInfo {
 						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
 					},
 				},
-				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name},
+				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node1"},
+			},
+			usage: map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1730, resource.DecimalSI),
+				v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+				v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(25, resource.BinarySI),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	testNode2 = NodeInfo{
+		NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
+			node: &v1.Node{
+				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
+					Capacity: v1.ResourceList{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(2000, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3977868*1024, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
+					},
+					Allocatable: v1.ResourceList{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(1930, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3287692*1024, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
+					},
+				},
+				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node2"},
+			},
+			usage: map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1220, resource.DecimalSI),
+				v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+				v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(11, resource.BinarySI),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	testNode3 = NodeInfo{
+		NodeUsage: NodeUsage{
+			node: &v1.Node{
+				Status: v1.NodeStatus{
+					Capacity: v1.ResourceList{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(2000, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3977868*1024, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
+					},
+					Allocatable: v1.ResourceList{
+						v1.ResourceCPU:    *resource.NewMilliQuantity(1930, resource.DecimalSI),
+						v1.ResourceMemory: *resource.NewQuantity(3287692*1024, resource.BinarySI),
+						v1.ResourcePods:   *resource.NewQuantity(29, resource.BinarySI),
+					},
+				},
+				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "node3"},
+			},
+			usage: map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
+				v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1530, resource.DecimalSI),
+				v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(5038982964, resource.BinarySI),
+				v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(20, resource.BinarySI),
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	apply(nodeInfo)
-	return nodeInfo
-}
-
-var (
-	lowPriority      = int32(0)
-	highPriority     = int32(10000)
-	extendedResource = v1.ResourceName("example.com/foo")
 )

 func TestResourceUsagePercentages(t *testing.T) {
@@ -93,81 +141,26 @@ func TestResourceUsagePercentages(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Logf("resourceUsagePercentage: %#v\n", resourceUsagePercentage)
 }

-func TestSortNodesByUsage(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name                  string
-		nodeInfoList          []NodeInfo
-		expectedNodeInfoNames []string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "cpu memory pods",
-			nodeInfoList: []NodeInfo{
-				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node1", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
-					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1730, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(25, resource.BinarySI),
-					}
-				}),
-				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node2", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
-					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1220, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(11, resource.BinarySI),
-					}
-				}),
-				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node3", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
-					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-						v1.ResourceCPU:    resource.NewMilliQuantity(1530, resource.DecimalSI),
-						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(5038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-						v1.ResourcePods:   resource.NewQuantity(20, resource.BinarySI),
-					}
-				}),
-			},
-			expectedNodeInfoNames: []string{"node3", "node1", "node2"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "memory",
-			nodeInfoList: []NodeInfo{
-				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node1", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
-					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(3038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-					}
-				}),
-				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node2", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
-					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(2038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-					}
-				}),
-				*BuildTestNodeInfo("node3", func(nodeInfo *NodeInfo) {
-					nodeInfo.usage = map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity{
-						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.NewQuantity(5038982964, resource.BinarySI),
-					}
-				}),
-			},
-			expectedNodeInfoNames: []string{"node3", "node1", "node2"},
-		},
-	}
+func TestSortNodesByUsageDescendingOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	nodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode1, testNode2, testNode3}
+	expectedNodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode3, testNode1, testNode2} // testNode3 has the highest usage
+	sortNodesByUsage(nodeList, false)                               // ascending=false, sort nodes in descending order

-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name+" descending", func(t *testing.T) {
-			sortNodesByUsage(tc.nodeInfoList, false) // ascending=false, sort nodes in descending order
-
-			for i := 0; i < len(tc.nodeInfoList); i++ {
-				if tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[i] {
-					t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[i], tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-		t.Run(tc.name+" ascending", func(t *testing.T) {
-			sortNodesByUsage(tc.nodeInfoList, true) // ascending=true, sort nodes in ascending order
-
-			size := len(tc.nodeInfoList)
-			for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
-				if tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[size-i-1] {
-					t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", tc.expectedNodeInfoNames[size-i-1], tc.nodeInfoList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
-				}
-			}
-		})
+	for i := 0; i < len(expectedNodeList); i++ {
+		if nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name, nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSortNodesByUsageAscendingOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	nodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode1, testNode2, testNode3}
+	expectedNodeList := []NodeInfo{testNode2, testNode1, testNode3}
+	sortNodesByUsage(nodeList, true) // ascending=true, sort nodes in ascending order
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(expectedNodeList); i++ {
+		if nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name != expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", expectedNodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name, nodeList[i].NodeUsage.node.Name)
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/types.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/types.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type LowNodeUtilizationArgs struct {
 	Thresholds             api.ResourceThresholds `json:"thresholds"`
 	TargetThresholds       api.ResourceThresholds `json:"targetThresholds"`
 	NumberOfNodes          int                    `json:"numberOfNodes,omitempty"`
-	MetricsUtilization     MetricsUtilization     `json:"metricsUtilization,omitempty"`
+	MetricsUtilization     MetricsUtilization     `json:metricsUtilization,omitempty`

 	// Naming this one differently since namespaces are still
 	// considered while considering resources used by pods
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type HighNodeUtilizationArgs struct {

 	Thresholds         api.ResourceThresholds `json:"thresholds"`
 	NumberOfNodes      int                    `json:"numberOfNodes,omitempty"`
-	MetricsUtilization MetricsUtilization     `json:"metricsUtilization,omitempty"`
+	MetricsUtilization MetricsUtilization     `json:metricsUtilization,omitempty`

 	// Naming this one differently since namespaces are still
 	// considered while considering resources used by pods
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
@@ -33,12 +32,10 @@ import (
 )

 type usageClient interface {
-	// Both low/high node utilization plugins are expected to invoke sync right
-	// after Balance method is invoked. There's no cache invalidation so each
-	// Balance is expected to get the latest data by invoking sync.
-	sync(nodes []*v1.Node) error
 	nodeUtilization(node string) map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
+	nodes() []*v1.Node
 	pods(node string) []*v1.Pod
+	capture(nodes []*v1.Node) error
 	podUsage(pod *v1.Pod) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity, error)
 }

@@ -46,13 +43,14 @@ type requestedUsageClient struct {
 	resourceNames         []v1.ResourceName
 	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc

+	_nodes           []*v1.Node
 	_pods            map[string][]*v1.Pod
 	_nodeUtilization map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
 }

 var _ usageClient = &requestedUsageClient{}

-func newRequestedUsageClient(
+func newRequestedUsageSnapshot(
 	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
 	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc,
 ) *requestedUsageClient {
@@ -66,6 +64,10 @@ func (s *requestedUsageClient) nodeUtilization(node string) map[v1.ResourceName]
 	return s._nodeUtilization[node]
 }

+func (s *requestedUsageClient) nodes() []*v1.Node {
+	return s._nodes
+}
+
 func (s *requestedUsageClient) pods(node string) []*v1.Pod {
 	return s._pods[node]
 }
@@ -78,15 +80,16 @@ func (s *requestedUsageClient) podUsage(pod *v1.Pod) (map[v1.ResourceName]*resou
 	return usage, nil
 }

-func (s *requestedUsageClient) sync(nodes []*v1.Node) error {
+func (s *requestedUsageClient) capture(nodes []*v1.Node) error {
 	s._nodeUtilization = make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
 	s._pods = make(map[string][]*v1.Pod)
+	capturedNodes := []*v1.Node{}

 	for _, node := range nodes {
 		pods, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, s.getPodsAssignedToNode, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			klog.V(2).InfoS("Node will not be processed, error accessing its pods", "node", klog.KObj(node), "err", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("error accessing %q node's pods: %v", node.Name, err)
+			continue
 		}

 		nodeUsage, err := nodeutil.NodeUtilization(pods, s.resourceNames, func(pod *v1.Pod) (v1.ResourceList, error) {
@@ -100,8 +103,11 @@ func (s *requestedUsageClient) sync(nodes []*v1.Node) error {
 		// store the snapshot of pods from the same (or the closest) node utilization computation
 		s._pods[node.Name] = pods
 		s._nodeUtilization[node.Name] = nodeUsage
+		capturedNodes = append(capturedNodes, node)
 	}

+	s._nodes = capturedNodes
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -110,13 +116,14 @@ type actualUsageClient struct {
 	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc
 	metricsCollector      *metricscollector.MetricsCollector

+	_nodes           []*v1.Node
 	_pods            map[string][]*v1.Pod
 	_nodeUtilization map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity
 }

 var _ usageClient = &actualUsageClient{}

-func newActualUsageClient(
+func newActualUsageSnapshot(
 	resourceNames []v1.ResourceName,
 	getPodsAssignedToNode podutil.GetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc,
 	metricsCollector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector,
@@ -132,6 +139,10 @@ func (client *actualUsageClient) nodeUtilization(node string) map[v1.ResourceNam
 	return client._nodeUtilization[node]
 }

+func (client *actualUsageClient) nodes() []*v1.Node {
+	return client._nodes
+}
+
 func (client *actualUsageClient) pods(node string) []*v1.Pod {
 	return client._pods[node]
 }
@@ -147,11 +158,8 @@ func (client *actualUsageClient) podUsage(pod *v1.Pod) (map[v1.ResourceName]*res
 	totalUsage := make(map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
 	for _, container := range podMetrics.Containers {
 		for _, resourceName := range client.resourceNames {
-			if resourceName == v1.ResourcePods {
-				continue
-			}
 			if _, exists := container.Usage[resourceName]; !exists {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("pod %v/%v: container %q is missing %q resource", pod.Namespace, pod.Name, container.Name, resourceName)
+				continue
 			}
 			if totalUsage[resourceName] == nil {
 				totalUsage[resourceName] = utilptr.To[resource.Quantity](container.Usage[resourceName].DeepCopy())
@@ -164,38 +172,31 @@ func (client *actualUsageClient) podUsage(pod *v1.Pod) (map[v1.ResourceName]*res
 	return totalUsage, nil
 }

-func (client *actualUsageClient) sync(nodes []*v1.Node) error {
+func (client *actualUsageClient) capture(nodes []*v1.Node) error {
 	client._nodeUtilization = make(map[string]map[v1.ResourceName]*resource.Quantity)
 	client._pods = make(map[string][]*v1.Pod)
-
-	nodesUsage, err := client.metricsCollector.AllNodesUsage()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	capturedNodes := []*v1.Node{}

 	for _, node := range nodes {
 		pods, err := podutil.ListPodsOnANode(node.Name, client.getPodsAssignedToNode, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			klog.V(2).InfoS("Node will not be processed, error accessing its pods", "node", klog.KObj(node), "err", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("error accessing %q node's pods: %v", node.Name, err)
+			continue
 		}

-		nodeUsage, ok := nodesUsage[node.Name]
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to find node %q in the collected metrics", node.Name)
+		nodeUsage, err := client.metricsCollector.NodeUsage(node)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 		nodeUsage[v1.ResourcePods] = resource.NewQuantity(int64(len(pods)), resource.DecimalSI)

-		for _, resourceName := range client.resourceNames {
-			if _, exists := nodeUsage[resourceName]; !exists {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to find %q resource for collected %q node metric", resourceName, node.Name)
-			}
-		}
-
 		// store the snapshot of pods from the same (or the closest) node utilization computation
 		client._pods[node.Name] = pods
 		client._nodeUtilization[node.Name] = nodeUsage
+		capturedNodes = append(capturedNodes, node)
 	}

+	client._nodes = capturedNodes
+
 	return nil
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients_test.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/usageclients_test.go
@@ -23,22 +23,18 @@ import (

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
+
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	fakeclientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/fake"
 	"k8s.io/metrics/pkg/apis/metrics/v1beta1"
 	fakemetricsclient "k8s.io/metrics/pkg/client/clientset/versioned/fake"
-
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/test"
 )

-var (
-	nodesgvr = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodes"}
-	podsgvr  = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "pods"}
-)
+var gvr = schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "metrics.k8s.io", Version: "v1beta1", Resource: "nodemetricses"}

 func updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(
 	t *testing.T,
@@ -46,32 +42,36 @@ func updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(
 	newValue, expectedValue int64,
 	metricsClientset *fakemetricsclient.Clientset,
 	collector *metricscollector.MetricsCollector,
-	usageClient usageClient,
+	usageSnapshot usageClient,
 	nodes []*v1.Node,
 	nodeName string,
 	nodemetrics *v1beta1.NodeMetrics,
 ) {
 	t.Logf("Set current node cpu usage to %v", newValue)
 	nodemetrics.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU] = *resource.NewMilliQuantity(newValue, resource.DecimalSI)
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(nodesgvr, nodemetrics, "")
+	metricsClientset.Tracker().Update(gvr, nodemetrics, "")
 	err := collector.Collect(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to capture metrics: %v", err)
 	}
-	err = usageClient.sync(nodes)
+	err = usageSnapshot.capture(nodes)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to capture a snapshot: %v", err)
 	}
-	nodeUtilization := usageClient.nodeUtilization(nodeName)
+	nodeUtilization := usageSnapshot.nodeUtilization(nodeName)
 	t.Logf("current node cpu usage: %v\n", nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
 	if nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue() != expectedValue {
 		t.Fatalf("cpu node usage expected to be %v, got %v instead", expectedValue, nodeUtilization[v1.ResourceCPU].MilliValue())
 	}
-	pods := usageClient.pods(nodeName)
+	pods := usageSnapshot.pods(nodeName)
 	fmt.Printf("pods: %#v\n", pods)
 	if len(pods) != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 2 pods for node %v, got %v instead", nodeName, len(pods))
 	}
+	capturedNodes := usageSnapshot.nodes()
+	if len(capturedNodes) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 captured node, got %v instead", len(capturedNodes))
+	}
 }

 func TestActualUsageClient(t *testing.T) {
@@ -91,10 +91,7 @@ func TestActualUsageClient(t *testing.T) {
 	n3metrics := test.BuildNodeMetrics("n3", 300, 1714978816)

 	clientset := fakeclientset.NewSimpleClientset(n1, n2, n3, p1, p21, p22, p3)
-	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset()
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, n1metrics, "")
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, n2metrics, "")
-	metricsClientset.Tracker().Create(nodesgvr, n3metrics, "")
+	metricsClientset := fakemetricsclient.NewSimpleClientset(n1metrics, n2metrics, n3metrics)

 	ctx := context.TODO()

@@ -105,7 +102,6 @@ func TestActualUsageClient(t *testing.T) {

 	sharedInformerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactory(clientset, 0)
 	podInformer := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Pods().Informer()
-	nodeLister := sharedInformerFactory.Core().V1().Nodes().Lister()
 	podsAssignedToNode, err := podutil.BuildGetPodsAssignedToNodeFunc(podInformer)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Build get pods assigned to node function error: %v", err)
@@ -114,9 +110,9 @@ func TestActualUsageClient(t *testing.T) {
 	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
 	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())

-	collector := metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(nodeLister, metricsClientset, labels.Everything())
+	collector := metricscollector.NewMetricsCollector(clientset, metricsClientset)

-	usageClient := newActualUsageClient(
+	usageSnapshot := newActualUsageSnapshot(
 		resourceNames,
 		podsAssignedToNode,
 		collector,
@@ -124,16 +120,16 @@ func TestActualUsageClient(t *testing.T) {

 	updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(t, ctx,
 		1400, 1400,
-		metricsClientset, collector, usageClient, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
+		metricsClientset, collector, usageSnapshot, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
 	)

 	updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(t, ctx,
 		500, 1310,
-		metricsClientset, collector, usageClient, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
+		metricsClientset, collector, usageSnapshot, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
 	)

 	updateMetricsAndCheckNodeUtilization(t, ctx,
 		900, 1269,
-		metricsClientset, collector, usageClient, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
+		metricsClientset, collector, usageSnapshot, nodes, n2.Name, n2metrics,
 	)
 }
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ func (in *HighNodeUtilizationArgs) DeepCopyInto(out *HighNodeUtilizationArgs) {
 			(*out)[key] = val
 		}
 	}
-	out.MetricsUtilization = in.MetricsUtilization
 	if in.EvictableNamespaces != nil {
 		in, out := &in.EvictableNamespaces, &out.EvictableNamespaces
 		*out = new(api.Namespaces)
@@ -82,7 +81,6 @@ func (in *LowNodeUtilizationArgs) DeepCopyInto(out *LowNodeUtilizationArgs) {
 			(*out)[key] = val
 		}
 	}
-	out.MetricsUtilization = in.MetricsUtilization
 	if in.EvictableNamespaces != nil {
 		in, out := &in.EvictableNamespaces, &out.EvictableNamespaces
 		*out = new(api.Namespaces)
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removeduplicates/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removefailedpods/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodshavingtoomanyrestarts/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatinginterpodantiaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodeaffinity/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingnodetaints/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.deepcopy.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/plugins/removepodsviolatingtopologyspreadconstraint/zz_generated.defaults.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // +build !ignore_autogenerated

 /*
-Copyright 2025 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Copyright 2024 The Kubernetes Authors.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
--- a/pkg/framework/profile/profile.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/profile/profile.go
@@ -20,22 +20,22 @@ import (

 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
+	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
+	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"

 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/errors"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/metrics"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
-	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
-	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/tracing"
+
+	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 )

 // evictorImpl implements the Evictor interface so plugins
@@ -319,8 +319,7 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunDeschedulePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 		var span trace.Span
 		ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, pl.Name(), trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("plugin", pl.Name()), attribute.String("profile", d.profileName), attribute.String("operation", tracing.DescheduleOperation)))
 		defer span.End()
-		evictedBeforeDeschedule := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
-		evictionRequestsBeforeDeschedule := d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()
+		evicted := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
 		strategyStart := time.Now()
 		status := pl.Deschedule(ctx, nodes)
 		metrics.DeschedulerStrategyDuration.With(map[string]string{"strategy": pl.Name(), "profile": d.profileName}).Observe(time.Since(strategyStart).Seconds())
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunDeschedulePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node)
 			span.AddEvent("Plugin Execution Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", status.Err.Error())))
 			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("plugin %q finished with error: %v", pl.Name(), status.Err))
 		}
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of evictions/requests", "extension point", "Deschedule", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evictedBeforeDeschedule, "evictionRequests", d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()-evictionRequestsBeforeDeschedule)
+		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of pods evicted", "extension point", "Deschedule", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evicted)
 	}

 	aggrErr := errors.NewAggregate(errs)
@@ -348,8 +347,7 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunBalancePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *f
 		var span trace.Span
 		ctx, span = tracing.Tracer().Start(ctx, pl.Name(), trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("plugin", pl.Name()), attribute.String("profile", d.profileName), attribute.String("operation", tracing.BalanceOperation)))
 		defer span.End()
-		evictedBeforeBalance := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
-		evictionRequestsBeforeBalance := d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()
+		evicted := d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()
 		strategyStart := time.Now()
 		status := pl.Balance(ctx, nodes)
 		metrics.DeschedulerStrategyDuration.With(map[string]string{"strategy": pl.Name(), "profile": d.profileName}).Observe(time.Since(strategyStart).Seconds())
@@ -358,7 +356,7 @@ func (d profileImpl) RunBalancePlugins(ctx context.Context, nodes []*v1.Node) *f
 			span.AddEvent("Plugin Execution Failed", trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("err", status.Err.Error())))
 			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("plugin %q finished with error: %v", pl.Name(), status.Err))
 		}
-		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of evictions/requests", "extension point", "Balance", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evictedBeforeBalance, "evictionRequests", d.podEvictor.TotalEvictionRequests()-evictionRequestsBeforeBalance)
+		klog.V(1).InfoS("Total number of pods evicted", "extension point", "Balance", "evictedPods", d.podEvictor.TotalEvicted()-evicted)
 	}

 	aggrErr := errors.NewAggregate(errs)
--- a/pkg/framework/testing/utils.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/testing/utils.go
@@ -7,12 +7,10 @@ import (
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/events"
-	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"

 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	frameworkfake "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/fake"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	frameworktypes "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/types"
@@ -46,14 +44,7 @@ func InitFrameworkHandle(
 	sharedInformerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())
 	sharedInformerFactory.WaitForCacheSync(ctx.Done())
 	eventRecorder := &events.FakeRecorder{}
-	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
-	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
-		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-	})
-	podEvictor, err := evictions.NewPodEvictor(ctx, client, eventRecorder, podInformer, featureGates, evictionOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to initialize pod evictor: %v", err)
-	}
+	podEvictor := evictions.NewPodEvictor(client, eventRecorder, evictionOptions)
 	evictorFilter, err := defaultevictor.New(
 		&defaultEvictorArgs,
 		&frameworkfake.HandleImpl{
--- a/pkg/framework/types/types.go
+++ b/pkg/framework/types/types.go
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ import (
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"

 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/metricscollector"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
 )

--- a/pkg/utils/pod.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/pod.go
@@ -3,11 +3,6 @@ package utils
 import (
 	"fmt"

-	policy "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
-
-	policyv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/policy/v1"
-
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
@@ -120,38 +115,6 @@ func IsPodWithPVC(pod *v1.Pod) bool {
 	return false
 }

-// IsPodCoveredByPDB returns true if the pod is covered by at least one PodDisruptionBudget.
-func IsPodCoveredByPDB(pod *v1.Pod, lister policyv1.PodDisruptionBudgetLister) (bool, error) {
-	// We can't use the GetPodPodDisruptionBudgets expansion method here because it treats no pdb as an error,
-	// but we want to return false.
-
-	list, err := lister.PodDisruptionBudgets(pod.Namespace).List(labels.Everything())
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if len(list) == 0 {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	podLabels := labels.Set(pod.Labels)
-	var pdbList []*policy.PodDisruptionBudget
-	for _, pdb := range list {
-		selector, err := metav1.LabelSelectorAsSelector(pdb.Spec.Selector)
-		if err != nil {
-			// This object has an invalid selector, it will never match the pod
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if !selector.Matches(podLabels) {
-			continue
-		}
-		pdbList = append(pdbList, pdb)
-	}
-
-	return len(pdbList) > 0, nil
-}
-
 // GetPodSource returns the source of the pod based on the annotation.
 func GetPodSource(pod *v1.Pod) (string, error) {
 	if pod.Annotations != nil {
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_evictioninbackground_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_evictioninbackground_test.go
@@ -1,542 +0,0 @@
-package e2e
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
-	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	apierrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
-	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
-	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"
-	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
-	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
-	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
-
-	kvcorev1 "kubevirt.io/api/core/v1"
-	generatedclient "kubevirt.io/client-go/generated/kubevirt/clientset/versioned"
-
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/podlifetime"
-)
-
-const (
-	vmiCount = 3
-)
-
-func virtualMachineInstance(idx int) *kvcorev1.VirtualMachineInstance {
-	return &kvcorev1.VirtualMachineInstance{
-		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Name: fmt.Sprintf("kubevirtvmi-%v", idx),
-			Annotations: map[string]string{
-				"descheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/request-evict-only": "",
-			},
-		},
-		Spec: kvcorev1.VirtualMachineInstanceSpec{
-			EvictionStrategy: utilptr.To[kvcorev1.EvictionStrategy](kvcorev1.EvictionStrategyLiveMigrate),
-			Domain: kvcorev1.DomainSpec{
-				Devices: kvcorev1.Devices{
-					AutoattachPodInterface: utilptr.To[bool](false),
-					Disks: []kvcorev1.Disk{
-						{
-							Name: "containerdisk",
-							DiskDevice: kvcorev1.DiskDevice{
-								Disk: &kvcorev1.DiskTarget{
-									Bus: kvcorev1.DiskBusVirtio,
-								},
-							},
-						},
-						{
-							Name: "cloudinitdisk",
-							DiskDevice: kvcorev1.DiskDevice{
-								Disk: &kvcorev1.DiskTarget{
-									Bus: kvcorev1.DiskBusVirtio,
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-					Rng: &kvcorev1.Rng{},
-				},
-				Resources: kvcorev1.ResourceRequirements{
-					Requests: v1.ResourceList{
-						v1.ResourceMemory: resource.MustParse("1024M"),
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			TerminationGracePeriodSeconds: utilptr.To[int64](0),
-			Volumes: []kvcorev1.Volume{
-				{
-					Name: "containerdisk",
-					VolumeSource: kvcorev1.VolumeSource{
-						ContainerDisk: &kvcorev1.ContainerDiskSource{
-							Image: "quay.io/kubevirt/fedora-with-test-tooling-container-disk:20240710_1265d1090",
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					Name: "cloudinitdisk",
-					VolumeSource: kvcorev1.VolumeSource{
-						CloudInitNoCloud: &kvcorev1.CloudInitNoCloudSource{
-							UserData: `#cloud-config
-password: fedora
-chpasswd: { expire: False }
-packages:
-  - nginx
-runcmd:
-  - [ "systemctl", "enable", "--now", "nginx" ]`,
-							NetworkData: `version: 2
-ethernets:
-  eth0:
-    addresses: [ fd10:0:2::2/120 ]
-    dhcp4: true
-    gateway6: fd10:0:2::1`,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func waitForKubevirtReady(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kvClient generatedclient.Interface) {
-	obj, err := kvClient.KubevirtV1().KubeVirts("kubevirt").Get(ctx, "kubevirt", metav1.GetOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to get kubevirt/kubevirt: %v", err)
-	}
-	available := false
-	for _, condition := range obj.Status.Conditions {
-		if condition.Type == kvcorev1.KubeVirtConditionAvailable {
-			if condition.Status == corev1.ConditionTrue {
-				available = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if !available {
-		t.Fatalf("Kubevirt is not available")
-	}
-	klog.Infof("Kubevirt is available")
-}
-
-func allVMIsHaveRunningPods(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, kvClient generatedclient.Interface) (bool, error) {
-	klog.Infof("Checking all vmi active pods are running")
-	uidMap := make(map[types.UID]*corev1.Pod)
-	podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "client rate limiter") {
-			klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range podList.Items {
-		pod := item
-		klog.Infof("item: %#v\n", item.UID)
-		uidMap[item.UID] = &pod
-	}
-
-	vmiList, err := kvClient.KubevirtV1().VirtualMachineInstances("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		klog.Infof("Unable to list VMIs: %v", err)
-		return false, err
-	}
-	if len(vmiList.Items) != vmiCount {
-		klog.Infof("Expected %v VMIs, got %v instead", vmiCount, len(vmiList.Items))
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range vmiList.Items {
-		atLeastOneVmiIsRunning := false
-		for activePod := range item.Status.ActivePods {
-			if _, exists := uidMap[activePod]; !exists {
-				klog.Infof("Active pod %v not found", activePod)
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			klog.Infof("Checking whether active pod %v (uid=%v) is running", uidMap[activePod].Name, activePod)
-			// ignore completed/failed pods
-			if uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase == corev1.PodFailed || uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase == corev1.PodSucceeded {
-				klog.Infof("Ignoring active pod %v, phase=%v", uidMap[activePod].Name, uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase)
-				continue
-			}
-			if uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase != corev1.PodRunning {
-				klog.Infof("activePod %v is not running: %v\n", uidMap[activePod].Name, uidMap[activePod].Status.Phase)
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			atLeastOneVmiIsRunning = true
-		}
-		if !atLeastOneVmiIsRunning {
-			klog.Infof("vmi %v does not have any activePod running\n", item.Name)
-			return false, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
-func podLifeTimePolicy() *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
-	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
-		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
-			{
-				Name: "KubeVirtPodLifetimeProfile",
-				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
-					{
-						Name: podlifetime.PluginName,
-						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
-							Object: &podlifetime.PodLifeTimeArgs{
-								MaxPodLifeTimeSeconds: utilptr.To[uint](1), // set it to immediate eviction
-								Namespaces: &api.Namespaces{
-									Include: []string{"default"},
-								},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-					{
-						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
-						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
-							Object: &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{
-								EvictLocalStoragePods: true,
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
-					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
-						Enabled: []string{
-							defaultevictor.PluginName,
-						},
-					},
-					Deschedule: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
-						Enabled: []string{
-							podlifetime.PluginName,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func kVirtRunningPodNames(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface) []string {
-	names := []string{}
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			if isClientRateLimiterError(err) {
-				t.Log(err)
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
-			return false, err
-		}
-
-		for _, item := range podList.Items {
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(item.Name, "virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-") {
-				t.Fatalf("Only pod names with 'virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-' prefix are expected, got %q instead", item.Name)
-			}
-			if item.Status.Phase == corev1.PodRunning {
-				names = append(names, item.Name)
-			}
-		}
-
-		return true, nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to list running kvirt pod names: %v", err)
-	}
-	return names
-}
-
-func observeLiveMigration(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, usedRunningPodNames map[string]struct{}) {
-	prevTotal := uint(0)
-	jumps := 0
-	// keep running the descheduling cycle until the migration is triggered and completed few times or times out
-	for i := 0; i < 240; i++ {
-		// monitor how many pods get evicted
-		names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
-		klog.Infof("vmi pods: %#v\n", names)
-		// The number of pods need to be kept between vmiCount and vmiCount+1.
-		// At most two pods are expected to have virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-X prefix name in common.
-		prefixes := make(map[string]uint)
-		for _, name := range names {
-			// "virt-launcher-kubevirtvmi-"
-			str := strings.Split(name, "-")[4]
-			prefixes[str]++
-			usedRunningPodNames[name] = struct{}{}
-		}
-
-		hasDouble := false
-		total := uint(0)
-		for idx, count := range prefixes {
-			total += count
-			if count > 2 {
-				t.Fatalf("A vmi kubevirtvmi-%v has more than 2 running active pods (%v), not expected", idx, count)
-			}
-			if count == 2 {
-				if !hasDouble {
-					hasDouble = true
-					continue
-				}
-				t.Fatalf("Another vmi with 2 running active pods, not expected")
-			}
-		}
-		// The total sum can not be higher than vmiCount+1
-		if total > vmiCount+1 {
-			t.Fatalf("Total running pods (%v) are higher than expected vmiCount+1 (%v)", total, vmiCount+1)
-		}
-
-		if prevTotal != 0 && prevTotal != total {
-			jumps++
-		}
-		// Expect at least 3 finished live migrations (two should be enough as well, though ...)
-		if jumps >= 6 {
-			break
-		}
-		prevTotal = total
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-	}
-
-	if jumps < 6 {
-		podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			klog.Infof("Unable to list pods: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			for _, item := range podList.Items {
-				klog.Infof("pod(%v): %#v", item.Name, item)
-			}
-		}
-
-		t.Fatalf("Expected at least 3 finished live migrations, got less: %v", jumps/2.0)
-	}
-	klog.Infof("The live migration finished 3 times")
-
-	// len(usedRunningPodNames) is expected to be vmiCount + jumps/2 + 1 (one more live migration could still be initiated)
-	klog.Infof("len(usedRunningPodNames): %v, upper limit: %v\n", len(usedRunningPodNames), vmiCount+jumps/2+1)
-	if len(usedRunningPodNames) > vmiCount+jumps/2+1 {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected vmiCount + jumps/2 + 1 = %v running pods, got %v instead", vmiCount+jumps/2+1, len(usedRunningPodNames))
-	}
-
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
-		klog.Infof("vmi pods: %#v\n", names)
-		lNames := len(names)
-		if lNames != vmiCount {
-			klog.Infof("Waiting for the number of running vmi pods to be %v, got %v instead", vmiCount, lNames)
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		klog.Infof("The number of running vmi pods is %v as expected", vmiCount)
-		return true, nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for %v vmi active pods to be running: %v", vmiCount, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func createAndWaitForDeschedulerRunning(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, deschedulerDeploymentObj *appsv1.Deployment) string {
-	klog.Infof("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
-	_, err := kubeClient.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
-	}
-
-	klog.Infof("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
-	deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
-	if len(deschedulerPods) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for %q deployment: no running pod found", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
-	}
-	return deschedulerPods[0].Name
-}
-
-func updateDeschedulerPolicy(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, kubeClient clientset.Interface, policy *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy) {
-	deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(policy)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM with unlimited evictions: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-	}
-	_, err = kubeClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Update(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error updating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func createKubevirtClient() (generatedclient.Interface, error) {
-	loadingRules := clientcmd.NewDefaultClientConfigLoadingRules()
-	loadingRules.DefaultClientConfig = &clientcmd.DefaultClientConfig
-	overrides := &clientcmd.ConfigOverrides{}
-	clientConfig := clientcmd.NewNonInteractiveDeferredLoadingClientConfig(loadingRules, overrides)
-
-	config, err := clientConfig.ClientConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	config.GroupVersion = &kvcorev1.StorageGroupVersion
-	config.APIPath = "/apis"
-	config.ContentType = runtime.ContentTypeJSON
-
-	return generatedclient.NewForConfig(config)
-}
-
-func TestLiveMigrationInBackground(t *testing.T) {
-	initPluginRegistry()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	kubeClient, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
-	}
-
-	kvClient, err := createKubevirtClient()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error during kvClient creation with %v", err)
-	}
-
-	waitForKubevirtReady(t, ctx, kvClient)
-
-	// Delete all VMIs
-	defer func() {
-		for i := 1; i <= vmiCount; i++ {
-			vmi := virtualMachineInstance(i)
-			err := kvClient.KubevirtV1().VirtualMachineInstances("default").Delete(context.Background(), vmi.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-			if err != nil && !apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
-				klog.Infof("Unable to delete vmi %v: %v", vmi.Name, err)
-			}
-		}
-		wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-			podList, err := kubeClient.CoreV1().Pods("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-			if err != nil {
-				return false, err
-			}
-			lPods := len(podList.Items)
-			if lPods > 0 {
-				klog.Infof("Waiting until all pods under default namespace are gone, %v remaining", lPods)
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			return true, nil
-		})
-	}()
-
-	// Create N vmis and wait for the corresponding vm pods to be ready and running
-	for i := 1; i <= vmiCount; i++ {
-		vmi := virtualMachineInstance(i)
-		_, err = kvClient.KubevirtV1().VirtualMachineInstances("default").Create(context.Background(), vmi, metav1.CreateOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Unable to create KubeVirt vmi: %v\n", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Wait until all VMIs have running pods
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 300*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		return allVMIsHaveRunningPods(t, ctx, kubeClient, kvClient)
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for all vmi active pods to be running: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	usedRunningPodNames := make(map[string]struct{})
-	// vmiCount number of names is expected
-	names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
-	klog.Infof("vmi pods: %#v\n", names)
-	if len(names) != vmiCount {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected %v vmi pods, got %v instead", vmiCount, len(names))
-	}
-	for _, name := range names {
-		usedRunningPodNames[name] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	policy := podLifeTimePolicy()
-	// Allow only a single eviction simultaneously
-	policy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = utilptr.To[uint](1)
-	// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
-	deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(policy)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-	}
-	klog.Infof("Creating %q policy CM with RemovePodsHavingTooManyRestarts configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
-	_, err = kubeClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		klog.Infof("Deleting %q CM...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
-		err = kubeClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment("kube-system")
-	// Set the descheduling interval to 10s
-	deschedulerDeploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = []string{"--policy-config-file", "/policy-dir/policy.yaml", "--descheduling-interval", "10s", "--v", "4", "--feature-gates", "EvictionsInBackground=true"}
-
-	deschedulerPodName := ""
-	defer func() {
-		if deschedulerPodName != "" {
-			printPodLogs(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerPodName)
-		}
-
-		klog.Infof("Deleting %q deployment...", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
-		err = kubeClient.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			if apierrors.IsNotFound(err) {
-				return
-			}
-			t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
-		}
-		waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
-	}()
-
-	deschedulerPodName = createAndWaitForDeschedulerRunning(t, ctx, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj)
-
-	observeLiveMigration(t, ctx, kubeClient, usedRunningPodNames)
-
-	printPodLogs(ctx, t, kubeClient, deschedulerPodName)
-
-	klog.Infof("Deleting the current descheduler pod")
-	err = kubeClient.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error deleting %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
-	}
-
-	remainingPods := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, name := range kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient) {
-		remainingPods[name] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	klog.Infof("Configuring the descheduler policy %v for PodLifetime with no limits", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
-	policy.MaxNoOfPodsToEvictPerNamespace = nil
-	updateDeschedulerPolicy(t, ctx, kubeClient, policy)
-
-	deschedulerDeploymentObj = deschedulerDeployment("kube-system")
-	deschedulerDeploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = []string{"--policy-config-file", "/policy-dir/policy.yaml", "--descheduling-interval", "100m", "--v", "4", "--feature-gates", "EvictionsInBackground=true"}
-	deschedulerPodName = createAndWaitForDeschedulerRunning(t, ctx, kubeClient, deschedulerDeploymentObj)
-
-	klog.Infof("Waiting until all pods are evicted (no limit set)")
-	if err := wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 120*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-		names := kVirtRunningPodNames(t, ctx, kubeClient)
-		for _, name := range names {
-			if _, exists := remainingPods[name]; exists {
-				klog.Infof("Waiting for %v to disappear", name)
-				return false, nil
-			}
-		}
-		lNames := len(names)
-		if lNames != vmiCount {
-			klog.Infof("Waiting for the number of newly running vmi pods to be %v, got %v instead", vmiCount, lNames)
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		klog.Infof("The number of newly running vmi pods is %v as expected", vmiCount)
-		return true, nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error waiting for %v new vmi active pods to be running: %v", vmiCount, err)
-	}
-}
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_lownodeutilization_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_lownodeutilization_test.go
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright 2021 The Kubernetes Authors.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-package e2e
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
-	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
-	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
-	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
-	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
-
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api"
-	apiv1alpha2 "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/api/v1alpha2"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/client"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
-)
-
-func lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(lowNodeUtilizationArgs *nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs, evictorArgs *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs, metricsCollectorEnabled bool) *apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy {
-	return &apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy{
-		MetricsCollector: apiv1alpha2.MetricsCollector{
-			Enabled: metricsCollectorEnabled,
-		},
-		Profiles: []apiv1alpha2.DeschedulerProfile{
-			{
-				Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName + "Profile",
-				PluginConfigs: []apiv1alpha2.PluginConfig{
-					{
-						Name: nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
-						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
-							Object: lowNodeUtilizationArgs,
-						},
-					},
-					{
-						Name: defaultevictor.PluginName,
-						Args: runtime.RawExtension{
-							Object: evictorArgs,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				Plugins: apiv1alpha2.Plugins{
-					Filter: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
-						Enabled: []string{
-							defaultevictor.PluginName,
-						},
-					},
-					Balance: apiv1alpha2.PluginSet{
-						Enabled: []string{
-							nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationPluginName,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLowNodeUtilizationKubernetesMetrics(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	clientSet, err := client.CreateClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes client creation with %v", err)
-	}
-
-	metricsClient, err := client.CreateMetricsClient(componentbaseconfig.ClientConnectionConfiguration{Kubeconfig: os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")}, "descheduler")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error during kubernetes metrics client creation with %v", err)
-	}
-
-	nodeList, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Nodes().List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error listing node with %v", err)
-	}
-
-	_, workerNodes := splitNodesAndWorkerNodes(nodeList.Items)
-
-	testNamespace := &v1.Namespace{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "e2e-" + strings.ToLower(t.Name())}}
-	t.Logf("Creating testing namespace %q", testNamespace.Name)
-	if _, err := clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(ctx, testNamespace, metav1.CreateOptions{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Unable to create ns %v: %v", testNamespace.Name, err)
-	}
-	defer clientSet.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, testNamespace.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-
-	t.Log("Creating duplicates pods")
-	testLabel := map[string]string{"app": "test-lownodeutilization-kubernetes-metrics", "name": "test-lownodeutilization-kubernetes-metrics"}
-	deploymentObj := buildTestDeployment("lownodeutilization-kubernetes-metrics-pod", testNamespace.Name, 0, testLabel, nil)
-	deploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Image = "narmidm/k8s-pod-cpu-stressor:latest"
-	deploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Args = []string{"-cpu=3", "-duration=10s", "-forever"}
-	deploymentObj.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[0].Resources = v1.ResourceRequirements{
-		Limits: v1.ResourceList{
-			v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("3000m"),
-		},
-		Requests: v1.ResourceList{
-			v1.ResourceCPU: resource.MustParse("0m"),
-		},
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name                    string
-		replicasNum             int
-		beforeFunc              func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment)
-		expectedEvictedPodCount int
-		lowNodeUtilizationArgs  *nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs
-		evictorArgs             *defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs
-		metricsCollectorEnabled bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "metric server not enabled",
-			replicasNum: 4,
-			beforeFunc: func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
-				deployment.Spec.Replicas = utilptr.To[int32](4)
-				deployment.Spec.Template.Spec.NodeName = workerNodes[0].Name
-			},
-			expectedEvictedPodCount: 0,
-			lowNodeUtilizationArgs: &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
-				Thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
-					v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
-					v1.ResourcePods: 30,
-				},
-				TargetThresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
-					v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
-					v1.ResourcePods: 50,
-				},
-				MetricsUtilization: nodeutilization.MetricsUtilization{
-					MetricsServer: true,
-				},
-			},
-			evictorArgs:             &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
-			metricsCollectorEnabled: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "requested cpu resource zero, actual cpu utilization 3 per pod",
-			replicasNum: 4,
-			beforeFunc: func(deployment *appsv1.Deployment) {
-				deployment.Spec.Replicas = utilptr.To[int32](4)
-				deployment.Spec.Template.Spec.NodeName = workerNodes[0].Name
-			},
-			expectedEvictedPodCount: 2,
-			lowNodeUtilizationArgs: &nodeutilization.LowNodeUtilizationArgs{
-				Thresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
-					v1.ResourceCPU:  30,
-					v1.ResourcePods: 30,
-				},
-				TargetThresholds: api.ResourceThresholds{
-					v1.ResourceCPU:  50,
-					v1.ResourcePods: 50,
-				},
-				MetricsUtilization: nodeutilization.MetricsUtilization{
-					MetricsServer: true,
-				},
-			},
-			evictorArgs:             &defaultevictor.DefaultEvictorArgs{},
-			metricsCollectorEnabled: true,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Logf("Creating deployment %v in %v namespace", deploymentObj.Name, deploymentObj.Namespace)
-			tc.beforeFunc(deploymentObj)
-
-			_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Logf("Error creating deployment: %v", err)
-				if err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).DeleteCollection(ctx, metav1.DeleteOptions{}, metav1.ListOptions{
-					LabelSelector: labels.SelectorFromSet(deploymentObj.Labels).String(),
-				}); err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete deployment: %v", err)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-			defer func() {
-				clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deploymentObj.Labels, deploymentObj.Namespace)
-			}()
-			waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deploymentObj.Labels, tc.replicasNum, deploymentObj.Namespace)
-			// wait until workerNodes[0].Name has the right actual cpu utilization and all the testing pods are running
-			// and producing ~12 cores in total
-			wait.PollUntilWithContext(ctx, 5*time.Second, func(context.Context) (done bool, err error) {
-				item, err := metricsClient.MetricsV1beta1().NodeMetricses().Get(ctx, workerNodes[0].Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
-				t.Logf("Waiting for %q nodemetrics cpu utilization to get over 12, currently %v", workerNodes[0].Name, item.Usage.Cpu().Value())
-				if item.Usage.Cpu().Value() < 12 {
-					return false, nil
-				}
-				totalCpu := resource.NewMilliQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI)
-				podItems, err := metricsClient.MetricsV1beta1().PodMetricses(deploymentObj.Namespace).List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Logf("unable to list podmetricses: %v", err)
-					return false, nil
-				}
-				for _, podMetrics := range podItems.Items {
-					for _, container := range podMetrics.Containers {
-						if _, exists := container.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU]; !exists {
-							continue
-						}
-						totalCpu.Add(container.Usage[v1.ResourceCPU])
-					}
-				}
-				// Value() will round up (e.g. 11.1 -> 12), which is still ok
-				t.Logf("Waiting for totalCpu to get to 12 at least, got %v\n", totalCpu.Value())
-				return totalCpu.Value() >= 12, nil
-			})
-
-			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
-
-			// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
-			deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, err := deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(lowNodeUtilizationPolicy(tc.lowNodeUtilizationArgs, tc.evictorArgs, tc.metricsCollectorEnabled))
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-			}
-
-			t.Logf("Creating %q policy CM with LowNodeUtilization configured...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
-			_, err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-			}
-
-			defer func() {
-				t.Logf("Deleting %q CM...", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name)
-				err = clientSet.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q CM: %v", deschedulerPolicyConfigMapObj.Name, err)
-				}
-			}()
-
-			deschedulerDeploymentObj := deschedulerDeployment(testNamespace.Name)
-			t.Logf("Creating descheduler deployment %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
-			_, err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Create(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj, metav1.CreateOptions{})
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Error creating %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
-			}
-
-			deschedulerPodName := ""
-			defer func() {
-				if deschedulerPodName != "" {
-					printPodLogs(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerPodName)
-				}
-
-				t.Logf("Deleting %q deployment...", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name)
-				err = clientSet.AppsV1().Deployments(deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace).Delete(ctx, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Unable to delete %q deployment: %v", deschedulerDeploymentObj.Name, err)
-				}
-
-				waitForPodsToDisappear(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
-			}()
-
-			t.Logf("Waiting for the descheduler pod running")
-			deschedulerPods := waitForPodsRunning(ctx, t, clientSet, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Labels, 1, deschedulerDeploymentObj.Namespace)
-			if len(deschedulerPods) != 0 {
-				deschedulerPodName = deschedulerPods[0].Name
-			}
-
-			// Run LowNodeUtilization plugin
-			var meetsExpectations bool
-			var actualEvictedPodCount int
-			if err = wait.PollUntilContextTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second, 60*time.Second, true, func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
-				currentRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
-				actualEvictedPod := preRunNames.Difference(currentRunNames)
-				actualEvictedPodCount = actualEvictedPod.Len()
-				t.Logf("preRunNames: %v, currentRunNames: %v, actualEvictedPodCount: %v\n", preRunNames.List(), currentRunNames.List(), actualEvictedPodCount)
-				if actualEvictedPodCount != tc.expectedEvictedPodCount {
-					t.Logf("Expecting %v number of pods evicted, got %v instead", tc.expectedEvictedPodCount, actualEvictedPodCount)
-					return false, nil
-				}
-				meetsExpectations = true
-				return true, nil
-			}); err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Error waiting for descheduler running: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if !meetsExpectations {
-				t.Errorf("Unexpected number of pods have been evicted, got %v, expected %v", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.expectedEvictedPodCount)
-			} else {
-				t.Logf("Total of %d Pods were evicted for %s", actualEvictedPodCount, tc.name)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/test/e2e/e2e_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_test.go
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ import (
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
 	listersv1 "k8s.io/client-go/listers/core/v1"
 	componentbaseconfig "k8s.io/component-base/config"
-	"k8s.io/component-base/featuregate"
 	"k8s.io/klog/v2"
 	utilptr "k8s.io/utils/ptr"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/yaml"
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ import (
 	eutils "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/evictions/utils"
 	nodeutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/node"
 	podutil "sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/descheduler/pod"
-	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/features"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/pluginregistry"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/defaultevictor"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/descheduler/pkg/framework/plugins/nodeutilization"
@@ -70,14 +68,6 @@ func isClientRateLimiterError(err error) bool {
 	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "client rate limiter")
 }

-func initFeatureGates() featuregate.FeatureGate {
-	featureGates := featuregate.NewFeatureGate()
-	featureGates.Add(map[featuregate.Feature]featuregate.FeatureSpec{
-		features.EvictionsInBackground: {Default: false, PreRelease: featuregate.Alpha},
-	})
-	return featureGates
-}
-
 func deschedulerPolicyConfigMap(policy *deschedulerapiv1alpha2.DeschedulerPolicy) (*v1.ConfigMap, error) {
 	cm := &v1.ConfigMap{
 		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
@@ -1354,7 +1344,6 @@ func TestDeschedulingInterval(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize server: %v", err)
 	}
 	s.Client = clientSet
-	s.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

 	deschedulerPolicy := &deschedulerapi.DeschedulerPolicy{}

--- a/test/e2e/e2e_toomanyrestarts_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/e2e_toomanyrestarts_test.go
@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ func TestTooManyRestarts(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			rs.Client = clientSet
 			rs.EventClient = clientSet
-			rs.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()

 			preRunNames := sets.NewString(getCurrentPodNames(ctx, clientSet, testNamespace.Name, t)...)
 			// Deploy the descheduler with the configured policy
--- a/test/e2e/test_clientconnection_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/test_clientconnection_test.go
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ func TestClientConnectionConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unable to initialize server: %v", err)
 	}
 	s.Client = clientSet
-	s.DefaultFeatureGates = initFeatureGates()
 	evictionPolicyGroupVersion, err := eutils.SupportEviction(s.Client)
 	if err != nil || len(evictionPolicyGroupVersion) == 0 {
 		t.Errorf("Error when checking support for eviction: %v", err)
--- a/test/run-e2e-tests.sh
+++ b/test/run-e2e-tests.sh
@@ -21,12 +21,6 @@ set -o nounset
 # Set to empty if unbound/empty
 SKIP_INSTALL=${SKIP_INSTALL:-}
 KIND_E2E=${KIND_E2E:-}
-CONTAINER_ENGINE=${CONTAINER_ENGINE:-docker}
-KIND_SUDO=${KIND_SUDO:-}
-SKIP_KUBECTL_INSTALL=${SKIP_KUBECTL_INSTALL:-}
-SKIP_KIND_INSTALL=${SKIP_KIND_INSTALL:-}
-SKIP_KUBEVIRT_INSTALL=${SKIP_KUBEVIRT_INSTALL:-}
-KUBEVIRT_VERSION=${KUBEVIRT_VERSION:-v1.3.0-rc.1}

 # Build a descheduler image
 IMAGE_TAG=v$(date +%Y%m%d)-$(git describe --tags)
@@ -38,35 +32,20 @@ echo "DESCHEDULER_IMAGE: ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE}"

 # This just runs e2e tests.
 if [ -n "$KIND_E2E" ]; then
-    K8S_VERSION=${KUBERNETES_VERSION:-v1.32.0}
-    if [ -z "${SKIP_KUBECTL_INSTALL}" ]; then
+    # If we did not set SKIP_INSTALL
+    if [ -z "$SKIP_INSTALL" ]; then
+        K8S_VERSION=${KUBERNETES_VERSION:-v1.31.0}
        curl -Lo kubectl https://dl.k8s.io/release/${K8S_VERSION}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl && chmod +x kubectl && mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
-    fi
-    if [ -z "${SKIP_KIND_INSTALL}" ]; then
-        wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.26.0/kind-linux-amd64
+        wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kind/releases/download/v0.24.0/kind-linux-amd64
        chmod +x kind-linux-amd64
        mv kind-linux-amd64 kind
        export PATH=$PATH:$PWD
+        kind create cluster --image kindest/node:${K8S_VERSION} --config=./hack/kind_config.yaml
    fi
-
-    # If we did not set SKIP_INSTALL
-    if [ -z "$SKIP_INSTALL" ]; then
-        ${KIND_SUDO} kind create cluster --image kindest/node:${K8S_VERSION} --config=./hack/kind_config.yaml
-    fi
-    ${CONTAINER_ENGINE} pull registry.k8s.io/pause
-    if [ "${CONTAINER_ENGINE}" == "podman" ]; then
-      podman save registry.k8s.io/pause -o /tmp/pause.tar
-      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load image-archive /tmp/pause.tar
-      rm /tmp/pause.tar
-      podman save ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE} -o /tmp/descheduler.tar
-      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load image-archive /tmp/descheduler.tar
-      rm /tmp/descheduler.tar
-    else
-      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load docker-image registry.k8s.io/pause
-      ${KIND_SUDO} kind load docker-image ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE}
-    fi
-    ${KIND_SUDO} kind get kubeconfig > /tmp/admin.conf
-
+    ${CONTAINER_ENGINE:-docker} pull registry.k8s.io/pause
+    kind load docker-image registry.k8s.io/pause
+    kind load docker-image ${DESCHEDULER_IMAGE}
+    kind get kubeconfig > /tmp/admin.conf
    export KUBECONFIG="/tmp/admin.conf"
    mkdir -p ~/gopath/src/sigs.k8s.io/
 fi
@@ -74,35 +53,5 @@ fi
 # Deploy rbac, sa and binding for a descheduler running through a deployment
 kubectl apply -f kubernetes/base/rbac.yaml

-collect_logs() {
-  echo "Collecting pods and logs"
-  kubectl get pods -n default
-  kubectl get pods -n kubevirt
-
-  for pod in $(kubectl get pods -n default -o name); do
-    echo "Logs for ${pod}"
-    kubectl logs -n default ${pod}
-  done
-
-  for pod in $(kubectl get pods -n kubevirt -o name); do
-    echo "Logs for ${pod}"
-    kubectl logs -n kubevirt ${pod}
-  done
-}
-
-trap "collect_logs" ERR
-
-if [ -z "${SKIP_KUBEVIRT_INSTALL}" ]; then
-  kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/releases/download/${KUBEVIRT_VERSION}/kubevirt-operator.yaml
-  kubectl create -f https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt/releases/download/${KUBEVIRT_VERSION}/kubevirt-cr.yaml
-  kubectl wait --timeout=180s --for=condition=Available -n kubevirt kv/kubevirt
-  kubectl -n kubevirt patch kubevirt kubevirt --type=merge --patch '{"spec":{"configuration":{"developerConfiguration":{"useEmulation":true}}}}'
-fi
-
-METRICS_SERVER_VERSION="v0.5.0"
-kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/${METRICS_SERVER_VERSION}/components.yaml
-kubectl patch -n kube-system deployment metrics-server --type=json \
-  -p '[{"op":"add","path":"/spec/template/spec/containers/0/args/-","value":"--kubelet-insecure-tls"}]'
-
 PRJ_PREFIX="sigs.k8s.io/descheduler"
 go test ${PRJ_PREFIX}/test/e2e/ -v -timeout 0
--- a/test/test_utils.go
+++ b/test/test_utils.go
@@ -25,11 +25,9 @@ import (

 	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
 	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
-	policyv1 "k8s.io/api/policy/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
 	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
-	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/intstr"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/uuid"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
 	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
@@ -70,25 +68,6 @@ func BuildTestPod(name string, cpu, memory int64, nodeName string, apply func(*v
 	return pod
 }

-func BuildTestPDB(name, appLabel string) *policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget {
-	maxUnavailable := intstr.FromInt32(1)
-	pdb := &policyv1.PodDisruptionBudget{
-		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
-			Namespace: "default",
-			Name:      name,
-		},
-		Spec: policyv1.PodDisruptionBudgetSpec{
-			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
-				MatchLabels: map[string]string{
-					"app": appLabel,
-				},
-			},
-			MaxUnavailable: &maxUnavailable,
-		},
-	}
-	return pdb
-}
-
 // BuildPodMetrics creates a test podmetrics with given parameters.
 func BuildPodMetrics(name string, millicpu, mem int64) *v1beta1.PodMetrics {
 	return &v1beta1.PodMetrics{
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.bazelversion
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.bazelversion
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-7.0.1
-# Keep this pinned version in parity with cel-go
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitattributes
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitattributes
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-*.pb.go linguist-generated=true
-*.pb.go -diff -merge
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitignore
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-bazel-*
-MODULE.bazel.lock
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-load("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl", "go_library")
-
-package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
-
-licenses(["notice"])  # Apache 2.0
-
-go_library(
-    name = "expr",
-    srcs = [
-        "checked.pb.go",
-        "eval.pb.go",
-        "explain.pb.go",
-        "syntax.pb.go",
-        "value.pb.go",
-    ],
-    importpath = "cel.dev/expr",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-    deps = [
-        "@org_golang_google_genproto_googleapis_rpc//status:go_default_library",
-        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//reflect/protoreflect",
-        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//runtime/protoimpl",
-        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//types/known/anypb",
-        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//types/known/durationpb",
-        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//types/known/emptypb",
-        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//types/known/structpb",
-        "@org_golang_google_protobuf//types/known/timestamppb",
-    ],
-)
-
-alias(
-    name = "go_default_library",
-    actual = ":expr",
-    visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
-)
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# Contributor Code of Conduct
-## Version 0.1.1 (adapted from 0.3b-angular)
-
-As contributors and maintainers of the Common Expression Language
-(CEL) project, we pledge to respect everyone who contributes by
-posting issues, updating documentation, submitting pull requests,
-providing feedback in comments, and any other activities.
-
-Communication through any of CEL's channels (GitHub, Gitter, IRC,
-mailing lists, Google+, Twitter, etc.) must be constructive and never
-resort to personal attacks, trolling, public or private harassment,
-insults, or other unprofessional conduct.
-
-We promise to extend courtesy and respect to everyone involved in this
-project regardless of gender, gender identity, sexual orientation,
-disability, age, race, ethnicity, religion, or level of experience. We
-expect anyone contributing to the project to do the same.
-
-If any member of the community violates this code of conduct, the
-maintainers of the CEL project may take action, removing issues,
-comments, and PRs or blocking accounts as deemed appropriate.
-
-If you are subject to or witness unacceptable behavior, or have any
-other concerns, please email us at
-[cel-conduct@google.com](mailto:cel-conduct@google.com).
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# How to Contribute
-
-We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project. There are a
-few guidelines you need to follow.
-
-## Contributor License Agreement
-
-Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License
-Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution,
-this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions as
-part of the project. Head over to <https://cla.developers.google.com/> to see
-your current agreements on file or to sign a new one.
-
-You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted one
-(even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it
-again.
-
-## Code reviews
-
-All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review. We
-use GitHub pull requests for this purpose. Consult
-[GitHub Help](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) for more
-information on using pull requests.
-
-## What to expect from maintainers
-
-Expect maintainers to respond to new issues or pull requests within a week.
-For outstanding and ongoing issues and particularly for long-running
-pull requests, expect the maintainers to review within a week of a
-contributor asking for a new review. There is no commitment to resolution --
-merging or closing a pull request, or fixing or closing an issue -- because some
-issues will require more discussion than others.
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/GOVERNANCE.md
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/GOVERNANCE.md
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-# Project Governance
-
-This document defines the governance process for the CEL language. CEL is
-Google-developed, but openly governed. Major contributors to the CEL
-specification and its corresponding implementations constitute the CEL
-Language Council. New members may be added by a unanimous vote of the
-Council.
-
-The MAINTAINERS.md file lists the members of the CEL Language Council, and
-unofficially indicates the "areas of expertise" of each member with respect
-to the publicly available CEL repos.
-
-## Code Changes
-
-Code changes must follow the standard pull request (PR) model documented in the
-CONTRIBUTING.md for each CEL repo. All fixes and features must be reviewed by a
-maintainer. The maintainer reserves the right to request that any feature
-request (FR) or PR be reviewed by the language council.
-
-## Syntax and Semantic Changes
-
-Syntactic and semantic changes must be reviewed by the CEL Language Council.
-Maintainers may also request language council review at their discretion.
-
-The review process is as follows:
-
- Create a Feature Request in the CEL-Spec repo. The feature description will
-  serve as an abstract for the detailed design document.
- Co-develop a design document with the Language Council.
- Once the proposer gives the design document approval, the document will be
-  linked to the FR in the CEL-Spec repo and opened for comments to members of
-  the cel-lang-discuss@googlegroups.com.
- The Language Council will review the design doc at the next council meeting
-  (once every three weeks) and the council decision included in the document.
-
-If the proposal is approved, the spec will be updated by a maintainer (if
-applicable) and a rationale will be included in the CEL-Spec wiki to ensure
-future developers may follow CEL's growth and direction over time.
-
-Approved proposals may be implemented by the proposer or by the maintainers as
-the parties see fit. At the discretion of the maintainer, changes from the
-approved design are permitted during implementation if they improve the user
-experience and clarity of the feature.
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/LICENSE
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/LICENSE
@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-
-                                 Apache License
-                           Version 2.0, January 2004
-                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
-
-   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
-
-   1. Definitions.
-
-      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
-      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
-
-      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
-      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
-
-      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
-      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
-      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
-      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
-      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
-      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
-      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
-
-      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
-      exercising permissions granted by this License.
-
-      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
-      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
-      source, and configuration files.
-
-      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
-      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
-      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
-      and conversions to other media types.
-
-      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
-      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
-      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
-      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
-
-      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
-      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
-      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
-      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
-      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
-      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
-      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
-
-      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
-      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
-      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
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-      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
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-      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
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-      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
-      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
-      as of the date such litigation is filed.
-
-   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
-      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
-      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
-      meet the following conditions:
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-      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
-          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
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-      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
-          stating that You changed the files; and
-
-      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
-          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
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-
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-      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
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--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/MAINTAINERS.md
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/MAINTAINERS.md
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# CEL Language Council
-
-| Name            | Company      | Area of Expertise |
-|-----------------|--------------|-------------------|
-| Alfred Fuller   | Facebook     | cel-cpp, cel-spec |
-| Jim Larson      | Google       | cel-go, cel-spec  |
-| Matthais Blume  | Google       | cel-spec          |
-| Tristan Swadell | Google       | cel-go, cel-spec  |
-
-## Emeritus
-
-* Sanjay Ghemawat (Google)
-* Wolfgang Grieskamp (Facebook)
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/MODULE.bazel
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/MODULE.bazel
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-module(
-    name = "cel-spec",
-)
-
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "bazel_skylib",
-    version = "1.7.1",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "gazelle",
-    version = "0.36.0",
-    repo_name = "bazel_gazelle",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "googleapis",
-    version = "0.0.0-20240819-fe8ba054a",
-    repo_name = "com_google_googleapis",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "protobuf",
-    version = "26.0",
-    repo_name = "com_google_protobuf",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "rules_cc",
-    version = "0.0.9",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "rules_go",
-    version = "0.49.0",
-    repo_name = "io_bazel_rules_go",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "rules_java",
-    version = "7.6.5",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "rules_proto",
-    version = "6.0.0",
-)
-bazel_dep(
-    name = "rules_python",
-    version = "0.35.0",
-)
-
-### PYTHON ###
-python = use_extension("@rules_python//python/extensions:python.bzl", "python")
-python.toolchain(
-    ignore_root_user_error = True,
-    python_version = "3.11",
-)
-
-switched_rules = use_extension("@com_google_googleapis//:extensions.bzl", "switched_rules")
-switched_rules.use_languages(
-    cc = True,
-    go = True,
-    java = True,
-)
-use_repo(switched_rules, "com_google_googleapis_imports")
-
-go_sdk = use_extension("@io_bazel_rules_go//go:extensions.bzl", "go_sdk")
-go_sdk.download(version = "1.21.1")
-
-go_deps = use_extension("@bazel_gazelle//:extensions.bzl", "go_deps")
-go_deps.from_file(go_mod = "//:go.mod")
-use_repo(
-    go_deps,
-    "org_golang_google_genproto_googleapis_rpc",
-    "org_golang_google_protobuf",
-)
--- a/vendor/cel.dev/expr/README.md
+++ b/vendor/cel.dev/expr/README.md
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-# Common Expression Language
-
-The Common Expression Language (CEL) implements common semantics for expression
-evaluation, enabling different applications to more easily interoperate.
-
-Key Applications
-
-*   Security policy: organizations have complex infrastructure and need common
-    tooling to reason about the system as a whole
-*   Protocols: expressions are a useful data type and require interoperability
-    across programming languages and platforms.
-
-
-Guiding philosophy:
-
-1.  Keep it small & fast.
-    *   CEL evaluates in linear time, is mutation free, and not Turing-complete.
-        This limitation is a feature of the language design, which allows the
-        implementation to evaluate orders of magnitude faster than equivalently
-        sandboxed JavaScript.
-2.  Make it extensible.
-    *   CEL is designed to be embedded in applications, and allows for
-        extensibility via its context which allows for functions and data to be
-        provided by the software that embeds it.
-3.  Developer-friendly.
-    *   The language is approachable to developers. The initial spec was based
-        on the experience of developing Firebase Rules and usability testing
-        many prior iterations.
-    *   The library itself and accompanying toolings should be easy to adopt by
-        teams that seek to integrate CEL into their platforms.
-
-The required components of a system that supports CEL are:
-
-*   The textual representation of an expression as written by a developer. It is
-    of similar syntax to expressions in C/C++/Java/JavaScript
-*   A representation of the program's abstract syntax tree (AST).
-*   A compiler library that converts the textual representation to the binary
-    representation. This can be done ahead of time (in the control plane) or
-    just before evaluation (in the data plane).
-*   A context containing one or more typed variables, often protobuf messages.
-    Most use-cases will use `attribute_context.proto`
-*   An evaluator library that takes the binary format in the context and
-    produces a result, usually a Boolean.
-
-For use cases which require persistence or cross-process communcation, it is
-highly recommended to serialize the type-checked expression as a protocol
-buffer. The CEL team will maintains canonical protocol buffers for ASTs and
-will keep these versions identical and wire-compatible in perpetuity:
-
-*  [CEL canonical](https://github.com/google/cel-spec/tree/master/proto/cel/expr)
-*  [CEL v1alpha1](https://github.com/googleapis/googleapis/tree/master/google/api/expr/v1alpha1)
-
-
-Example of boolean conditions and object construction:
-
-``` c
-// Condition
-account.balance >= transaction.withdrawal
-    || (account.overdraftProtection
-    && account.overdraftLimit >= transaction.withdrawal  - account.balance)
-
-// Object construction
-common.GeoPoint{ latitude: 10.0, longitude: -5.5 }
-```
-
-For more detail, see:
-
-*   [Introduction](doc/intro.md)
-*   [Language Definition](doc/langdef.md)
-
-Released under the [Apache License](LICENSE).
-
-Disclaimer: This is not an official Google product.
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Jan Chaloupka	b56794708d	descheduler: wire the metrics collector with the framework handle	2024-11-05 21:13:27 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	b7b352780e	LowNodeUtilization: test metrics based utilization	2024-11-05 21:11:33 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	646a383b37	Get pod usage from the usage client	2024-11-05 14:07:59 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	ad18f41b66	Update actualUsageClient	2024-11-04 18:11:27 +01:00
Jan Chaloupka	80f9c0ada6	Separate usage client into a new file	2024-10-21 22:38:25 +02:00
Jan Chaloupka	3174107718	usageSnapshot -> requestedUsageClient	2024-10-21 22:22:38 +02:00
Jan Chaloupka	1f55c4d680	node utilization: abstract pod utilization retriever	2024-10-15 12:18:37 +02:00
Jan Chaloupka	dc9bea3ede	nodeutiliation: create a usage snapshot	2024-10-15 12:18:30 +02:00